21
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A comparison of norm‐referenced and criterion‐referenced measurement with implications for communication instruction

, &
Pages 1-17 | Published online: 18 May 2009

  • Elam , Stanley . 1970 . “The Age of Accountability Dawns in Texarkana” . Phi Delta Kappan , 51 June : 509 – 515 .
  • Lessinger , Leon M. 1970 . “Accountability in Public Education” . Today's Education , 59 May : 52 – 53 .
  • Tyler , Ralph W. 1951 . “The Functions of Measurement in Improving Instruction” . In Educational Measurement , Edited by: Lindquist , E. F. Menasha, Washington : George Banta Publishing .
  • Glaser , Robert . 1963 . “Instructional Technology and the Measurement of Learning Outcomes: Some Questions” . American Psychologist , 18 August : 519 – 521 .
  • Popham , W. J. and Husek , T. R. 1969 . “Implications of Criterion‐Referenced Measurement” . Journal of Educational Measurement , 6 Spring : 1 – 9 .
  • Ward , John . 1970 . “On the Concepts of Criterion‐Referenced Measurement” . Journal of British Educational Psychology , 60 November : 314 – 323 .
  • Shoemaker , D. M. 1971 . “Criterion‐Referenced Measurement Revisited” . Educational Technology , 11 March : 61 – 62 .
  • Payne , D. A. 1968 . The Specification and Measurement of Learning Outcomes , London : Blaisdell Publishing Co. .
  • Block , J. H. 1971 . “Criterion‐Referenced Measurements: Potential” . School Review , 79 February : 289 – 297 .
  • Mitzel , Harold E. 1970 . “The Impending Instruction Revolution” . Phi Delta Kappan , 51 April : 434 – 439 .
  • Hambleton , R. K. 1972 . “Toward a Theory of Criterion‐Referenced Tests” . paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Conference on Measurement in Education . April 1972 , Chicago.
  • Popham , W. J. , ed. 1971 . Criterion‐Referenced Measurement: An Introduction , Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Educational Technology Publications .
  • Campbell , P. B. and Beers , J. S. 1971 . “Evaluation: State of the Art” . paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association . February 1971 , New York.
  • Davis , F. B. 1971 . “Criterion‐Referenced Measurement” . paper presented at the annual conference of the American Educational Research Association . February 1971 , New York.
  • Hills , J. R. and Ivens , S. H. 1971 . “Reliability, Validity, and Item Analysis for Criterion‐Referenced Measurement” . paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association . February 1971 , New York.
  • Nixon , Richard M. 1970 . “Message on Higher Education” . Presidential Address
  • Mortimer , K. P. 1972 . Accountability in Higher Education , Washington : American Association on Higher Education .
  • Kibler , R. J. , Barker , L. L. and Miles , D. T. 1970 . Behavioral Objectives and Instruction , Boston : Allyn and Bacon, Inc. .
  • Kibler , R. J. , Barker , L. L. and Cegala , D. J. 1970 . “Behavioral Objectives and Speech‐Communication Instruction” . Central States Speech Journal , 21 Summer : 71 – 80 .
  • Kibler , R. J. , Barker , L. L. and Cegala , D. J. 1970 . “A Rationale for Using Behavioral Objectives in Speech‐Communication Instruction” . Speech Teacher , 19 November : 245 – 256 .
  • Gruner , C. R. 1968 . “Behavioral Objectives for the Grading of Classroom Speeches” . Speech Teacher , 17 September : 207 – 209 .
  • Allen , R. R. and Willmington , S. C. 1972 . Speech Communication in the Secondary School , Boston : Allyn and Bacon, Inc. .
  • Clark , M. L. , Erway , E. A. and Beltzer , L. 1971 . The Learning Encounter: The Classroom as a Communications Workshop , New York : Random House .
  • Reid , Loren . 1971 . Teaching Speech , 4th ed. , New York : McGraw‐Hill Book Co. .
  • DeCecco , J. P. 1968 . The Psychology of Learning and Instruction: Educational Psychology , 610 – 612 . Engle‐wood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall .
  • Cronbach , L. J. 1969 . “Validation of Educational Measures” . In Proceedings of the 1969 Invitational Conference on Testing Problems , Princeton, N.J. : Educational Testing Service, November .
  • Nitko , A. J. 1970 . “Criterion‐Referenced Testing in the Context of Instruction” . paper presented at the annual meeting of the Educational Records Bureau—National Council on Measurement in Education Symposium . October 1970 , New York.
  • McCroskey , J. C. 1966 . “Scales for the Measurement of Ethos” . Speech Monographs , 31 March : 65 – 72 .
  • Porter , D. T. and King , G. W. 1972 . “The Use of Video‐tape Equipment in Improving Oral Interpretation Performance” . Speech Teacher , 21 March : 99 – 106 .
  • Jackson , Rex . 1970 . “Developing Criterion‐Referenced Tests” . Princeton, N.J. : Educational Testing Service . T M Reports, No. 15
  • Osburn , H. G. 1968 . “Item Sampling for Achievement Testing” . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 28 Spring : 95 – 104 .
  • Gagné , R. M. 1965 . The Conditions of Learning , New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston .
  • Bloom , B. S. 1956 . Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook I: Cognitive Domain , New York : David MacKay So., Inc. .
  • Ebel , R. L. 1965 . Measuring Educational Achievement , 380 – 382 . Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall, Inc. .
  • Thorndike , R. L. and Hagen , E. 1955 . Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education , 162 New York : John Wiley and Sons, Inc. .
  • Ross , C. C. and Stanley , J. C. 1954 . Measurement in Today's Schools , 101 Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall, Inc. .
  • Glaser , R. and Nitko , A. J. 1971 . “Measurement in Learning and Instruction” . In Educational Measurement , Edited by: Thorndike , R. L. Washington : American Council on Education .
  • Kriewall , T. E. 1972 . “Aspects and Applications o£ Criterion‐Referenced Tests” . paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association . April 1972 , Chicago.
  • Block , J. H. 1970 . “The Effects of Various Levels of Performance on Selected Cognitive, Affective and Time Variables” . University of Chicago . Diss.
  • Nunnally , J. C. 1967 . Psychometric Theory , New York : McGraw‐Hill Co. .
  • Payne , D. A. 1968 . The Specification and Measurement of Learning Outcomes , Waltham, Mass. : Blaisdell Publishing Co. .
  • Thorndike , R. L. , ed. 1971 . Educational Measurement , Washington : American Council on Education .
  • Livingston , S. A. 1970 . “The Reliability of Criterion‐Referenced Measures” . Baltimore : Center for the Study of Social Organization of the Schools, The Johns Hopkins University . Report No. 73
  • Cox , R. C. and Vargas , J. S. 1966 . “A Comparison of Item Selection Techniques for Norm‐Referenced and Criterion‐Referenced Tests” . symposium presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education . February 1966 , Chicago.
  • Popham , W. J. 1970 . “Indices of Adequacy for Criterion‐Referenced Test Items” . symposium presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association and the National Council on Measurement in Education . March 1970 , Minneapolis, Minnesota.
  • Hsu , Tse‐Chi . 1971 . “Empirical Data on Criterion‐Referenced Tests” . paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association . February 1971 , New York.
  • Livingston , S. A. 1972 . “Criterion‐Referenced Applications of Classical Test Theory” . Journal of Educational Measurement , 9 Spring : 13 – 27 .
  • Harris , C. W. 1972 . “An Interpretation of Livingston's Reliability Coefficient for Criterion‐Referenced Tests” . Journal of Educational Measurement , 9 Spring : 31 – 33 .
  • Scriven , M. R. 1967 . “The Methodology of Evaluation” . In Perspectives on Curriculum Evaluation , Edited by: Stake , R. 39 – 83 . Chicago : Rand McNally & Co. .
  • Airasian , P. W. 1971 . “The Role of Evaluation in Mastery Learning” . In Mastery Learning: Theory and Practice , Edited by: Block , J. H. 77 – 89 . New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
  • Block , J. H. 1971 . “Operating Procedures for Mastery Learning” . In Mastery Learning: Theory and Practice , Edited by: Block , J. H. 64 – 77 . New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
  • Bloom , B. S. , Hastings , J. T. and Madaus , G. F. 1971 . Handbook on Formative and Summative Evaluation of Learning , 13 – 14 . New York : McGraw‐Hill .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.