Diet, nutrition and agricultural development in Swaziland. 1. Agricultural ecology and nutritional status

References

• Beemer , H. 1939 . Notes on the diet of the Swazi in the Protectorate . Bantu Stud , 13 : 199 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Bender , D.R. 1967 . A refinement of the concept of household: Families, co‐residence, and domestic functions . Am. Anthrop. , 69 : 493 – 504 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron , N. 1978 . “ The methods of auxological anthropometry ” . In Human Growth , Edited by: Falkner , F. and Tanner , J.M. Vol. 2 , 32 – 95 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chambers , R. , Longhurst , R. and Pacey , A. , eds. 1981 . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty , London : Francis Pinter .
   Google Scholar
• Cronk , C. and Roche , A. 1982 . Race‐ and sex‐specific reference data for triceps and subscapular skin‐folds and weight/stature2 . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 35 (2) : 347 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Curry , J.J. 1988 . Analysis of the 1985–86 labour and input survey Part 1. Demographic characteristics of sample homesteads. Malkerns Research Station Research Reports , Malkerns, , Swaziland : Swaziland Cropping Systems Research and Extension Training Project/USAID .
   Google Scholar
• Curry , J.J. and Seubert , C.E. 1989 . “ Local constraints, regional articulations, and the small farmer in Swaziland ” . In Human Systems Ecology: Studies in the Integration of Political Economy and Adaptation, and Socionatural Regions , Edited by: Smith , S. and Reeves , E. 124 – 147 . Boulder, CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• DeWalt , K. 1983 . Income and dietary adequacy in an agricultural community . Soc. Sci. Med. , 17 : 1877 – 86 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dewey , K.G. 1979 . Agricultural development, diet, and nutrition . Ecol. Food Nutr. , 8 : 265 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey , K.G. 1981 . Nutritional consequences of the transformation from subsistence to commercial agriculture in Tabasco, Mexico . Hum. Ecol , 9 (2) : 151 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 1982 . Integrating Nutrition into Agricultural and Rural Development Projects: A Manual , Nutrition in Agriculture No. 1 Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization .
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 1983 . Selecting Interventions for Nutritional Improvement: A Manual , Nutrition in Agriculture No. 3 Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Fleuret , P. and Fleuret , A. 1980 . Nutrition, consumption, and agricultural change . Hum. Org. , 39 : 250 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankenberger , T. 1985 . Adding a Food Consumption Perspective to Farming Systems Research , Washington, DC : USDA .
   Google Scholar
• Freund , R. , Funnell , D. and Testerink , J. 1985 . Report on — and review of— the 1982–83 Sample Survey of Swazi Nation Land , Kwaluseni : Social Science Research Unit, University of Swaziland .
   Google Scholar
• Gittinger , J.P. , Leslie , J. and Hoisington , C. 1987 . Foot Policy: Integrating Supply, Distribution, and Consumption , Baltimore and London : Johns Hopkins University .
   Google Scholar
• Gouws , E. and Langenhoven , M.L. 1986 . NRIND Food Composition Tables, Second Edition , Parow : South African Medical Research Council . (Cape)
   Google Scholar
• Government of Swaziland . 1986 . Swaziland National Nutrition Status Survey , Atlanta : Center for Disease Control .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , J.P. , Custer , P.B. and Thurlow , J. 1981 . Current techniques of nutritional assessment . Surg. Clin. N. Am. , 61 (3) : 437 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Guma , X. 1983 . “ Cash income and expenditure ” . In The Swazi Rural Homestead , Edited by: deVIetter , F. 123 – 50 . Kwaluseni : Social Science Research Unit, University of Swaziland .
   Google Scholar
• Guyer , J. 1980 . Household Budgets and Women's Income , Working paper No. 28 Boston : African Studies Center, Boston University .
   Google Scholar
• Hamill , P.V.V. , Drizd , T.A. , Johnson , C.L. , Reed , R.B. and Roche , A.F. 1977 . NCHS growth curves for children birth‐18 years , Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11‐No. 165 Hyattsville, MD : U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare .
   Google Scholar
• Hunting Technical Services, Ltd. 1983 . Review of the Rural Development Areas Programme , 2 Vols , Mbabane, , Swaziland : Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives .
   Google Scholar
• Huss‐Ashmore , R. 1984 . Strategies for Health Care in Highland Lesotho , Amherst : University of Massachusetts . PhD Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Huss‐Ashmore , R. 1987 . Report of the food consumption survey. Part I: Anthropometrics, food group use, and food consumption by weight , Malkerns, , Swaziland : Swaziland Cropping Systems Project, Malkerns Research Station .
   Google Scholar
• Huss‐Ashmore , R. 1988 . Report of the food consumption survey. Part II: Nutrient content and adequacy of women's diets , Malkerns, , Swaziland : Swaziland Cropping Systems Project, Malkerns Research Station .
   Google Scholar
• Huss‐Ashmore , R. and Goodman , J.L. 1988 . “ Seasonality of work, weight, and body composition for women in highland Lesotho ” . In Coping with Seasonal Constraints. MASCA Res. Papers in Sci. and Arch , Edited by: Huss‐Ashmore , R. , Curry , J. and Hitchcock , R. Vol. 5 , 29 – 44 . Philadelphia : MASCA, University of Pennsylvania .
   Google Scholar
• Huss‐Ashmore , R. , Goodman , J.L. , Sibiya , T.E. and Stein , T.P. in press . Energy expenditure of young Swazi women as measured by the doubly labeled water method . Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. ,
   Google Scholar
• Jelliffe , D.B. 1966 . The Assessment of the Nutritional Status of the Community , Geneva : WHO .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , C.L. , Fulwood , R. , Abraham , S. and Bryner , J.D. 1981 . Basic data on anthropometric measurements and angular measurements of the hip and knee joints for selected age groups 1–74 years of age , Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11‐No. 219 Hyattsville, MD : US Department of Health and Human Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Longhurst , R. , ed. 1986 . Seasonality and Poverty. IDS Bulletin , Vol. 17 , Sussex : Institute of Development Studies . (3)
   Google Scholar
• Low , A. 1982 . Farm Household Theory and Rural Development in Rural Swaziland , Development Study Paper No. 23 Reading, , England : Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Reading .
   Google Scholar
• Malina , R.M. , Martorell , R. and Mendoza , F. 1986 . Growth status of Mexican American children and youths: Historical trends and contemporary issues . Yrbk. Phys. Anthrop. , 29 : 45 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Malina , R.M. , Skrabanek , M.F. and Little , B.B. 1989 . Growth and maturity status of Black and white children classified as obese by different criteria . Am. J. Hum. Bio. , 1 (2) : 193 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Mokbel , M. and Pellett , P. 1987 . Nutrition in agricultural development in Aleppo Province Syria. 1. Farm resources, rainfall, and nutritional status . Ecol. Food Nutr. , 20 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najjar , M.F. and Rowland , M. 1987 . Anthropometric reference data and prevalence of overweight , Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11‐No. 238 Hyattsville, MD : US Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• Naional Nutrition Council . 1987 . Literature Review. Project for Promotion of Improved Young Child Feeding , Mbabane : National Nutrition Council Swaziland .
   Google Scholar
• Nurse , G.T. 1975 . Seasonal hunger among the Ngoni and Ntumba of Central Malawi . Africa , 45 (1) : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Ogbu , J. 1973 . Seasonal hunger in tropical Africa as a cultural phenomenon . Africa , 43 (4) : 317 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Ogle , B.M. and Grivetti , L.E. 1985a . Legacy of the chameleon: edible wild plants in the Kingdom of Swaziland, Southern Africa. A cultural, ecological, nutritional study. Part I — Introduction, objectives, methods, Swazi culture, landscape and diet . Ecol. Food Nutr. , 16 : 193 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogle , B.M. and Grivetti , L.E. 1985b . Legacy of the chameleon: Part III — Cultural and ecological analysis . Ecol. Food Nutr. , 17 : 31 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , P. Public health and functional consequences of seasonal hunger and malnutrition . Paper presented to the IFPRI/FAO/AID Workshop on Seasonal Causes of Household Food Insecurity, Policy Implications and Research Needs: Annapolis . Maryland. Washington, DC : IFPRI .
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier , D.L. , Low , J.W. and Msukwa , L.A.H. 1989 . Assessment of nutritional status from upper arm anthropometry in African populations . Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. , 78 (2) : 283
   Google Scholar
• Pinstrup‐Andersen , P. , Berg , A. and Forman , M. 1984 . International Agricultural Research and Human Nutrition , Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Serdula , M.K. , Aphane , J.M. , Kunene , P.F. , Gama , D.M. , Staehling , N. , Peck , R. , Sullivan , B. and Trowbridge , F.L. 1987 . Acute and chronic undernutrition in Swaziland . J. Trop. Pediat. , 33 : 35 – 42 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tripp , R. 1982 . Including Dietary Concerns in On‐Farm Research: An Example from Imbabura. Ecuador , CIMMYT Working Paper No. 82/2 Mexico : CIMMYT .
   Google Scholar
• Uddoh , C.K.O. 1980 . Nutrition , Macmillan Tropical Nursing and Health Sciences Series London and Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar