Early nitrogen deficiency favors high nitrogen recovery efficiency by improving deeper soil root growth and reducing nitrogen loss in wheat

References

• Fageria NK, Baligar VC. 2005. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Adv Agron. 88:97–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Wang F, Hu H, Jiang S, Muhammad A, Shao Y, Sun C, Tian Z, Jiang D, Dai T. 2018. Improved leaf nitrogen reutilisation and Rubisco activation under short-term nitrogen-deficient conditions promotes photosynthesis in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the seedling stage. Funct. Plant Biol. 45:840–853. doi:10.1071/FP17232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacomini SJ, Machet JM, Boizard H, Recous S. 2010. Dynamics and recovery of fertilizer 15N in soil and winter wheat crop under minimum versus conventional tillage. Soil Till Res. 108:51–58. doi:10.1016/j.still.2010.03.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong P, Liang L, Zhang Q. 2011. China must reduce fertilizer use too. Nature. 473:284–285. doi:10.1038/473284e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu C, Tian Z, Gu S, Guo H, Fan Y, Abid M, Chen K, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T. 2018. Winter and spring night-warming improve root extension and soil nitrogen supply to increase nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Eur J Agron. 96:96–107. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2018.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia SL, Wang XB, Yang YM, Dai K, Meng CX, Zhao QS, Zhang XM, Zhang DC, Feng ZH, Sun YM, et al. 2011. Fate of labeled urea-N-15 as basal and topdressing applications in an irrigated wheat-maize rotation system in North China Plain: I winter wheat. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys. 90:331–346. doi:10.1007/s10705-011-9433-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang S, Sun J, Tian Z, Hu H, Michel EJS, Gao J, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T. 2017. Root extension and nitrate transporter up-regulation induced by nitrogen deficiency improves nitrogen status and plant growth at the seedling stage of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Environ Exp Bot. 141:28–40. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.06.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju C, Buresh RJ, Wang Z, Zhang H, Liu L, Yang J, Zhang J. 2015. Root and shoot traits for rice varieties with higher grain yield and higher nitrogen use efficiency at lower nitrogen rates application. Field Crop Res. 175:47–55. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2015.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kant S. 2018. Understanding nitrate uptake, signaling and remobilisation for improving plant nitrogen use efficiency. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 74:89–96. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King J, Gay A, Sylvester‐Bradley R, Bingham IAN, Foulkes J, Gregory P, Robinson D. 2003. Modelling cereal root systems for water and nitrogen capture: towards an economic optimum. Ann Bot-London. 91:383–390. doi:10.1093/aob/mcg033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampurlanés J, Cantero-Martínez C. 2003. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance under different tillage and crop management systems and their relationship with barley root growth. Agron J. 95:526–536. doi:10.2134/agronj2003.5260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Tian M, Cai J, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T. 2013. Effects of low nitrogen supply on relationships between photosynthesis and nitrogen status at different leaf position in wheat seedlings. Plant Growth Regul. 70:257–263. doi:10.1007/s10725-013-9797-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Dong B, Qiao Y, Liu M, Zhang J. 2010. Root growth, available soil water, and water-use efficiency of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes applied at different growth stages in North China. Agr Water Manage. 97:1676–1682. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2010.05.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Hu C, Delgado JA, Zhang Y, Ouyang Z. 2007. Increased nitrogen use efficiencies as a key mitigation alternative to reduce nitrate leaching in north china plain. Agr Water Manage. 89:1161–1164. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2006.12.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Xiong Y, Bian J, Zhang H, Gu J, Wang Z, Yang J. 2015. Effect of genetic improvement of grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of mid‐season indica rice cultivars. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci. 178:297–305. doi:10.1002/jpln.v178.2.
   Google Scholar
• Luo J, Zhou J, Li H, Shi W, Polle A, Lu M, Sun X, Luo ZB. 2015. Global poplar root and leaf transcriptomes reveal links between growth and stress responses under nitrogen starvation and excess. Tree Physiol. 35:1283–1302. doi:10.1093/treephys/tpv091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi G, Chen F, Wu Q, Lai N, Yuan L, Zhang F. 2010. Ideotype root architecture for efficient nitrogen acquisition by maize in intensive cropping systems. Sci China Life Sci. 53:1369–1373. doi:10.1007/s11427-010-4097-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao Y, Stewart BA, Zhang F. 2011. Long-term experiments for sustainable nutrient management in China. A Review. Agron Sustainable Dev.. 31:397–414. doi:10.1051/agro/2010034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mou P, Jones RH, Tan Z, Bao Z, Chen H. 2013. Morphological and physiological plasticity of plant roots when nutrients are both spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Plant Soil. 364:373–384. doi:10.1007/s11104-012-1336-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao J, Yang L, Yan T, Xue F, Zhao D. 2013. Rice dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, soil mineral N around root and N leaching, with increasing application rates of fertilizer. Eur J Agron. 49:93–103. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2013.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen IS, Dresbøll DB, Thorup-Kristensen K. 2015. Winter wheat cultivars and nitrogen (N) fertilization—effects on root growth, N uptake efficiency and N use efficiency. Eur J Agron. 68:38–49. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2015.04.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravier C, Meynard JM, Cohan JP, Gate P, Jeuffroy MH. 2017. Early nitrogen deficiencies favor high yield, grain protein content and N use efficiency in wheat. Eur J Agron. 89:16–24. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2017.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos CA, Boiteux LS. 2013. Breeding biofortified cowpea lines for semi-arid tropical areas by combining higher seed protein and mineral levels. Genet Mol Res. 12:6782–6789. doi:10.4238/2013.December.16.4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Z, Jing Q, Cai J, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T. 2012. The fates of 15N fertilizer in relation to root distributions of winter wheat under different N splits. Eur J Agron. 40:86–93. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2012.01.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla AK, Ladha JK, Singh VK, Dwivedi BS, Balasubramanian V, Gupta RK, Sharma SK, Singh Y, Pathak H, Pandey PS. 2004. Calibrating the leaf color chart for nitrogen management in different genotypes of rice and wheat in a systems perspective. Agron J. 96:1606–1621. doi:10.2134/agronj2004.1606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Z, Ge Y, Zhu Q, Yu J, Zhou Q, Cai J, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T. 2019. Soil nitrogen balance and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat affected by straw management and nitrogen application in the Yangtze River Basin of China. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 65:1–15. doi:10.1080/03650340.2018.1479743.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Z, Li Y, Liang Z, Guo H, Cai J, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T. 2016. Genetic improvement of nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat in the Yangtze River Basin of China. Field Crop Res. 196:251–260. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.07.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Z, Liu X, Gu S, Yu J, Zhang L, Zhang W, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T. 2018. Postponed and reduced basal nitrogen application improves nitrogen use efficiency and plant growth of winter wheat. J Integr Agr. 17:2648–2661. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62086-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu C, Tao H, Tian B, Gao Y, Ren J, Wang P. 2016. Limited-irrigation improves water use efficiency and soil reservoir capacity through regulating root and canopy growth of winter wheat. Field Crop Res. 196:268–275. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.07.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu H, Zhong G, Lin J, Ding Y, Li G, Wang S, Liu Z, Tang S, Ding C. 2015. Effect of nitrogen management during the panicle stage in rice on the nitrogen utilization of rice and succeeding wheat crops. Eur J Agron. 70:41–47. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2015.06.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu X, Pang D, Chen J, Luo Y, Zheng M, Yin Y, Li Y, Li Y, Wang Z. 2018. Straw return accompany with low nitrogen moderately promoted deep root. Field Crop Res. 221:71–80. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue YF, Zhang W, Liu DY, Yue SC, Cui ZL, Chen XP, Zou CQ. 2014. Effects of nitrogen management on root morphology and zinc translocation from root to shoot of winter wheat in the field. Field Crop Res. 161:38–45. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2014.01.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Wang X, Dai K, Jia S, Meng C, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Zhang D, Feng Z, Sun Y. 2011. Fate of labeled urea- 15N as basal and topdressing applications in an irrigated wheat-maize rotation system in North China plain: II summer maize. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys. 90:379–389. doi:10.1007/s10705-011-9439-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan QY, Wang P, Liu L, Dong BC, Yu FH. 2017. Root responses to nitrogen pulse frequency under different nitrogen amounts. Acta Oecol. 80:32–38. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2017.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan S, Tan Z, Huang Q. 2018. Migration and transformation mechanism of nitrogen in the biomass–biochar–plant transport process. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 85:1–13. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.01.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Xie YX, Xiong ZQ, Yan XY, Xing GX, Zhu ZL. 2009. Nitrogen fate and environmental consequence in paddy soil under rice-wheat rotation in the Taihu lake region, China. Plant Soil. 319:225–234. doi:10.1007/s11104-008-9865-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar