Enhancing Effect of Hydroxyurea on Hb F in Sickle Cell Disease: Ten-Year Egyptian Experience

References

• Ware RE. How I use hydroxyurea to treat young patients with sickle cell anemia. Blood. 2010;115(26):5300–5311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elagouz M, Jyothi S, Gupta B, Sivaprasad S. Sickle cell disease and the eye: old and new concepts. Surv Ophthalmol. 2010;55(4):359–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware RE, de Montalembert M, Tshilolo L, et al. Sickle cell disease. Lancet. 2017;390(10091):31–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barabino GA, Platt MO, Kaul DK. Sickle cell biomechanics. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2010;12:345–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB. Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(8):704–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Hazmi MA, Al-Hazmi AM, Warsy AS. Sickle cell disease in Middle East Arab countries. Indian J Med Res. 2011;134(5):597–610.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El-Beshlawy A, Youssry I. Prevention of hemoglobinopathies in Egypt. Hemoglobin. 2009;33(Suppl 1):S14–S20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leikin SL, Gallagher D, Kinney TR, et al. Mortality in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. Pediatrics. 1989;84(3):500–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt OS, Brambilla DJ, Rosse WF, et al. Mortality in sickle cell disease. Life expectancy and risk factors for early death. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(23):1639–1644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trompeter S, Roberts I. Haemoglobin F modulation in childhood sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2009;144(3):308–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankins J, Aygun B. Pharmacotherapy in sickle cell disease – state of the art and future prospects. Br J Haematol. 2009;145(3):296–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenette PS, Atweh GF. Sickle cell disease: old discoveries, new concepts, and future promise. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(4):850–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco RS, Yasin Z, Palascak MB, et al. The effect of fetal hemoglobin on the survival characteristics of sickle cells. Blood. 2006;108(3):1073–1076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaul DK, Liu XD, Chang HY, et al. Effect of fetal hemoglobin on microvascular regulation in sickle transgenic-knockout mice. J Clin Invest. 2004;114(8):1136–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charache S, Dover GJ, Moore RD, et al. Hydroxyurea: effects on Hemoglobin F production in patients with sickle cell anemia. Blood. 1992;79(10):2555–2565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charache S, Terrin ML, Moore RD, et al. Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(20):1317–1322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott JP, Hillery CA, Brown ER, et al. Hydroxyurea therapy in children severely affected with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr. 1996;128(6):820–828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinney TR, Helms RW, O’Branski EE, et al. Safety of hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell anemia: results of the HUG-KIDS study, a phase I/II trial. Pediatric Hydroxyurea Group. Blood. 1999;94(5):1550–1554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankins JS, Ware RE, Rogers ZR, et al. Long-term hydroxyurea therapy for infants with sickle cell anemia: the HUSOFT extension study. Blood. 2005;106(7):2269–2275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Italia K, Jain D, Gattani S, et al. Hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease – a study of clinico-pharmacological efficacy in the Indian haplotype. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2009;42(1):25–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferster A, Tahriri P, Vermylen C, et al. Five years of experience with hydroxyurea in children and young adults with sickle cell disease. Blood. 2001;97(11):3628–3632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman SA, Schultz WH, Davis JS, et al. Sustained long-term hematologic efficacy of hydroxyurea at maximum tolerated dose in children with sickle cell disease. Blood. 2004;103(6):2039–2045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballas SK, Barton FB, Waclawiw MA, et al. Hydroxyurea and sickle cell anemia: effect on quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006;4:59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornburg CD, Dixon N, Burgett S, et al. A pilot study of hydroxyurea to prevent chronic organ damage in young children with sickle cell anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009;52(5):609–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh H, Dulhani N, Kumar BN, et al. Effective control of sickle cell disease with hydroxyurea therapy. Indian J Pharmacol. 2010;42(1):32–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voskaridou E, Christoulas D, Bilalis A, et al. The effect of prolonged administration of hydroxyurea on morbidity and mortality in adult patients with sickle cell syndromes: results of a 17-year, single-center trial (LaSHS). Blood. 2010;115(12):2354–2363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGann PT, Ware RE. Hydroxyurea for sickle cell anemia: what have we learned and what questions still remain? Curr Opin Hematol. 2011;18(3):158–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellouli F, Chouaibi S, Dhouib N, et al. Effectiveness and acceptance of hydroxyurea in the treatment of severe forms of sickle cell disease: a prospective study of 65 cases. Tunis Med. 2013;91(8-9):544–550.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eltzschig HK, Eckle T. Ischemia and reperfusion – from mechanism to translation. Nat Med. 2011;17(11):1391–1401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayabose S, Tugal O, Sandoval C, et al. Clinical and hematologic effects of hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell anemia. J Pediatr. 1996;129(4):559–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoppe C, Vichinsky E, Quirolo K, et al. Use of hydroxyurea in children ages 2 to 5 years with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2000;22(4):330–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferster A, Vermylen C, Cornu G, et al. Hydroxyurea for treatment of severe sickle cell anemia: a pediatric clinical trial. Blood. 1996;88(6):1960–1964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohene-Frempong K, Weiner SJ, Sleeper LA, et al. Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors. Blood. 1998;91(1):288–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller ST, Sleeper LA, Pegelow CH, et al. Prediction of adverse outcomes in children with sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(2):83–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridges KR, Barabino GD, Brugnara C, et al. A multiparameter analysis of sickle erythrocytes in patients undergoing hydroxyurea therapy. Blood. 1996;88(12):4701–4710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillery CA, Du MC, Wang WC, Scott JP. Hydroxyurea therapy decreases the in vitro adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to thrombospondin and laminin. Br J Haematol. 2000;109(2):322–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odievre MH, Bony V, Benkerrou M, et al. Modulation of erythroid adhesion receptor expression by hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell disease. Haematologica. 2008;93(4):502–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier-Redelsperger M, de Montalembert M, Flahault A, et al. Fetal hemoglobin and F-cell responses to long-term hydroxyurea treatment in young sickle cell patients. The French Study Group on Sickle Cell Disease. Blood. 1998;91(12):4472–4479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg MH. Predicting clinical severity in sickle cell anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2005;129(4):465–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasavda N, Badiger S, Rees D, et al. The presence of α-thalassaemia trait blunts the response to hydroxycarbamide in patients with sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2008;143(4):589–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg MH, Lu ZH, Barton FB, et al. Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: determinants of response to hydroxyurea. Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea. Blood. 1997;89(3):1078–1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware RE, Eggleston B, Redding-Lallinger R, et al. Predictors of fetal hemoglobin response in children with sickle cell anemia receiving hydroxyurea therapy. Blood. 2002;99(1):10–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeney MM, Ware RE. Hydroxyurea for children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2008;55(2):483–501, x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Montalembert M, Brousse V, Elie C, et al. Long-term hydroxyurea treatment in children with sickle cell disease: tolerance and clinical outcomes. Haematologica. 2006;91(1):125–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellouli F, Bejaoui M. [The use of hydroxyurea in severe forms of sickle cell disease: study of 47 Tunisian paediatric cases]. Arch Pediatr. 2008;15(1):24–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nzouakou R, Bachir D, Lavaud A, et al. Clinical follow-up of hydroxyurea-treated adults with sickle cell disease. Acta Haematol. 2011;125(3):145–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okam MM, Shaykevich S, Ebert BL, et al. National trends in hospitalizations for sickle cell disease in the United States following the FDA approval of hydroxyurea, 1998-2008. Med Care. 2014;52(7):612–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar