Teacher Technology Policies and Online Communication Apprehension as Predictors of Learner Empowerment

References

• Adams , D. 2006 . Wireless laptops in the classroom (and the Sesame Street syndrome) . Communications of the ACM , 49 : 25 – 27 . doi: 10.1145/1151030.1151049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak , M. , Lipson , A. and Lerman , S. 2006 . Wireless laptops as means for promoting active learning in large lecture halls . Journal of Research on Technology in Education , 38 : 245 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Burgoon , J. K. and Le Poire , B. A. 1993 . Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior . Human Communication Research , 20 : 67 – 96 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00316.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns , S. M. and Lohenry , K. 2010 . Cellular phone use in class: Implications for teaching and learning—A pilot study . College Student Journal , 44 : 805 – 810 . doi: 10.1080/03634523.2013.767917
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , S. W. 2006 . Perceptions of mobile phones in college classrooms: Ringing, cheating, and classroom policies . Communication Education , 55 : 280 – 294 . doi: 10.1080/03634520600748573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , G. D. , Chang , C. K. and Wang , C. Y. 2008 . Ubiquitous learning website: Scaffold learners by mobile devices with information-aware techniques . Computers & Education , 50 : 77 – 90 . doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2006.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly , J. A. 2011 . “ Personality and interpersonal communication ” . In The SAGE handbook of interpersonal communication , Edited by: Knapp , M. L. and Daly , J. A. 131 – 168 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• DeSantis , N. 2012 , January 10 . Professor's classroom iPad app debuts at Consumer Electronics Show. Blog post . Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/professors-classroom-ipad-app-debuts-at-consumer-electronics-show/34890 .
   Google Scholar
• Finn , A. N. and Ledbetter , A. M. 2013 . Teacher power mediates the effects of technology policies on teacher credibility . Communication Education , 62 : 26 – 47 . doi: 10.1080/03634523.2012.725132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn , A. N. and Schrodt , P. 2012 . Students perceived understanding mediates the effects of teacher clarity and nonverbal immediacy on learner empowerment . Communication Education , 61 : 111 – 130 . doi: 10.1080/03634523.2012.656669
   Google Scholar
• Finn , S. and Inman , J. G. 2004 . Digital unity and digital divide: Surveying alumni to study effects of a campus laptop initiative . Journal of Research on Technology in Education , 36 : 297 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. , Shulman , G. M. and Houser , M. 1996 . The development of a learner empowerment measure . Communication Education , 45 : 181 – 199 . doi: 10.1080/03634529609379048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulk , J. 1993 . Social construction of communication technology . Academy of Management Journal , 36 : 921 – 950 . doi: 10.2307/256641
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilroy , M. 2004 . Invasion of the classroom cell phones . Education Digest , 69 : 56 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Houser , M. L. and Frymier , A. B. 2009 . The role of student characteristics and teacher behaviors in students' learner empowerment . Communication Education , 58 : 35 – 53 . doi: 10.1080/03634520802237383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Just , M. A. , Keller , T. A. and Cynkar , J. 2008 . A decrease in brain activation associated with driving when listening to someone speak . Brain Research , 1205 : 70 – 80 . doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraushaar , J. M. and Novak , D. C. 2010 . Examining the affects of student multitasking with laptops during the lecture . Journal of Information Systems Education , 21 : 241 – 251 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuznekoff , J. H. , & Titsworth , S. ( in press ). The impact of mobile phone usage on student learning . Communication Education .
   Google Scholar
• Ledbetter , A. M. 2009 . Measuring online communication attitude: Instrument development and validation . Communication Monographs , 76 : 463 – 486 . doi: 10.1080/03637750903300262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhart , A. , Ling , R. , Campbell , S. , & Purcell , K. 2010 . Teens and mobile phones . Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Teens-and-Mobile-Phones.aspx .
   Google Scholar
• Little , T. D. , Card , N. A. , Bovaird , J. A. , Preacher , K. and Crandall , C. S. 2007 . “ Structural equation modeling of mediation and moderation with contextual factors ” . In Modeling contextual effects in longitudinal studies , Edited by: Little , T. D. , Bovaird , J. A. and Card , N. A. 207 – 230 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Mackinnon , G. R. and Vibert , C. 2002 . Judging the constructive impacts of communication technologies: A business education study . Education and Information Technologies , 7 : 127 – 135 . doi: 10.1023/A:1020353710240
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. and Teven , J. J. 1999 . Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement . Communication Monographs , 66 : 90 – 103 . doi: 10.1080/03637759909376464
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mytelka , A. 2011 , April 4 . Classroom confrontation over student's laptop use leads to professor's arrest . Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/blogs/ticker/classroom-confrontation-over-students-laptop-use-leads-to-professors-arrest/31832 .
   Google Scholar
• Papacharissi , Z. and Rubin , A. M. 2000 . Predictors of Internet use . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 44 : 175 – 196 . doi: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plax , T. G. , Kearney , P. , McCroskey , J. C. and Richmond , V. P. 1986 . Power in the classroom VI: Verbal control strategies, nonverbal immediacy and affective learning . Communication Education , 35 : 43 – 55 . doi: 10.1080/03634528609388318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plymale , W. O. 2007 , May/June . Do we need discreet computing in instruction? . Educause Review , 84 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Sample , M. 2012 , March 20 . Best practices for laptops in the classroom . Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/best-practices-for-laptops-in-the-classroom/39064 .
   Google Scholar
• Schrodt , P. and Turman , P. D. 2006 . Student perceptions of teacher power as a function of perceived teacher confirmation . Communication Education , 55 : 265 – 297 . doi: 10.1080/03634520600702570
   Google Scholar
• Schrodt , P. and Witt , P. L. 2006 . Students' attributions of instructor credibility as a function of students' expectations of instructional technology use and nonverbal immediacy . Communication Education , 55 : 1 – 20 . doi: 10.1080/03634520500343335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrodt , P. , Witt , P. L. , Myers , S. A. , Turman , P. D. , Barton , M. H. and Jernberg , K. A. 2008 . Learner empowerment and teacher evaluations as functions of teacher power use in the college classroom . Communication Education , 57 : 180 – 200 . doi: 10.1080/03634520701840303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , C. R. and Timmerman , C. E. 2005 . Relating computer, communication, and computer-mediated communication apprehensions to new communication technology use in the workplace . Communication Research , 32 : 683 – 725 . doi: 10.1177/0093650205281054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , A. , Rainie , L. , & Zickuhr , K. 2011 . College students and technology . Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/College-students-and-technology/Report.aspx .
   Google Scholar
• Turman , P. D. and Schrodt , P. 2005 . The influence of instructional technology use on students' affect: Do course design and biological sex make a difference? . Communication Studies , 56 : 109 – 129 . doi: 10.1080/00089570500078726
   Google Scholar
• University of Chicago . 2008 , April 11 . University of Chicago eliminates Internet access in some classrooms . Retrieved from http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2008/04/11/university-chicago-law-school-eliminates-internet-access-some-classrooms .
   Google Scholar
• Wei , F.-Y. F. , Wang , T. K. and Klausner , M. 2012 . Rethinking college students' self-regulation and sustained attention: Does text messaging during class influence cognitive learning? . Communication Education , 61 : 185 – 204 . doi: 10.1080/03634523.2012.672755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeless , L. R. , Eddleman-Spears , L. , Magness , L. D. and Preiss , R. W. 2005 . Informational reception apprehension and information from technology aversion: Development and test of a new construct . Communication Quarterly , 53 : 143 – 158 . doi: 10.1080/01463370500090845
   Google Scholar
• Witt , P. L and Schrodt , P. 2006 . The influence of instructional technology use and teacher immediacy on student affect for teacher and course . Communication Reports , 19 : 1 – 15 . doi: 10.1080/08934210500309843
   Google Scholar
• Wood , E. , Zivcakova , L. , Gentile , P. , Archer , K. , De Pasquale , D. and Nosko , A. 2012 . Examining the impact of off-task multi-tasking with technology on real-time classroom learning . Computers & Education , 58 : 365 – 374 . doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar