References
- Argyle , M. , Alkema , F. and Gilmour , R. 1972 . The communication of friendly and hostile attitudes by verbal and non‐verbal signals . European Journal of Social Psychology , 1 : 385 – 400 .
- Argyle , M. , Salter , V. , Nicholson , H. , Williams , M. and Burgess , P. 1970 . The communication of inferior and superior attitudes by verbal and nonverbal signals . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 9 : 222 – 231 .
- Burgoon , J.K. , Buller , D.B. and Woodall , W.G. 1989 . Nonverbal communication: The unspoken dialogue , New York : Harper Collins .
- DePaulo , B.M. , Zuckerman , M. and Rosenthal , R. 1980 . Detecting deception: Modality effects . Review of Personality and Social Psychology , 1 : 125 – 162 .
- Dion , K. , Berscheid , E. and Walster , E. 1972 . What is beautiful is good . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 24 : 285 – 290 .
- Exline , R.V. 1985 . “ Multichannel transmission of nonverbal behavior and the perception of powerful men: The Presidential Debates of 1976 ” . In Power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior , Edited by: Ellyson , S.L. and Dovidio , J.F. 183 – 206 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
- Gallup , G. Jr. 1986 . The Gallup Poll: Public opinion 1985: 233 – 234 .
- Gallup , G. Jr. 1987 . The Gallup Poll: Public opinion 1986: 255
- Gallup , G. Jr. 1988 . Reagan's job performance . The Gallup Report , 277 : 25 – 27 .
- Gallup , G. Jr. 1989 . Reagan: highest final ratings since Franklin Roosevelt . The Gallup Report , 280 : 12 – 15 .
- Gilbert , D.T. and Krull , D.S. 1988 . Seeing less and knowing more: The benefits of perceptual ignorance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 193 – 202 .
- Keppel , G. 1982 . Design and analysis: A research handbook , (2nd ed.) , New York : Prentice Hall .
- Kraus , S. 1962 . The great debates , Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
- Krauss , R.M. , Apple , W. , Morency , N. , Wenzel , C. and Winton , W. 1981 . Verbal, vocal, and visible factors in judgments of another's affect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 40 : 312 – 320 .
- Masters , R.D. , Sullivan , D.G. , Feola , A. and McHugo , G.J. 1987 . Television coverage of candidates’ display behavior during the 1984 primaries in the United States . International Political Science Review , 8 : 121 – 130 .
- Masters , R.D. , Sullivan , D.G. , Lanzetta , J.T. , McHugo , G.J. and Englis , B.G. 1986 . The facial displays of leaders: Toward an ethology of human politics . Journal of Social and Biological Structures , 9 : 319 – 343 .
- Mehrabian , A. and Wiener , M. 1967 . Decoding of inconsistent communication . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 6 : 109 – 114 .
- Noller , P. 1985 . Video primacy—a further look . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 9 : 28 – 47 .
- Posner , M.I. , Nissen , M.J. and Klein , R.M. 1976 . Visual dominance: An information‐processing account of its origin and significance . Psychological Review , 83 : 157 – 171 .
- Sullivan , D.G. and Masters , R.D. 1988 . Happy warriors: Leaders’ facial displays, viewers’ emotions, and political support . American Journal of Political Science , 32 : 345 – 368 .
- Swann , W.B. Jr. 1984 . Quest for accuracy in person perception: A matter of pragmatics . Psychological Review , 91 : 457 – 477 .