Evaluating the release-weighted risk of insecticides under rainy conditions: A case study in Iran

References

• Ares , J . 2004 . Estimating pesticide environmental risk scores with land use data and fugacity equilibrium models in Misiones, Argentina . Agric Ecosys Environ. , 103 : 45 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Bintein , S , Devillers , J and Karcher , W . 1993 . Non-linear dependence of fish bioconcentration on n-octanol/water partition coefficient . SAR QSAR Environ Res. , 1 : 29 – 39 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deihimfard , R , Zand , E , Mahdavi Damghani , A and Soufizadeh , S . 2007 . Herbicide risk assessment during the Wheat Self-sufficiency Project in Iran . Pest Manag Sci. , 63 : 1036 – 1045 .
   Google Scholar
• Dunn , A M . 2004 . A relative risk ranking of pesticides used in Prince Edward Island Environmental Protection Branch, Environment Canada, Atlantic Region. EPS-5-AR-04-03
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada . 2003 . Guidance Manual for the Categorization of Organic and Inorganic Substances on Canada's Domestic Substances List. Determining persistence, bioaccumulation potential and inherent toxicity to non-human organisms June 2003, Existing Substances Branch
   Google Scholar
• Field , B . 1995 . Economía Ambiental , Buenos Aires : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Hebert , H J . 2003 . EPA guidelines address kids, cancer risk Detroit Free Press. Available from the website: http://www.freep.com/news/chilrenfirst/risk4_20030304.htm
   Google Scholar
• Juraske , R , Antón , A , Castells , F and Huijbregts , M AJ . 2007 . PestScreen: A screening approach for scoring and ranking pesticides by their environmental and toxicological concern . Environ Int. , 33 : 886 – 893 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovach , J , Petzoldt , C , Degni , J and Tette , J . 1992 . A method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides New York Food and Life Sciences Bulletin. Cornell University, NY: New York State Agricultural Experimental Station
   Google Scholar
• Mackey , D , Guardo , A D , Paterson , S and Cowan , C E . 1996 . Evaluating the environmental fate of a variety of types of chemicals using the EQC model . Environ Toxicol Chem. , 15 : 1627 – 1637 .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , G C and Bullock , D S . 2003 . Simulating a relative environmental effect of glyphosate-resistant soybeans . Ecol Econ. , 45 : 189 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Padovani , L , Trevisan , M and Capri , E . 2004 . A calculation procedure to assess potential environmental risk of pesticides at the farm level . Ecol Indic. , 4 : 111 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , R KD and Hulting , A G . 2004 . A comparative ecological risk assessment for herbicides used on spring wheat: the effect of glyphosate when used within a glyphosate-tolerant wheat system . Weed Sci. , 52 : 834 – 844 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , R KD . 2006 . Comparing ecological risks of pesticides: The utility of a Risk Quotient ranking approach across refinements of exposure . Pest Manag Sci. , 62 : 46 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel , D , Acquay , H , Biltonen , M , Rice , P , Silva , M , Nelson , J , Lipner , V , Giordana , S , Horowitz , A and D'Amore , M . 1993 . “ Assessment of environmental and economic impacts of pesticides use ” . In The pesticides question: Environment, economic and ethics , Edited by: Pimentel , D and Lehman , H . 47 – 84 . New York : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Pimentel , D . 2005 . Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides primarily in the United States . Environ Dev Sustain. , 7 : 229 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Pimentel , D and Greiner , A . 1997 . “ Environmental and socio-economic costs of pesticides use ” . In Technique for reducing pesticide use: Environmental and economic benefits , Edited by: Pimentel , D . 51 – 78 . Chichester, , UK : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Snyder , E M , Snyder , S A , Giesy , J P , Blonde , S A , Hurlburt , G K , Summer , C L , Mitchell , R R and Bush , D M . 2000 . SCRAM: A scoring and ranking system for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances for the North American Great Lakes. Part I. Structure of the scoring and ranking system . Environ Sci Poll Res. , 7 : 52 – 61 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soleimani , A and Amiri Larijani , B . 2004 . Agronomic principles of rice production Arvij publications. [in Persian]
   Google Scholar
• Stenr⊘d , M , Heggen , H E , Bolli , R I and Eklo , O M . 2008 . Testing and comparison of three pesticide risk indicator models under Norwegian conditions – a case study in the Skuterud and Heiabekken catchments . Agric Ecosyst Environ. , 123 : 15 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , M B , Davis , G A , Kincaid , L E , Schultz , T W , Bartmess , J E , Jones , S L and George , E L . 1997 . A screening method for ranking and scoring chemicals by potential human health and environmental impacts . Environ Toxicol Chem. , 16 : 372 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesfamichael , A A and Kaluarachchi , J J . 2006 . A methodology to assess the risk of an existing pesticide and potential future pesticides for regulatory decision-making . Environ Sci Pol. , 9 : 275 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unnevehr , L J , Lowe , F M , Pimentel , D , Brooks , C B , Baldwin , R L , Beachy , R N , Chornesky , E A , Hiler , E A , Huffman , W E , King , L J , Kuzminsky , L N , Lacy , W B , Lyon , T L , McNutt , K , Ogren , W L , Reginato , R and Suttie , J W . 2003 . Frontier in agricultural research: Food, health, environment, and communities , Washington, DC : National Academies of Science .
   Google Scholar