Design, preparation, and evaluation of liposomal gel formulations for treatment of acne: in vitro and in vivo studies

References

• Kurokawa I, Danby FW, Ju Q, et al. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18:821–832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams HC, Dellavalle RP, Garner S. Acne vulgaris. Lancet. 2012;379:361–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham G, Farrar M, Cruse‐Sawyer J, et al. Proinflammatory cytokine production by human keratinocytes stimulated with Propionibacterium acnes and P. acnes GroEL. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150:421–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagy I, Pivarcsi A, Kis K, et al. Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in human sebocytes. Microbes Infect. 2006;8:2195–2205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SE, Kim J-M, Jeong SK, et al. Protease-activated receptor-2 mediates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocytes in response to Propionibacterium acnes. Arch Dermatol Res. 2010;302:745–756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeremy AH, Holland DB, Roberts SG, et al. Inflammatory events are involved in acne lesion initiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121:20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedberg IM, Tomic-Canic M, Komine M, et al. Keratins and the keratinocyte activation cycle. J Invest Dermatol. 2001;116:633–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh M, Chen C. Delivery of pharmaceutical agents to treat acne vulgaris: current status and perspectives. J Med Biol. 2011;32:215–224.
   Google Scholar
• Jappe U. Pathological mechanisms of acne with special emphasis on Propionibacterium acnes and related therapy. Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83:241–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oda R, Shimizu R, Sabatine S, et al. Effects of structural changes on retinoid cytotoxicity in the CHO clonal assay. In Vitro Toxicol. 1996;9:173–181.
   Google Scholar
• Ebede TL, Arch EL, Berson D. Hormonal treatment of acne in women. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2009;2:16–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adler BL, Kornmehl H, Armstrong AW. Antibiotic resistance in acne treatment. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153:810–811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinnott SJ, Bhate K, Margolis DJ, et al. Antibiotics and acne: an emerging iceberg of antibiotic resistance?. Br J Dermatol. 2016;175:1127–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chainani-Wu N. Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa). J Altern Complement Med. 2003;9:161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurenka JS. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Altern Med Rev. 2009;14:141–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazel Nabavi S, Thiagarajan R, Rastrelli L, et al. Curcumin: a natural product for diabetes and its complications. Curr Top Med Chem. 2015;15:2445–2455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araiza-Calahorra A, Akhtar M, Sarkar A. Recent advances in emulsion-based delivery approaches for curcumin: From encapsulation to bioaccessibility. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2018;71:155–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakatsuji T, Kao MC, Fang J-Y, et al. Antimicrobial property of lauric acid against Propionibacterium acnes: its therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129:2480–2488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pornpattananangkul D, Fu V, Thamphiwatana S, et al. In vivo treatment of Propionibacterium acnes infection with liposomal lauric acids. Adv Healthcare Mater. 2013;2:1322–1328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow D, McCarron P, Woolfson A, et al. Innovative strategies for enhancing topical and transdermal drug delivery. Toddj. 2007;1:36–59.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Sharma US. Liposomes in drug delivery: progress and limitations. Int J Pharm. 1997;154:123–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mezei M, Gulasekharam V. Liposomes-a selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration: gel dosage form. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1982;34:473–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanmugam S, Song C-K, Nagayya-Sriraman S, et al. Physicochemical characterization and skin permeation of liposome formulations containing clindamycin phosphate. Arch Pharm Res. 2009;32:1067–1075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai P, Patlolla RR, Singh M. Interaction of nanoparticles and cell-penetrating peptides with skin for transdermal drug delivery. Mol Membr Biol. 2010;27:247–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Wu Q, Zhang Z, et al. Preparation of curcumin-loaded liposomes and evaluation of their skin permeation and pharmacodynamics. Molecules 2012;17:5972–5987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtari F, Faghihi G, Basiri A, et al. Comparison effect of azithromycin gel 2% with clindamycin gel 1% in patients with acne. Adv Biomed Res. 2016;5:72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bardazzi F, Savoia F, Parente G, et al. Azithromycin: a new therapeutical strategy for acne in adolescents. Dermatol Online J. 2007;13:4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sułkowski W, Pentak D, Nowak K, et al. The influence of temperature, cholesterol content and pH on liposome stability. J Mol Struct. 2005;744:737–747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laouini A, Jaafar-Maalej C, Limayem-Blouza I, et al. Preparation, characterization and applications of liposomes: state of the art. J Coll Sci Biotechnol. 2012;1:147–168.
   Google Scholar
• Verma P, Pathak K. Nanosized ethanolic vesicles loaded with econazole nitrate for the treatment of deep fungal infections through topical gel formulation. Nanomedicine 2012;8:489–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakker KD, Chern WH. Development and validation of in vitro release tests for semisolid dosage forms-case study. Dissolution Technol. 2003;10:10–16.
   Google Scholar
• Higuchi WI. Analysis of data on the medicament release from ointments. J Pharm Sci. 1962;51:802–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Young LM, Spires DA, Ballaron SJ, et al. Acne-like chronic inflammatory activity of Propionibacterium acnes preparations in an animal model: correlation with ability to stimulate the reticuloendothelial system. J Investig Dermatol. 1985;85:255–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Young LM, Young JM, Ballaron SJ, et al. Intradermal injection of Propionibacterium acnes: a model of inflammation relevant to acne. J Invest Dermatol. 1984;83:394–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Mu L, Tang J, et al. A small peptide with therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris. PloS One. 2013;8:e72923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvius JR. Thermotropic phase transitions of pure lipids in model membranes and their modifications by membrane proteins. Lipid-Protein Interact 1982;2:239–281.
   Google Scholar
• Wieber A, Selzer T, Kreuter J. Physico-chemical characterisation of cationic DOTAP liposomes as drug delivery system for a hydrophilic decapeptide before and after freeze-drying. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2012;80:358–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honary S, Zahir F. Effect of zeta potential on the properties of nano-drug delivery systems-a review (Part 2. ). Trop J Pharm Res. 2013;12:265–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nehate C, Alex MA, Kumar A, et al. Combinatorial delivery of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (γFe2O3) and doxorubicin using folate conjugated redox sensitive multiblock polymeric nanocarriers for enhancing the chemotherapeutic efficacy in cancer cells. Mater Sci Eng C. 2017;75:1128–1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troxel KS, Ponticiello M. Hemostatic compositions and methods. Google Patents. 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Singh RP, Gangadharappa H, Mruthunjaya K. Phospholipids: unique carriers for drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2017;39:166–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenechukwu FC, Attama AA, Ibezim EC. Novel solidified reverse micellar solution-based mucoadhesive nano lipid gels encapsulating miconazole nitrate-loaded nanoparticles for improved treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. J Microencaps. 2017;34:592–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavano L. Liposomal gels in enhancing skin delivery of drugs. Percutaneous penetration enhancers chemical methods in penetration enhancement. Springer; 2015. p. 329–341.
   Google Scholar
• Sengupta P, Chatterjee B. Potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2017;526:353–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aparna C, Srinivas P, Patnaik K. Enhanced transdermal permeability of telmisartan by a novel nanoemulsion gel. Int J Pharm Sci. 2015;7:335–342.
   Google Scholar
• Hua S. Development of an effective topical liposomal formulation for localized analgesia and anti-inflammatory actions in the Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rodent model of acute inflammatory pain. Pain Phys. 2014;17:E719–E735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamburic S, Craig DQ. A comparison of different in vitro methods for measuring mucoadhesive performance. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 1997;44:159–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jana S, Manna S, Nayak AK, et al. Carbopol gel containing chitosan-egg albumin nanoparticles for transdermal aceclofenac delivery. Colloids Surf B. 2014;114:36–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahad A, Al-Saleh AA, Al-Mohizea AM, et al. Pharmacodynamic study of eprosartan mesylate-loaded transfersomes Carbopol® gel under Dermaroller® on rats with methyl prednisolone acetate-induced hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;89:177–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Suwayeh SA, Taha EI, Al-Qahtani FM, et al. Evaluation of skin permeation and analgesic activity effects of carbopol lornoxicam topical gels containing penetration enhancer. Sci World J. 2014;2014:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vowels BR, Yang S, Leyden JJ. Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of Propionibacterium acnes: implications for chronic inflammatory acne. Infect Immun 1995;63:3158–3165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Ochoa M-T, Krutzik SR, et al. Activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine responses. Eur J Immunol. 2002;169:1535–1541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar