References
- Modiano G, Morpurgo G, Terrenato L, Novelletto A, Rienzo AD, Colombo B, et al. Protection against malaria morbidity: near-fixation of the alpha-thalassemia gene in a Nepalese population. Am J Hum Genet. 1991;48:390–397.
- Allen SJ, O'Donnell A, Alexander ND, et al. Alpha+-Thalassemia protects children against disease caused by other infections as well as malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(26):14736–14741.
- Mockenhaupt FP, Falusi AG, May J, Ademowo OG, Olumese PE, Meyer CG, et al. The contribution of α+-thalassemia to anaemia in a Nigerian Population Exposed to Intense Malaria transmission. Trop Med Int Health. 1999; 4(4):302–307.
- Mockenhaupt FP, Ehrhardt S, Gellert S, Ademowo OG, Olumese PE, Meyer CG, et al. {alpha}+-thalassemia protects African children from severe malaria. Blood. 2004;104(7):2003–2006.
- Williams TN, Mwangi TW, Wambua S, et al. Negative epistasis between the malaria-protective effects of alpha+-thalassemia and the sickle cell trait. Nat Genet. 2005;37(11):1253–1257.
- Williams TN, Wambua S, Uyoga S, et al. Both heterozygous and homozygous alpha+-thalassemias protect against severe and fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the coast of Kenya. Blood. 2005;106(1):368–371.
- Wambua S, Mwangi TW, Kortok M, et al. The effect of alpha (+)-thalassaemia on the incidence of malaria and other diseases in children living on the coast of Kenya. PLOS Med. 2006;3(5):e158.
- Enevold A, Alifrangis M, Sanchez JJ, Carneiro I, Roper C, Borsting C et al. Associations between α+-thalassemia and Plasmodium falciparum malarial infection in northeastern Tanzania. J Infect Dis. 2007;196(3):451–459.
- May J, Evans JA, Timmann C, Ehmen C, Busch W, Thye T, et al. Hemoglobin variants and disease manifestations in severe falciparum malaria. JAMA. 2007; 297 (20):2220–2226.
- Enevold A, Lusingu JP, Mmbando B, Alifrangis M, Lemnge MM, Bygbjerg IC et al. Reduced risk of uncomplicated malaria episodes in children with alpha+-thalassemia in northeastern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;78(5):714–720.
- Veenemans J, Andang’o PEA, Mbugi EV, et al. α+-thalassemia protects against anemia associated with asymptomatic malaria: evidence from community-based surveys in Tanzania and Kenya. J Infect Dis. 2008;198(3):401–408.
- Franklin K, Opoku-Okrah C, Obiri-Danso K, Owiredu WKBA, Annan A. The effect of alpha(+)-thalassaemia on P. falciparum malaria parasitaemia in children attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Int J Bio Lab Sc. 2011; 1:7–14.
- Veenemans J, Jansen EJS, Baidjoe AY, et al. Effect of α+-thalassaemia on episodes of fever due to malaria and other causes: a community-based cohort study in Tanzania. Malar J. 2011;10:280.
- Opoku-Okrah C, Gordge M, Nakua EK, et al. An investigation of the protective effect of alpha+-thalassaemia against severe Plasmodium falciparum amongst children in Kumasi, Ghana. Int J Lab Hematol. 2014; 36(1):62–70.
- Krause MA, Diakite SAS, Lopera-Mesa TM, Amaratunga C, Arie T, Traore K, et al. α-thalassemia impairs the cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e37214.
- Cockburn IA, Mackinnon MJ, O'Donnell A, et al. A human complement receptor 1 polymorphism that reduces Plasmodium falciparum rosetting confers protection against severe malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci Usa. 2004;101(1):272–277.
- Yuthavong Y, Butthep P, Bunyaratvej A, et al. Impaired parasite growth and increased susceptibility to phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected alpha-thalassemia or hemoglobin constant spring red blood cells. Am J Clin Pathol. 1988;89(4):521–525.
- Luzzi GA, Merry AH, Newbold CI, Marsh K, Pasvol G. Protection by alpha-thalassaemia against Plasmodium falciparum malaria: modified surface antigen expression rather than impaired growth or cytoadherence. Immunol Lett. 1991;30(2):233–240.
- Flint J, Hill AV, Bowden DK, Oppenheimer SJ, Sill PR, Serjeantson SW, et al. High frequencies of alpha-thalassaemia are the result of natural selection by malaria. Nature. 1986;321(6072):744–750.
- Chui DHK, Waye JS. Hydrops fetalis caused by α-thalassemia: an emerging health care problem. Blood. 1998;91(7):2213–2222.
- Modell B, Darlison M. Global epidemiology of haemoglobin disorders and derived service indicators. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:480–487.
- Fodde R, Losekoot M, van den Broek MH, et al. Prevalence and molecular heterogeneity of alpha+ thalassemia in two tribal populations from Andhra Pradesh. Hum Genet. 1988;80(2):157–160.
- Kulozik AE, Kar BC, Serjeant GR, Serjeant BE, Weatherall DJ. The molecular basis of α- thalassemia in India. Its interaction with the sickle cell gene. Blood. 1988; 71(2):467–472.
- Gajra B, Chakrabarty S, Sengupta B, Bose S, Dasgupta I, De M, et al. Molecular heterogeneity of alpha thalassaemia and its relationship with other haemoglobinopathies in a tribal population from Sian village, Birbhum, West Bengal. The Nucleus. 2003; 46 (1–2):29–33.
- Sen R, Chakrabarti S, Sengupta B, et al. α-thalassemia among tribal populations of Eastern India. Hemoglobin. 2005; 29(4):277–280.
- Sankar VH, Arya V, Tewari D, et al. Genotyping of alpha-thalassemia in microcytic hypochromic anemia patients from North India. J Appl Genet. 2006; 47(4):391–395.
- Dastidar R, Talukder G. The molecular basis of alpha thalassaemias in India: a review. Anthropology today: trends, scope and applications. Anthropology. 2007; 3:349–354.
- Dubey S, Pathak S, Upadhyay R, Chaturvedi S, Rajak RC. Prevalence of alpha thalassemia type II in Gond tribe of Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh, India. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013; 2(4):13–19.
- Purohit P, Dehury S, Patel S, et al. Prevalence of deletional alpha thalassemia and sickle gene in a tribal dominated malaria endemic area of Eastern India. ISRN Hematol. 2014;2014:745245.
- World Health Organization: Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. 2nd ed. Geneva, WHO; 2010. (who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/9789241547925/en/).
- Purohit P, Mohanty PK, Patel S, et al. Comparative study of clinical presentation and hematological indices in hospitalized sickle cell patients infected with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Infect Public Health. 2018;11(3):321–325.
- Patsoula E, Spanakos G, Sofianatou D, et al. A single-step, PCR-based method for the detection and differentiation of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003;97(1):15–21.
- Chong SS, Boehm CD, Higgs DR, Cutting GR. Single-tube multiplex-PCR screen for common deletional determinants of alpha thalassemia. Blood. 2000;95(1):360–362.
- Oppenheimer SJ, Hill AV, Gibson FD, et al. The interaction of alpha thalassaemia with malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(2):322–326.
- Fowkes FJ, Allen SJ, Alpers MP, Weatherall DJ, Day KP. Increased microerythrocyte count in Homozygous α+-thalassemia contributes to protection against severe malaria anaemia. PLoS Med. 2008; 5(3):e56–501.
- Opi DH, Ochola LB, Tendwa M, et al. Mechanistic studies of the negative epistatic malaria-protective interaction between sickle cell trait and α+thalassemia. EBioMedicine. 2014;1(1):29–36.