900
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Instructional Feedback III: How Do Instructor Facework Tactics and Immediacy Cues Interact to Predict Student Perceptions of Being Mentored?

References

  • Abu Bakar, H., Dilbeck, K. E., & McCroskey, J. C. (2010). Mediating role of supervisory communication practices on relations between leader–member exchange and perceived employee commitment to workgroup. Communication Monographs, 77, 637–656. doi:10.1080/03637751.2010.499104
  • Andersen, J. F. (1979). Teacher immediacy as a predictor of teaching effectiveness. In D. Nimmo (Ed.), Communication yearbook 3 (pp. 543–559). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
  • Anderson, E., & Shannon, A. (1988). Toward a conceptualization of mentoring. Journal of Teacher Education, 58, 38–42.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480. doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.5.469
  • Bangert-Drowns, R. L., Kulik, C. C., Kulik, J. A., & Morgan, M. T. (1991). The instructional effect of feedback in test-like events. Review of Educational Research, 61, 213–238. doi:10.3102/00346543061002213
  • Bippus, A. M., Kearney, P., Plax, T. G., & Brooks, C. F. (2003). Teacher access and mentoring abilities: Predicting the outcome value of extra class communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 31, 260–275. doi:10.1080/00909880305379
  • Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Burleson, B. R., & Goldsmith, D. J. (1998). How the comforting process works: Alleviating emotional distress through conversationally induced reappraisals. In P. A. Andersen & L. K. Guerrero (Eds.), Handbook of communication and emotion: Research, theory, applications, and contexts (pp. 245–280). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Burton, J. P., Sablynski, C. J., & Sekieguchi, T. (2008). Linking justice, performance, and citizenship via leader–member exchange. Journal of Business Psychology, 23, 51–61. doi:10.1007/s10869-008-9075-z
  • Butler, D. L., & Winne, P. H. (1995). Feedback and self-regulated learning: A theoretical synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 65, 245–281. doi:10.3102/00346543065003245
  • Cazden, C. (1979). Language in education: Variation in the teacher-talk register. In J. Alatis & G. R. Tucker (Eds.), Georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics (pp. 144–162). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
  • Chamberlin, C. R. (2000). Nonverbal behaviors and initial impressions of trustworthiness in instructor–supervisor relationships. Communication Education, 49, 352–364. doi:10.1080/03634520009379223
  • Chesebro, J. L., & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). The relationship of teacher clarity and teacher immediacy with students' experiences of state receiver apprehension. Communication Quarterly, 46, 446–456. doi:10.1080/01463379809370114
  • Chesebro, J. L., & McCroskey, J. C. (2001). The relationship of teacher clarity and immediacy with student state receiver apprehension, affect, and cognitive learning. Communication Education, 50, 59–68. doi:10.1080/03634520109379232
  • Christophel, D. M., & Gorham, J. (1995). A test–retest analysis of student motivation, teacher immediacy, and perceived sources of motivation and demotivation in college classes. Communication Education, 44, 292–306. doi:10.1080/03634529509379020
  • Daloz, L. (1983). Mentors: Teachers who make a difference. Change, 15(6), 24–27. doi:10.1080/00091383.1983.10570000
  • Daly, J. A., & Vangelisti, A. L. (2003). Skillfully instructing learners: How communicators effectively convey messages. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interactions skills (pp. 871–908). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Dansereau, F., Graen, G., & Haga, W. J. (1975). A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13, 46–78. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(75)90005–7
  • Darnon, C., Muller, D., Schrager, S. M., Pannuzzo, N., & Butera, F. (2006). Mastery and performance goals predict epistemic and relational conflict regulation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 766–776. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.98.4.766
  • den Brok, P., Brekelmans, M., & Wubbels, T. (2004). Interpersonal teacher behaviour and student outcomes. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 15, 407–442. doi:10.1080/09243450512331383262
  • Domenici, K., & Littlejohn, S. W. (2006). Facework: Bridging theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Fix, B., & Sias, P. M. (2006). Person-centered communication, leader–member exchange, and employee job satisfaction. Communication Research Reports, 23, 35–44. doi:10.1080/17464090500535855
  • Frymier, A. B. (1993). The relationships among communication apprehension, immediacy, and motivation to study. Communication Reports, 6, 8–17. doi:10.1080/08934219309367556
  • Frymier, A. B. (1994). A model of immediacy in the classroom. Communication Quarterly, 42, 133–144. doi:10.1080/01463379409369922
  • Frymier, A. B., & Houser, M. L. (2000). The teacher–student relationship as an interpersonal relationship. Communication Education, 49, 207–219. doi:10.1080/03634520009379209
  • Frymier, A. B., Shulman, G. M., & Houser, M. L. (1996). The development of a learner empowerment measure. Communication Education, 45, 181–199. doi:10.1080/03634529609379048
  • Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.
  • Goldsmith, D. J. (1999). Content-based resources for giving face sensitive advice in troubles talk episodes. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 32, 303–336. doi:10.1207/s15327973rls3204_1
  • Goldsmith, D. J. (2000). Soliciting advice: The role of sequential placement in mitigating face threat. Communication Monographs, 67, 1–19. doi:10.1080/03637750009376492
  • Graen, G. B., Novak, M. A., & Sommerkamp, P. (1982). The effects of leader member exchange and job design on productivity and satisfaction: Testing a dual attachment model. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 30, 109–131. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(82)90236-7
  • Granitz, N. A., Koernig, S. K., & Harich, K. R. (2009). Now it's personal: Antecedents and outcomes of rapport between business faculty and their students. Journal of Marketing Education, 31, 52–65. doi:10.1177/0273475308326408
  • Hess, J. A., Smythe, M. J., & Communication 451 (2001). Is teacher immediacy actually related to student cognitive learning? Communication Studies, 52, 197–219. doi:10.1080/10510970109388554
  • Higgins, R., Hartley, P., & Skelton, A. (2002). The conscientious consumer: Reconsidering the role of assessment feedback in student learning. Studies in Higher Education, 27, 53–64. doi:10.1080/03075070120099368
  • Hughes, J., & Kwok, O. (2007). Influence of student–teacher and parent–teacher relationships on lower achieving readers' engagement and achievement in the primary grades. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 39–51. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.39
  • Jameson, J. K. (2004). Negotiating autonomy and connection through politeness: A dialectical approach to organizational conflict management. Western Journal of Communication, 68, 257–277. doi:10.1080/10570310409374801
  • Jenkins, J. M., & Keefe, J. W. (2002). Two schools: Two approaches to personalized education. Phi Delta Kappan, 83, 449–456.
  • Jenkins, M., & Dragojevic, M. (2011). Explaining the process of resistance to persuasion: A politeness theory-based approach. Communication Research, 40, 559–590. doi:10.1177/0093650211420136
  • Jian, G. (2012). Does culture matter? An examination of the association of immigrants' acculturation with workplace relationship quality. Management Communication Quarterly, 26, 295–321. doi:10.1177/0893318912440178
  • Kalbfleisch, P. J., & Davies, A. B. (1993). An interpersonal model for participation in mentoring relationships. Western Journal of Communication, 57, 399–415. doi:10.1080/10570319309374464
  • Kearney, P., & Plax, T. G. (1991). An attributional analysis of college students' resistance decisions. Communication Education, 40, 325–342. doi:10.1080/03634529109378858
  • Kearney, P., Plax, T. G., Smith, V. R., & Sorenson, G. (1988). Effects of teacher immediacy and strategy type on college student resistance to on-task demands. Communication Education, 37, 54–67. doi:10.1080/03634528809378703
  • Kerssen-Griep, J. (2001). Teacher communication activities relevant to student motivation: Classroom facework and instructional communication competence. Communication Education, 50, 256–273. doi:10.1080/03634520109379252
  • Kerssen-Griep, J., Hess, J. A., & Trees, A. R. (2003). Sustaining the desire to learn: Dimensions of perceived instructional facework related to student involvement and motivation to learn. Western Journal of Communication, 67, 357–381. doi:10.1080/10570310309374779
  • Kerssen-Griep, J., Trees, A. R., & Hess, J. A. (2008). Attentive facework during instructional feedback: Key to perceiving mentorship and an optimal learning environment. Communication Education, 57, 312–332. doi:10.1080/03634520802027347
  • Kerssen-Griep, J., & Witt, P. L. (2012). Instructional Feedback II: How do instructor immediacy cues and facework tactics interact to predict student motivation and fairness perceptions? Communication Studies, 63, 498–517. doi:10.1080/10510974.2011.632660
  • King, P. E., Schrodt, P., & Weisel, J. (2009). The instructional feedback orientation scale: Conceptualizing and validating a new measure for assessing perceptions of instructional feedback. Communication Education, 58, 235–261. doi:10.1080/03634520802515705
  • Kinicki, A. J., & Vecchio, R. P. (1994). Influences on the quality of supervisor–subordinate relations: The role of time-pressure, organizational commitment, and locus of control. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 75–82. doi:10.1002/job.4030150108
  • Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 254–284. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254
  • Kozanitis, A., Desbiens, J.-F., & Chouinard, R. (2007). Perception of teacher support and reaction towards questioning: Its relation to instrumental help-seeking and motivation to learn. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 19, 238–250.
  • Kram, K. E. (1985). Mentoring at work: Developmental relationships in organizational life. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
  • Lee, J. (2001). Leader–member exchange, perceived organizational justice, and cooperative communication. Management Communication Quarterly, 14, 574–589. doi:10.1177/0893318901144002
  • Lee, G., & Schallert, D. L. (2008). Constructing trust between teacher and students through feedback and revision cycles in an EFL writing classroom. Written Communication, 25, 506–537. doi:10.1177/0741088308322301
  • Lertzman. R. (1999). Living on the rim: Notes from the ontologically insecure. The Symposium, 1(6), 1–5.
  • Lim, T., & Bowers, J. W. (1991). Facework: Solidarity, approbation, and tact. Human Communication Research, 17, 415–450. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1991.tb00239.x
  • Lizzio, A., & Wilson, K. (2008). Feedback on assessment: Students' perceptions of quality and effectiveness. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 33, 263–275. doi:10.1080/02602930701292548
  • Madlock, P. E., Martin, M. M., Bogdan, L., & Ervin, M. (2007). The impact of communication traits on leader–member exchange. Human Communication, 10, 451–464.
  • Mansson, D. H., & Myers, S. A. (2012). Using mentoring enactment theory to explore the doctoral student–advisor mentoring relationship. Communication Education, 61, 309–334. doi:10.1080/03634523.2012.708424
  • McKay, V. C., & Estrella, J. (2008). First-generation student success: The role of faculty interaction in service learning courses. Communication Education, 57, 356–372. doi:10.1080/03634520801966123
  • Mehrabian, A. (1969). Some referents and measures of nonverbal behavior. Behavioral Research Methods and Instrumentation, 1, 213–217.
  • Mehrabian, A. (1971). Silent messages. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Moore, A., Masterson, J. T., Christophel, D. M., & Shea, K. A. (1996). College teacher immediacy and student ratings of instruction. Communication Education, 45, 29–39. doi:10.1080/03634529609379030
  • Myers, S. A. (2006). Using leader–member exchange theory to explain students' motives to communicate. Communication Quarterly, 54, 293–304. doi:10.1080/01463370600878008
  • Oetzel, J. G., & Ting-Toomey, S. (2003). Face concerns in interpersonal conflict: A cross-cultural empirical test of the face negotiation theory. Communication Research, 30, 599–624. doi:10.1177/0093650203257841
  • Parks, S. D. (2011). Big questions, worthy dreams: Mentoring emerging adults in their search for meaning, purpose, and faith. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Pascarella, E., & Terenzini, P. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research (Vol. 2). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Patrick, H., Ryan, A. M., & Kaplan, A. (2007). Early adolescents' perceptions of the classroom social environment, motivational beliefs, and engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 83–98. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.83
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2003). A motivational science perspective on the role of student motivation in learning and teaching contexts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 667–686. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.4.667
  • Piorkowski, J. L., & Scheurer, E. (2000). “It's in the way that they talk to you”: Increasing agency in basic writers through a social context of care. Journal of Basic Writing, 19, 72–92.
  • Plax, T. G., Kearney, P., McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1986). Power in the classroom VI: Verbal control strategies, nonverbal immediacy and affective learning. Communication Education, 35, 43–55. doi:10.1080/03634528609388318
  • Ragins, B. R., & Cotton, J. L. (1999). Mentor functions and outcomes: A comparison of men and women in formal and informal mentoring relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 529–550. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.84.4.529
  • Ragins, B. R., & McFarlin, D. B. (1990). Perceptions of mentor roles in cross-gender mentoring relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 321–339. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(90)90048-7
  • Richmond, V. P., Gorham, J. S., & McCroskey, J. C. (1987). The relationship between selected immediacy behaviors and cognitive learning. In M. L. McLaughlin (Ed.), Communication yearbook 10 (pp. 574–590). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Sabee, C. W., & Wilson, S. R. (2005). Students' primary goals, attributions, and facework during conversations about disappointing grades. Communication Education, 54, 185–204. doi:10.1080/03634520500356154
  • Samter, W. (2003). Friendship interaction skills across the life-span. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interactions skills (pp. 637–684). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Schrodt, P., & Witt, P. L. (2006). Students' attributions of instructor credibility as a function of students' expectations of instructional technology use and nonverbal immediacy. Communication Education, 55, 1–20. doi:10.1080/03634520500343335
  • Senko, C., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2005). Regulation of achievement goals: The role of competence feedback. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 320–336. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.320
  • Sias, P. M. (2005). Workplace relationships quality and employee information experience. Communication Studies, 56, 375–395. doi:10.1080/10510970500319450
  • Smith, C. D., & King, P. E. (2004). Student feedback sensitivity and the efficacy of feedback interventions in public speaking performance improvement. Communication Education, 53, 203–216. doi:10.1080/0363452042000265152
  • Smythe, M. J., & Hess, J. A. (2005). Are student self-reports a valid method for measuring teacher nonverbal immediacy? Communication Education, 54, 170–179. doi:10.1080/03634520500213389
  • Stowers, R. H., & Barker, R. T. (2010). The coaching and mentoring process: The obvious knowledge and skill set for organizational communication professors. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 40, 363–371. doi:10.2190/tw.40.3.g
  • Teven, J. J., & Hanson, T. L. (2004). The impact of teacher immediacy and perceived caring on teacher competence and trustworthiness. Communication Quarterly, 52, 39–53.
  • Tinto, V. (2006). Research and practice of student retention: What next? Journal of College Student Retention, 8, 1–19. doi:10.1080/01463370409370177
  • Trees, A. R., Kerssen-Griep, J., & Hess, J. A. (2009). Earning influence by communicating respect: Facework's contributions to effective instructional feedback. Communication Education, 58, 397–416. doi:10.1080/03634520802613419
  • Turner, J. E., Husman, J., & Schallert, D. L. (2002). The importance of students' goals in their emotional experiences of academic failure: Investigating the precursors and consequences of shame. Educational Psychologist, 37, 79–89. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3702_3
  • Värlander, S. (2008). The role of students' emotions in formal feedback situations. Teaching in Higher Education, 13, 145–156. doi:10.1080/13562510801923195
  • Waldeck, J. H. (2007). Answering the question: Student perceptions of personalized education and the construct's relationship to learning outcomes. Communication Education, 56, 409–432. doi:10.1080/03634520701400090
  • Waldeck, J. H., Orrego, V. O., Plax, T. G., & Kearney, P. (1997). Graduate student/faculty mentoring: Who gets mentored, how it happens, and to what end. Communication Quarterly, 45, 93–109. doi:10.1080/01463379709370054
  • Waldron, V. R., & Sanderson, J. (2011). The role of subjective threat in upward influence situations. Communication Quarterly, 59, 239–254. doi:10.1080/01463373.2011.563444
  • Wang, T. R. (2014). Formational turning points in the transition to college: Understanding how communication events shape first-generation students' pedagogical and interpersonal relationships with their college teachers. Communication Education, 63, 63–82. doi:10.1080/03634523.2013.841970.
  • Wilson, S. R., & Kunkel, A. W. (2000). Identity implications of influence goals: Similarities in perceived face threats and facework across sex and close relationships. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 19, 195–221. doi:10.1177/0261927x00019002002
  • Wilson, S. R., Aleman, C. G., & Leatham, G. B. (1998). Identity implications of influence goals: A revised analysis of face-threatening acts and application to seeking compliance with same sex friends. Human Communication Research, 25, 64–96. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1998.tb00437.x
  • Witt, P. L., & Kerssen-Griep, J. (2011). Instructional Feedback I: The interaction of facework and immediacy on students' perceptions of instructor credibility. Communication Education, 60, 75–94. doi:10.1080/03634523.2010.507820
  • Witt, P. L., & Schrodt, P. (2006). The influence of instructional technology use and teacher immediacy on student affect for teacher and course. Communication Reports, 19, 1–15. doi:10.1080/08934210500309843
  • Witt, P. L., & Wheeless, L. R. (2001). An experimental study of teachers' verbal and nonverbal immediacy and students' affective and cognitive learning. Communication Education, 50, 327–342. doi:10.1080/03634520109379259
  • Witt, P. L., Wheeless, L. R., & Allen, M. (2004). A meta-analytical review of the relationship between teacher immediacy and student learning. Communication Monographs, 71, 184–207. doi:10.1080/036452042000228054
  • Witt, P. L., Schrodt, P., & Turman, P. D. (2010). Teacher immediacy: Connection, community, and classroom learning. In D. Fassett & J. Warren (Eds.), Handbook of communication and instruction (pp. 201–219). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Wright, K. S. (1992). From the Odyssey to the university: What is this thing called mentoring? ACA Bulletin, 79, 45–53.
  • Yrle, A. C., Hartman, S. J., & Galle, W. P. (2002). An investigation of relationship between communication style and leader–member exchange. Journal of Communication Management, 6, 257–269. doi:10.1108/13632540210807099
  • Zhang, Q., & Oetzel, J. G. (2006). Constructing and validating a teacher immediacy scale: A Chinese perspective. Communication Education, 55, 218–241. doi:10.1080/03634520600566231
  • Zimmerman, B. B., & Paul, D. (2007). Technical communication teachers as mentors in the classroom: Extending an invitation to students. Technical Communication Quarterly, 16, 175–200. doi:10.1207/s15427625tcq1602_2

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.