130
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Factors affecting children's enjoyment of a frightening film sequence

&
Pages 41-62 | Published online: 02 Jun 2009

References

  • Albert , R.S. 1957 . The role of mass media and the effect of aggressive film content upon children's aggressive responses and identification choices . Genetic Psychology Monographs , 55 : 221 – 285 .
  • Anderson , N.H. 1980 . “ Information integration theory in developmental psychology. ” . In Information integration by children , Edited by: Wilkening , F. , Becker , J. and Trabasso , T. 1 – 45 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Bandura , A. , Ross , D. and Ross , S.A. 1963 . Vicarious reinforcement and imitative learning . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 67 : 601 – 607 .
  • Barden , R.C. , Garber , J. , Leiman , B. , Ford , M.E. and Masters , J.C. 1985 . Factors governing the effective remediation of negative affect and its cognitive and behavioral consequences . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 49 : 1040 – 1053 .
  • Brewer , W.F. and Lichtenstein , E.H. 1981 . “ Event schemas, story schemas, and story grammars. ” . In Attention and performance , Edited by: Long , J. and Baddeley , A. Vol. IX , 363 – 379 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Campos , J.J. and Barrett , K.C. 1984 . “ Toward a new understanding of emotions and their development. ” . In Emotions, cognitions, and behavior , Edited by: Izard , C.E. , Kagan , J. and Zajonc , R.B. 229 – 263 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Cantor , J. 1991 . “ Fright responses to mass media productions. ” . In Responding to the screen: Reception and reaction processes , Edited by: Bryant , J. and Zillmann , D. 169 – 197 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Cantor , J. and Hoffner , C. . Children's reports of media events that produce happiness and sadness . Paper to be presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development . Seattle. April ,
  • Cantor , J. and Reilly , S. 1982 . Adolescents’ fright reactions to television and films . Journal of Communication , 32 (1) : 87 – 99 .
  • Cantor , J. and Wilson , B.J. 1988 . Helping children cope with frightening media presentations . Current Psychology: Research & Reviews , 7 : 58 – 75 .
  • Cantor , J. , Ziemke , D. and Sparks , G.G. 1984 . Effect of forewarning on emotional responses to a horror film . Journal of Broadcasting , 28 : 21 – 31 .
  • Cohen , J. and Cohen , P. 1983 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , (2nd ed.) , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Comisky , P. and Bryant , J. 1982 . Factors involved in generating suspense . Human Communication Research , 9 : 49 – 58 .
  • Crawford , D. , Friesen , D. and Tomlinson‐Keasey , C. 1977 . Effects of cognitively induced anxiety on hand temperature . Biofeedback and Self‐Regulation , 2 : 139 – 146 .
  • von Feilitzen , C. and Linne , O. 1975 . Identifying with television characters . Journal of Communication , 25 (4) : 51 – 55 .
  • Hansen , C.H. and Hansen , R.D. 1990 . The influence of sex and violence on the appeal of rock musicvideos . Communication Research , 17 : 212 – 234 .
  • Hare , R.D. and Blevings , G. 1975 . Defensive reactions to phobic stimuli . Biological Psychology , 3 : 1 – 13 .
  • Himmelweit , H.T. , Oppenheim , A.N. and Vince , P. 1958 . Television and the child , London : Oxford University Press .
  • Hodgson , R. and Rachman , S. 1974 . Desynchrony in measures of fear . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 12 : 319 – 326 .
  • Hoffher , C. . Adolescents’ preference for and coping with frightening mass media: The role of dispositional empathy. . Paper presented at the meeting of the International Communication Association . Dublin, Ireland. June ,
  • Hoffher , C. and Cantor , J. 1990 . Forewarning of a threat and prior knowledge of outcome: Effects on children's emotional responses to a film sequence . Human Communication Research , 16 : 323 – 354 .
  • Hoffner , C. and Cantor , J. 1991 . “ Perceiving and responding to mass media characters. ” . In Responding to the screen: Reception and reaction processes , Edited by: Bryant , J. and Zillmann , D. 63 – 101 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Izard , C.E. , Dougherty , L.M. and Hembree , E.A. 1983 . A system for identifying affect expressions by holistic judgements (Affex) , (revised edition) , Newark : Instructional Resources Center, University of Delaware .
  • Jaccard , J. , Turrisi , R. and Wan , C.K. 1990 . Interaction effects in multiple regression , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Jose , P.E. and Brewer , W.F. 1984 . Development of story liking: Character identification, suspense, and outcome resolution . Developmental Psychology , 20 : 911 – 924 .
  • Lacey , J.I. and Lacey , B.C. 1958 . Verification and extension of the principle of autonomic response stereotypy . American Journal of Psychology , 71 : 50 – 73 .
  • Lang , P.J. 1971 . “ The application of psychophysiological methods to the study of psychotherapy and behavior modification. ” . In Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change , Edited by: Bergin , A.E. and Garfield , S.L. 75 – 125 . New York : Wiley .
  • Lang , P.J. 1984 . “ Cognition in emotion: Concept and action. ” . In Emotions, cognition, and behavior , Edited by: Izard , C.E. , Kagan , J. and Zajonc , R.B. 192 – 226 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Nomikos , M.S. , Opton , E. Jr. , Averill , J.R. and Lazarus , R.S. 1968 . Surprise versus suspense in the production of a stress reaction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 8 : 204 – 208 .
  • Obrist , P. 1976 . The cardiovascular‐behavioral interaction—as it appears today . Psychophysiology , 13 : 95 – 107 .
  • Palmer , F.L. , Hockett , A.B. and Dean , W.W. 1983 . The television family and children's fright reactions . Journal of Family Issues , 4 : 279 – 292 .
  • Paterson , R.J. and Neufeld , R.W.J. 1987 . Clear danger: Situational determinants of the appraisal of threat . Psychological Bulletin , 101 : 404 – 416 .
  • Plutchik , R. 1956 . The psychophysiology of skin temperature: A critical review . The Journal of Genetic Psychology , 55 : 249 – 268 .
  • Schwartz , G.E. 1982 . “ Psychophysiological patterning and emotion revisited: A systems perspective. ” . In Measuring emotions in infants and children , Edited by: Izard , C.E. 67 – 93 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Schwartz , G.E. and Weinberger , D.A. 1980 . Patterns of emotional responses to affective situations: Relations among happiness, sadness, anger, fear, depression, and anxiety . Motivation and Emotion , 4 : 175 – 194 .
  • Sparks , G.G. 1986a . Developing a scale to assess cognitive responses to frightening films . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 30 : 65 – 73 .
  • Sparks , G.G. 1986b . Developmental differences in children's reports of fear induced by the mass media . Child Study Journal , 16 : 55 – 66 .
  • Sparks , G.G. . The relationship between distress and delight in males’ and females’ reactions to frightening films. . Paper presented to the meeting of the International Communication Association . San Francisco. May ,
  • Sparks , G.G. and Cantor , J. 1986 . Developmental differences in fright responses to a television program depicting a character transformation . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 30 : 309 – 323 .
  • Tamborini , R. and Stiff , J. 1987 . Predictors of horror film attendance and appeal: An analysis of the audience for frightening films . Communication Research , 14 : 415 – 436 .
  • Tamborini , R. , Stiff , J. and Heidel , C. 1990 . Reacting to graphic horror: A model of empathy and emotional behavior . Communication Research , 17 : 616 – 640 .
  • Tamborini , R. , Stiff , J. and Zillmann , D. 1987 . Preference for graphic horror featuring male versus female victimization . Human Communication Research , 13 : 529 – 552 .
  • Tannenbaum , P.H. and Gaer , E.P. 1965 . Mood change as a function of stress of protagonist and degree of identification in a film‐viewing situation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2 : 612 – 616 .
  • Wilson , B.J. , Cantor , J. , Gordon , L. and Zillmann , D. 1986 . Affective responses of nonretarded and retarded children to the emotions of a protagonist . Child Study Journal , 16 : 77 – 93 .
  • Zillmann , D. 1980 . “ Anatomy of suspense. ” . In The entertainment functions of television , Edited by: Tannenbaum , P.H. 133 – 163 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Zillmann , D. 1984 . “ Transfer of excitation in emotional behavior. ” . In Social psychophysiology: A sourcebook , Edited by: Cacioppo , J.T. and Petty , R.E. 215 – 240 . New York : Guilford Press .
  • Zillmann , D. and Cantor , J.R. 1976 . “ A disposition theory of humor and mirth. ” . In Humour and laughter: Theory, research, and applications , Edited by: Chapman , A.J. and Foot , H.C. 93 – 115 . London : Wiley .
  • Zillmann , D. and Cantor , J.R. 1977 . Affective responses to the emotions of a protagonist . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 13 : 155 – 165 .
  • Zillmann , D. , Hay , T.A. and Bryant , J. 1975 . The effect of suspense and its resolution on the appreciation of dramatic presentations . Journal of Research in Personality , 9 : 307 – 323 .
  • Zillmann , D. , Weaver , J.B. , Mundorf , N. and Aust , C.F. 1986 . Effects of opposite‐gender companion's affect to horror on distress, delight, and attraction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 586 – 594 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.