270
Views
78
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Use of inoculation to promote resistance to smoking initiation among adolescents

, &
Pages 213-230 | Published online: 02 Jun 2009

References

  • Alexander , H.M. , Callcott , R. , Dobson , A.J. , Hardes , G.R. , Lloyd , D.M. , O'Connell , D.L. and Leeder , S.R. 1983 . Cigarette smoking and drug use in schoolchildren: IV—Factors associated with changes in smoking behavior . International Journal of Epidemiology , 12 : 59 – 66 .
  • Anderson , L.R. and McGuire , W.J. 1965 . Prior reassurance of group consensus as a factor in producing resistance to persuasion . Sociometry , 28 : 44 – 56 .
  • Barton , J. , Chassin , L. , Presson , C.C. and Sherman , S.J. 1982 . Social image factors as motivators of smoking initiation in early and middle adolescence . Child Development , 53 : 1499 – 1511 .
  • Becker , B.J. 1986 . “ Influence again: Another look at studies of gender differences in social influence. ” . In The psychology of gender: Advances through meta‐analysis , Edited by: Hyde , J.S. and Linn , M.C. 178 – 209 . Baltimore, MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Bernstein , D.A. and McAlister , A.L. 1976 . The modification of smoking behavior . Addictive Behaviors , 1 : 89 – 102 .
  • Best , J.A. , Thomson , S.J. , Santi , S.M. , Smith , E.A. and Brown , K.S. 1988 . Preventing cigarette smoking among school children . Annual Review of Public Health , 9 : 161 – 201 .
  • Bewley , B.R. and Bland , J.M. 1977 . Academic performance and social factors related to cigarette smoking by schoolchildren . British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine , 31 : 18 – 24 .
  • Biglan , A. and Ary , D.V. 1985 . “ Methodological issues in research on smoking prevention. ” . In Prevention research: Deterring drug abuse among children and adolescents , Edited by: Bell , C.S. and Battjes , R. 170 – 195 . Rockville, MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse .
  • Botvin , G.J. 1982 . “ Broadening the focus of smoking prevention strategies. ” . In Promoting adolescent health: A dialogue on research and practice , Edited by: Coates , T.J. , Petersen , A.C. and Perry , C. 137 – 147 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Botvin , G.J. , Renick , N.L. and Baker , E. 1983 . The effects of scheduling format and booster sessions on a broad‐spectrum psychosocial approach to smoking prevention . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 6 : 359 – 379 .
  • Burgoon , M. , Cohen , M. , Miller , M.D. and Montgomery , C.L. 1978 . An empirical test of a model of resistance to persuasion . Human Communication Research , 5 : 27 – 39 .
  • Centers for Disease Control . 1991 . Cigarette smoking among youth—United States, 1989 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 41 : 712 – 715 .
  • Chassin , L. , Corty , E. , Presson , C.C. , Olshavsky , R.W. , Bensenberg , M. and Sherman , S.J. 1981 . Predicting adolescents’ intentions to smoke cigarettes . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 22 : 445 – 455 .
  • Cook , T.D. 1985 . “ Priorities in research in smoking prevention. ” . In Prevention research: Deterring drug abuse among children and adolescents , Edited by: Bell , C.S. and Battjes , R. 196 – 220 . Rockville, MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse .
  • Cooper , H.M. 1979 . Statistically combining independent studies: A meta‐analysis of sex differences in conformity research . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 : 131 – 146 .
  • Coopersmith , S. 1967 . The antecedents of self‐esteem , San Francisco : W.H. Freeman & Company .
  • Cronbach , L.J. 1951 . Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests . Psychometrika , 16 : 297 – 334 .
  • Cronkhite , G. 1969 . Persuasion: Speech and behavioral change , New York : The Bobbs‐Merrill Company, Inc. .
  • Department of Health and Human Services . 1989 . 1989 Surgeon General's report: Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office . (DHHS Publication No. CDC 89–8411)
  • Eagly , A.H. 1978 . Sex differences in influenceability . Psychological Bulletin , 85 : 86 – 116 .
  • Eagly , A.H. 1987 . Sex differences in social behavior: A social‐role interpretation , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Eagly , A.H. and Carli , L.L. 1981 . Sex of researchers and sex‐typed communications as determinants of sex differences in influenceability: A meta‐analysis of social influence studies . Psychological Bulletin , 90 : 1 – 20 .
  • Einsiedel , E.F. and Cochrane , K. 1988 . Using social marketing and theoretical perspectives for health campaigns to adolescents. . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association . June 1988 , New Orleans, LA.
  • Elder , J.P. and Stern , R.A. 1986 . The ABCs of adolescent smoking prevention: An environment and skills model . Health Education Quarterly , 13 : 181 – 191 .
  • Evans , R.I. and Raines , B.E. 1982 . “ Control and prevention of smoking in adolescents: A psychosocial perspective. ” . In Promoting adolescent health: A dialogue on research and practice , Edited by: Coates , T.J. , Petersen , A.C. and Perry , C. 101 – 136 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Evans , R.I. , Rozelle , R.M. , Maxwell , S.E. , Raines , B.E. , Dill , C.A. , Guthrie , T.J. , Henderson , A.H. and Hill , P.C. 1981 . Social modeling films to deter smoking in adolescents: Results of a three‐year field investigation . Journal of Applied Psychology , 66 : 399 – 414 .
  • Evans , R.I. , Rozelle , R.M. and Mittlemark , M.B. 1978 . Deterring the onset of smoking in children . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 8 : 126 – 135 .
  • Flay , B.R. 1985 . Prosocial approaches to smoking prevention: A review of findings . Health Psychology , 4 : 449 – 488 .
  • Flay , B.R. , d'Avernas , R.J. , Best , J.A. , Kersell , M.W. and Ryan , K.B. 1983 . “ Cigarette smoking: Why young people do it and ways of preventing it. ” . In Pediatric and adolescent behavioral medicine , Edited by: McGrath , P.J. and Firestone , P. 132 – 183 . New York : Springer .
  • Foon , A.E. 1986 . Smoking prevention programs for adolescents: The value of social psychological approaches . The International Journal of the Addictions , 21 : 1017 – 1029 .
  • Friedman , L.S. , Lichtenstein , E. and Biglan , A. 1985 . Smoking onset among teens: An empirical analysis of initial situations . Addictive Behaviors , 10 : 1 – 13 .
  • Goldberg , M.E. and Garn , G.J. 1982 . Increasing the involvement of teenage cigarette smokers in antismoking campaigns . Journal of Communication , 32 (1) : 75 – 86 .
  • Gordon , N.P. 1986 . Never smokers, triers and current smokers: Three distinct target groups for school‐based antismoking programs . Health Education Quarterly , 13 : 163 – 179 .
  • Gottlieb , N. and Baker , J. 1986 . The relative influence of health beliefs, parental and peer behaviors and exercise program participation on smoking, alcohol use and physical activity . Social Science and Medicine , 22 : 915 – 927 .
  • Hamburg , D.A. 1979 . Disease prevention: The challenge of the future . American Journal of Public Health , 69 : 1026 – 1033 .
  • Hansen , W.B. , Malotte , C.K. and Fielding , J.E. 1988 . Evaluation of a tobacco and alcohol abuse prevention curriculum for adolescents . Health Education Quarterly , 15 : 93 – 114 .
  • Harken , L.S. 1987 . The prevention of adolescent smoking: A public health priority . Evaluation & the Health Professions , 10 : 373 – 393 .
  • Hunt , W. , Barnett , L. and Branch , L.G. 1971 . Relapse rates in addiction programs . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 27 : 455 – 456 .
  • Johnson , B.W. , Redfield , D.L. , Miller , R.I. and Simpson , R.E. 1983 . The Coopersmith self‐esteem inventory: A construct validation study . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 43 : 907 – 913 .
  • Johnson , C.A. 1982 . “ Untested and erroneous assumptions underlying antismoking programs. ” . In Promoting adolescent health: A dialogue on research and practice , Edited by: Coates , T.J. , Petersen , A.C. and Perry , C. 149 – 165 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Johnson , C.A. , Hansen , W.B. , Collins , L.M. and Graham , J.W. 1986 . High‐school smoking prevention: Results of a three‐year longitudinal study . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 9 : 439 – 452 .
  • Killen , J.D. 1985 . Prevention of adolescent tobacco smoking: The social pressure resistance training approach . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 26 : 7 – 15 .
  • Kirk , R.E. 1982 . Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences , (2nd ed.) , Belmont, CA : Brooks/Cole .
  • Maccoby , E.E. and Jacklin , C.N. 1974 . The psychology of sex differences , Palo Alto, CA : Stanford University Press .
  • McAlister , A.L. , Perry , C. and Maccoby , N. 1979 . Adolescent smoking: Onset and prevention . Pediatrics , 63 : 650 – 658 .
  • McCaul , K.D. and Glasgow , R.E. 1985 . Preventing adolescent smoking: What we have learned about treatment construct validity? . Health Psychology , 4 : 361 – 387 .
  • McCaul , K.D. , Glasgow , R. , O'Neill , H.K. , Freeborn , V. and Rump , B.S. 1982 . Predicting adolescent smoking . The Journal of School Health , 52 (6) : 342 – 346 .
  • McGuire , W.J. 1961a . The effectiveness of supportive and refutational defenses in immunizing and restoring beliefs against persuasion . Sociometry , 24 : 184 – 197 .
  • McGuire , W.J. 1961b . Resistance to persuasion conferred by active and passive prior refutation of the same and alternative counterarguments . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 63 : 326 – 332 .
  • McGuire , W.J. 1962 . Persistence of the resistance to persuasion induced by various types of prior belief defenses . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 64 : 241 – 248 .
  • McGuire , W.J. 1964 . “ Inducing resistance to persuasion. Some contemporary approaches. ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 1 , 191 – 229 . New York : Academic Press .
  • McGuire , W.J. 1969 . “ The nature of attitudes and attitude change. ” . In The handbook of social psychology , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Lindzey , G. and Aronson , E. Vol. 3 , 136 – 314 . Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley .
  • McGuire , W.J. 1970 . A vaccine for brainwash . Psychology Today , 3 February : 36 – 39 . 63 – 64 .
  • McGuire , W.J. and Papageorgis , D. 1961 . The relative efficacy of various types of prior belief‐defense in producing immunity against persuasion . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 62 : 327 – 337 .
  • McGuire , W.J. and Papageorgis , D. 1962 . Effectiveness of forewarning in developing resistance to persuasion . Public Opinion Quarterly , 26 : 24 – 34 .
  • Mettlin , C. 1976 . Peer and other influences on smoking behavior . The Journal of School Health , 46 : 529 – 536 .
  • Miller , G.R. and Burgoon , M. 1973 . New techniques of persuasion , New York : Harper & Row .
  • Miller , G.R. , Burgoon , M. and Burgoon , J.K. 1984 . “ The functions of human communication in changing attitudes and gaining compliance. ” . In Handbook of rhetorical and communication theory , Edited by: Arnold , C.C. and Bowers , J.W. 400 – 474 . Boston : Allyn and Bacon, Inc. .
  • Miller , M.D. and Burgoon , M. 1979 . The relationship between violations of expectations and the induction of resistance to persuasion . Human Communication Research , 5 : 301 – 313 .
  • Murray , D.M. , Davis‐Hearn , M. , Goldman , A.I. , Pirie , P. and Luepker , R.V. 1988 . Four‐ and five‐year follow‐up results from four seventh‐grade smoking prevention strategies . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 11 : 395 – 405 .
  • Murray , D.M. , Richards , P.S. , Luepker , R.V. and Johnson , C.A. 1987 . The prevention of cigarette smoking in children: Two‐ and three‐year follow‐up comparisons of four prevention strategies . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 10 : 595 – 611 .
  • O'Neill , H.K. , Glasgow , R.E. and McCaul , K.D. 1983 . Component analysis in smoking prevention research: Effects of social consequences information . Addictive Behaviors , 8 : 419 – 423 .
  • O'Rourke , A.H. , O'Byrne , D.J. and Wilson‐Davis , K. 1983 . Smoking among schoolchildren . Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners , 33 : 569 – 572 .
  • Papageorgis , D. and McGuire , W.J. 1961 . The generality of immunity to persuasion produced by pre‐exposure to weakened counterarguments . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 62 : 475 – 481 .
  • Pechacek , T.F. and McAlister , A.K. 1980 . “ Strategies for the modification of smoking behavior: Treatment and prevention. ” . In The comprehensive handbook of behavioral medicine , Edited by: Gerguson , T. Vol. 3 , 257 – 298 . New York : Spectrum Publications, Inc. .
  • Pederson , L.L. and Lefcoe , N.M. 1982 . Multivariate analysis of variables related to cigarette smoking among children in grades four to six . Canadian Journal of Public Health , 73 : 172 – 175 .
  • Perry , C.L. 1987 . Results of prevention programs with adolescents . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 20 : 13 – 19 .
  • Perry , C.L. , Killen , J. and Slinkard , L.A. 1980 . Peer teaching and smoking prevention among junior high students . Adolescence , 40 : 275 – 281 .
  • Pfau , M. 1990 . A channel approach to television influence . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 34 : 1 – 20 .
  • Pfau , M. 1992 . The potential of inoculation in promoting resistance to the effectiveness of comparative advertising messages . Communication Quarterly , 40 : 26 – 44 .
  • Pfau , M. and Burgoon , M. 1988 . Inoculation in political campaign communication . Human Communication Research , 15 : 91 – 111 .
  • Pfau , M. , Kenski , H.C. , Nitz , M. and Sorenson , J. 1990 . Efficacy of inoculation strategies in promoting resistance to political attack messages: Application to direct mail . Communication Monographs , 57 : 1 – 12 .
  • Pryor , B. and Steinfatt , T.M. 1978 . The effects of initial belief level on inoculation theory and its proposed mechanisms . Human Communication Research , 4 : 217 – 230 .
  • Rokeach , M. 1987 . Health values. . Paper presented to the Institution for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention . 1987 , Pasadena, CA.
  • Rosenberg , M. 1965 . Society and adolescent self‐image , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Rosenthal , R. and Rosnow , R.L. 1984 . Essentials of behavioral research: Methods and data analysis , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Salomon , G. , Stein , Y. , Eisenberg , S. and Klein , L. 1984 . Adolescent smokers and nonsmokers: Profiles and their changing structure . Preventative Medicine , 13 : 446 – 461 .
  • Tannenbaum , P.H. , Macaulay , J.R. and Norris , E.L. 1966 . Principle of congruity and reduction in persuasion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2 : 223 – 238 .
  • Urberg , K. and Robbins , R. 1984 . Perceived vulnerability in adolescents to the health consequences of cigarette smoking . Preventative Medicine , 13 : 367 – 376 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.