349
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

PTSD and HIV in Women: The Role of Gender in This Dual Diagnosis

&
Pages 497-510 | Received 11 Feb 2011, Accepted 22 Apr 2011, Published online: 28 Jul 2011

REFERENCES

  • American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th ed. Washington : American Psychiatric Association. .
  • Beckerman , N. L. and Pass , J. 2008 . After the assault: Cognitive trauma therapy with a single event trauma survivor . Clin Social Work , 36 : 255 – 63 .
  • Blake , D. D. , Weathers , F. W. , Nagy , L. M. , Kaloupek , D. G. , Klauminzer , G. , Charney , D. S. and Keane , T. M. “The development of a structured interview for post-traumatic stress disorder. An update on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scales (CAPS-1 and CAPS-2).” . Symposium presented at the meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies . Los Angeles, CA.
  • Blanchard , E. B. , Jones–Alexander , J. , Buckley , T. C. and Forneris , C. A. 1996 . Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL) . Behav Research & Therapy , 34 : 669 – 73 .
  • Breslau , N. 2002 . Gender differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder . J of Gender Specific Med , 5 : 34 – 40 .
  • Breslau , N. , Daws , G. , Peterson , E. and Schultz , L. 1997 . Psychiatric sequelae of posttraumatic stress disorder in women . Archives of Gen Psychiatry , 54 : 81 – 7 .
  • Brennan , D. J. , Hellerstedt , W. L. , Ross , M. W. and Welles , S. L. 2007 . History of childhood sexual abuse and HIV risk behaviors in homosexual and bisexual men . Amer J of Public Health , 97 : 1107 – 12 .
  • Brief , D. J. , Bollinger , A. R. and Vielhauer , M. J. 2004 . Understanding the interface of HIV, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use and its implications for health outcomes . AIDS Care , 16 : S97 – 120 .
  • Dominelli , L. 2002 . Feminist social work theory and practice. Basingstoke and New York : Palgrave Macmillan. .
  • Foa , E. , Riggs , D. S. , Dancu , C. and Rothbaum , B. 1993 . Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder . J of Traumatic Stress , 6 : 459 – 73 .
  • Freshwater , K. , Longshore , D. and Chin , D. 2001 . Personal constructs, childhood sexual abuse and revictimization . Brit J of Med Psychology , 74 : 379 – 97 .
  • Gore–Felton , C. , Koopman , C. and Speigel , D. 2001 . The influence of traumatic stress responses on HIV risk behavior. Seattle : Gore-Felton. .
  • Greeson , J. M. , Hurwitz , B. E. and Llabre , M. M. 2008 . Psychological distress, killer lymphocytes and disease severity in HIV/AIDS . Brain & Behavioral Immunology , 22 : 901 – 11 .
  • Herman , J. 1992a . Trauma and Recovery New York : Basic Books. .
  • Herman , J. L. 1992b . Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma . J of Traumatic Stress , 5 : 377 – 91 .
  • Hyman , S. M. , Garcia , M. , Kemp , K. , Mazure , C. M. and Sinha , R. 2005 . A gender specific psychometric analysis of the Early Trauma Inventory Short Form in cocaine dependent adults . Addictive Behaviors , 30 : 847 – 52 .
  • Ickovics , J. R. , Hamburger , M. E. and Vlahov , D. 2001 . Mortality, CD4 cell count decline and depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive women: Longitudinal analysis from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study . JAMA , 285 : 1466 – 74 .
  • Israelski , D. M. , Prentiss , D. E. , Lubega , S. , Balmas , G. , Garcia , P. Muhammad , M. 2007 . Psychiatric comorbidity in vulnerable populations receiving primary care for HIV/AIDS . AIDS Care , 19 : 220 – 5 .
  • Johnson , L. W. and Harlow , L. 1996 . Childhood sexual abuse linked with adult substance use, victimization, and AIDS-risk . AIDS Educ Prev , 8 ( 1 ) : 44 – 57 .
  • Johnson , S. M. 2002 . Emotionally focused couple therapy with trauma survivors: Strengthening attachment bonds. New York : Guilford Press. .
  • Kendall–Tackett , K. 2005 . “ Introduction: Women's experiences of stress and trauma. ” . In Handbook of women, stress and trauma. Edited by: Kendall–Tackett , K. New York : Brunner-Routledge. .
  • Keane , T. M. , Marshall , A. D. and Taft , C. T. 2006 . Posttraumatic stress disorder: Etiology, epidemiology, and treatment outcome . Annual Rev of Clinical Psych , 2 : 161 – 79 .
  • Kimerling , R. , Calhoun , K. S. , Forehand , R. , Armistead , L. and Morse , E. 1999 . Traumatic stress in HIV-infected women . AIDS Educ & Prevention , 11 : 321 – 30 .
  • Kimerling , R. , Ouimette , P. C. and Wolfe , J. 2002 . Gender and PTSD. New York : The Guilford Press. .
  • Koopman , C. , Gore–Felton , C. , Azimi , N. , O'Shea , K. and Ashton , E. 2002 . Acute stress reactions to recent life events among women and men living with HIV/AIDS . Intl J of Psychiatry in Med , 32 : 361 – 78 .
  • McDevitt–Murphy , M. E. , Weathers , F. W. , Adkins , S. W. and Daniels , J. B. 2007 . Use of the Personality Assessment Inventory in assessment of PTSD on women . J of Psychopathology and Behav Assessment , 27 : 57 – 65 .
  • Martinez , A. , Israelski , D. , Walker , C. and Koopman , C. 2002 . Posttraumatic stress disorder in women attending human immunodeficiency virus outpatient clinics . AIDS Patient Care & Stds , 16 : 283 – 91 .
  • Messina , N. and Grella , C. 2006 . Childhood trauma and women's health outcomes: A California prison population . Amer J of Public Health , 96 : 1842 – 8 .
  • Mugavero , M. J. , Ostermann , J. and Whetten , K. 2006 . Barriers to antiretroviral adherence: The importance of depression, abuse, and other traumatic events . AIDS Patient Care Stds , 20 : 418 – 28 .
  • Norris , F. , Perilla , J. , Ibanez , G. and Murphy , D. 2001 . Sex differences in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder: Does culture play a role? . J of Traumatic Stress , 14 : 7 – 28 .
  • Orlando , M. , Burnam , M. A. and Beckman , R. 2002 . Re-estimating the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a nationally representative sample of persons receiving care for HIV: Results from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study . Intl J of Methods in Psychiatric Research , 11 : 75 – 82 .
  • Ouimette , P. C. , Kimerling , R. , Shaw , J. and Moos , R. H. 2000 . Physical and sexual abuse among women and men with substance use disorders . Alcoholism Treatment Qtly , 18 : 7 – 17 .
  • Pence , B. W. , Miller , W. C. and Whetten , K. 2006 . Prevalence of DSM-IV-defined mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in an HIV clinic in the Southeastern United States . J of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 42 : 298 – 306 .
  • Perkonigg , A. and Wittchen , H. 1999 . “ Prevalence and comorbidity of traumatic events and PTSD in adolescents and young adults. ” . In Post-traumatic stress disorder. A lifespan developmental perspective Edited by: Maerker , A. , Schutzwohl , M. and Solomon . Seattle : Hogrefe & Hubner. .
  • Phillips , R. 2007 . The place of feminism in contemporary social work education in Australia . Advances in Social Work and Welfare Education , 9 : 56 – 68 .
  • Resnick , H. S. , Kilpatrick , D. G. , Dansky , B. S. , Saunders , B. E. and Best , C. L. 1997 . Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women . J of Consulting & Clinical Psych , 61 : 984 – 91 .
  • Resnick , H. S. 2005 . Description of an early intervention to prevent substance abuse and psychopathology in rape victims . Behavior Mod , 29 : 156 – 88 .
  • Rodriguez , N. , Ryan , S. , Rowan , A. B. and Foy , D. W. 1999 . Posttraumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse . Child Abuse & Neglect , 20 : 943 – 52 .
  • Roth , S. , Newman , E. , Pelcovitz , D. , van der Kolk , B. and Mandel , F. S. 1997 . Complex PTSD in victims exposed to sexual and physical abuse: Results from the DSM-IV Field Trial for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . J Trauma Stress , 10 : 539 – 55 .
  • Sachs–Ericsson , N. , Blazer , D. , Plant , E. A. and Arnow , B. 2005 . Childhood sexual and physical abuse, and the 1-year prevalence of medical problems in the National Comorbidity Survey . Health Psychology , 24 : 53 – 67 .
  • Safren , S. A. , Gershuny , B. S. and Hendriksen , E. 2003 . Symptoms of posttraumatic stress and death anxiety in persons with HIV and medication adherence difficulties . AIDS Patient Care & Stds , 17 : 657 – 64 .
  • Sikkema , K. J. , Hansen , N. B. and Kochman , A. 2006 . Outcomes from a group intervention for coping with HIV/AIDS and childhood sexual abuse: Reductions in traumatic stress . AIDS Behavior , 11 : 49 – 60 .
  • Sikkema , K. J. , Wilson , P. A. and Hansen , N. B. 2008 . Effects of a coping intervention on transmission risk behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS and a history of childhood sexual abuse . J of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 47 : 506 – 13 .
  • Simmons , C. 2007 . Speculation as to why women “get” PTSD more often than men . Women & Therapy , 30 : 85 – 98 .
  • Tolin , D. F. and Foa , E. B. 2006 . Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research . Psych Bulletin , 132 : 959 – 92 .
  • Treisman , G. and Angelino , A. F. 2004 . The psychiatry of AIDS: A guide to diagnosis and treatment. Baltimore : The Johns Hopkins University Press. .
  • van der Kolk , B. A. , Roth , S. , Pelcovitz , D. , Sunday , S. and Spinazzola , J. 2005 . Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma . J of Traumatic Stress , 18 : 389 – 99 .
  • Weathers , F. W. and Keane , T. M. 2007 . The criterion problem revisited: Controversies and challenges in defining and measuring psychological trauma . J of Trauma Stress , 20 : 107 – 21 .
  • Weathers , F. W. , Litz , B. T. , Herman , D. S. , Huska , J. A. and Keane , T. M. The PTSD Checklist Reliabiltiy, Validity, and Diagnostic Utility . Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Society . San Antonio, Texas.
  • Whetten , K. , Reif , S. and Whetten , R. 2008 . Trauma, mental health, distrust, and stigma among HIV-positive persons: Implications for effective care . Psychosomatic Med , 70 : 531 – 8 .
  • Wolfe , J. and Kimerling , R. 1997 . “ Gender issues in the assessment of PTSD. ” . In Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD Edited by: Wilson , J. P. and Keane , T. M. New York : Guilford Press. .
  • Zierler , S. , Witbeck , B. and Mayer , K. 1996 . Sexual violence against women living with or at risk for HIV infection . Amer J of Preventive Med , 12 : 304 – 10 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.