References
- Adams, W. M. (1993). Indigenous use of wetlands and sustainable development in West Africa. The Geographical Journal, 159, 209–218.
- Adekola, O., Mitchell, G., & Grainger, A. (2015). Inequality and ecosystem services: The value and social distribution of Niger Delta wetland services. Ecosystem Services, 12, 42–54.
- Anderson, I. P., Brinn, P. J., Moyo, M., & Nyamwanza, B. (1993). Physical resource inventory of the communal lands in Zimbabwe – An overview (p. 207). Natural Resources Institute Bulletin, Series 60. Chatham Maritime, Kent: Natural Resources Institute.
- Anthonj, C., Rechenburg, A., & Kistemann, T. (2016). Water, sanitation and hygiene in wetlands. A case study from the Ewaso Narok Swamp, Kenya. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 219, 606–616.
- Bird, M. S., & Day, J. A. (2014). Wetlands in changed landscapes: The influence of habitat transformation on the physico-chemistry of temporary depression wetlands. PLoS ONE, 9, e88935.
- Bohle, H. G., Downing, T. E., & Watts, M. J. (1994). Climate change and social vulnerability: Towards a sociology and geography of food insecurity. Global Environmental Change, 4, 37–48.
- Bouahim, S., Rhazi, L., Ernoul, L., Mathevet, R., Amami, B., Er-Riyahi, S., … Grillas, P. (2015). Combining vulnerability analysis and perceptions of ecosystem services in sensitive landscapes: A case from western Moroccan temporary wetlands. Journal for Nature Conservation, 27, 1–9.
- Bowyer-Bower, T., & Drakakis-Smith, D. (1996). The needs of urban poor versus environmental conservation: Conflict in urban agriculture (p. 114). Harare: London Research Paper, ODA Project.
- Bowyer-Bower, T. A. S., Mapaure, I., & Drummond, R. B. (1996). Ecological degradation in cities: Impact of urban agriculture in Harare, Zimbabwe. Journal of Applied Science in Southern Africa, 2, 53–67.
- Bullock, A. (1992). Dambo hydrology in southern Africa – Review and reassessment. Journal of Hydrology, 135, 373–396.
- Chamaillé-Jammes, C., Fritz, H., & Murindagomo, F. (2007). Detecting climate changes of concern in highly variable environments: Quantile regressions reveal that droughts worsen in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. Journal of Arid Environments, 71, 321–326.
- Chikodzi, D., & Mapfaka, L. Y. (2018). Spatio-temporal variations of wetlands in Masvingo district of Zimbabwe and influences of climate change and variability. Climate Change, 4, 235–247.
- Cottet, M., Piégay, H., & Bornette, G. (2013). Does human perception of wetland aesthetics and healthiness relate to ecological functioning? Journal of Environmental Management, 128, 1012–1022.
- Dahlberg, A. C., & Burlando, C. (2009). Addressing trade-offs: Experiences from conservation and development initiatives in the Mkuze wetlands, South Africa. Ecology and Society, 14, 37. Retrieved from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art37/
- Douglas, I. (2018). The challenge of urban poverty for the use of green infrastructure on floodplains and wetlands to reduce flood impacts in intertropical Africa. Landscape and Urban Planning, 180, 262–272.
- Drakakis-Smith, D. W., & Kivell, P. T. (1990). Urban food distribution and household consumption: A study for Harare. In M. A. Findlay, R. Paddison, & J. A. Dawson (Eds.), Retailing environments in developing countries (pp. 235–247). London: Routledge.
- Hamandawana, H., & Chanda, R. (2010). Natural and human dimensions of environmental change in the proximal reaches of Botswana’s Okavango Delta. The Geographical Journal, 176, 58–76.
- Hartter, J., & Ryan, S. J. (2010). Top-down or bottom-up? Decentralization, natural resource management, and usufruct rights in the forests and wetlands of western Uganda. Land Use Policy, 27, 815–826.
- Hughes, F. M. R. (1996). Wetlands. In W. M. Adams, A. S. Goudie, & A. R. Orme (Eds.), The physical geography of Africa (pp. 267–286). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Isunju, J. B., Orach, C. G., & Kemp, J. (2015). Hazards and vulnerabilities among informal wetland communities in Kampala, Uganda. Environment & Urbanization, 28, 275–293.
- Jogo, W., & Hassan, R. (2010). Determinants of rural household labour allocation for wetland and other livelihood activities: The case of the Limpopo wetland in Southern Africa. Agrekon, 49, 195–216.
- Kentula, M. E., Gwin, S. E., & Pierson, S. M. (2004). Tracking changes in wetlands with urbanization: Sixteen years of experience in Portland, Oregon, USA. Wetlands, 24, 734–743.
- Kruger, D. J. D., Hamer, A. J., & Du Preez, L. H. (2015). Urbanization affects frog communities at multiple scales in a rapidly developing African city. Urban Ecosystems, 18, 1333–1352.
- Lannas, K. S. M., & Turpie, J. K. (2009). Valuing the provisioning services of wetlands: Contrasting a rural wetland in Lesotho with a peri-urban wetland in South Africa. Ecology and Society, 14, 18. Retrieved from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art18/
- Love, D., Uhlenbrook, S., Twomlow, S., & Van der Zaag, P. (2010). Changing hydroclimatic and discharge patterns in Northern Limpopo Basin, Zimbabwe. Water SA, 36, 335–350.
- Lwasa, S. (2010). Adapting urban areas in Africa to climate change: The case of Kampala. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2, 166–171.
- Maconachie, R., Dixon, A. B., & Wood, A. (2009). Decentralization and local institutional arrangements for wetland management in Ethiopia and Sierra Leone. Applied Geography, 29, 269–279.
- Magadza, C. H. D. (2018). Lake Chivero (Zimbabwe) and its climatic environment. Lakes & Reservoirs, 23, 98–103.
- Mapedza, E., Geheb, K., van Koppen, B., & Chisaka, J. (2012). Narratives from a wetland: Sustainable management in Lukanga, Zambia. Development Southern Africa, 29, 379–390.
- Marambanyika, T., & Beckedahl, H. (2016a). The missing link between awareness and the implementation of wetland policy and legislation in communal areas of Zimbabwe. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 24, 545–563.
- Marambanyika, T., & Beckedahl, H. (2016b). Wetland utilisation patterns in semi-arid communal areas of Zimbabwe between 1985 and 2013 and the associated benefits to livelihoods of the surrounding communities. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 71, 175–186.
- Matamanda, A. R., Chirisa, I., Mukamuri, B. B., Kaduwo, P., & Mhlanga, M. (2018). Harare’s deteriorating wetlands: Why sound policies and legislations are not enough. Case Studies in the Environment, 2, 1.5–11.
- Mbereko, A., Chimbari, M. J., & Mukamuri, B. B. (2007). An analysis of institutions associated with wetlands use, access and management in communal areas of Zimbabwe: A case study of Zungwi vlei, Zvishavane. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 32, 1291–1299.
- Mbiba, B. (1995). Urban agriculture in Zimbabwe: Implications for urban management and poverty (p. 220). Avebury: Ashgate Publishing.
- Mhlanga, B., Maruziva, R., & Buka, L. (2014). Mapping wetland characteristics for sustainable development in Harare: The case of Borrowdale West, Highlands, National Sports Stadium and Mukuvisi Woodlands Wetlands. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management, 7, 488–498.
- Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (2000). The value of wetlands: Importance of scale and landscape setting. Ecological Economics, 35, 25–33.
- Moges, A., Beyene, A., Ambelu, A., Mereta, S. T., Triest, L., & Kelbessad, E. (2017). Plant species composition and diversity in wetlands under forest, agriculture and urban land uses. Aquatic Botany, 138, 9–15.
- Mudimu, G. D. (1996). Urban agricultural activities and women’s strategies in sustaining family livelihoods in Harare, Zimbabwe. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 17, 179–194.
- Murungweni, F. M. (2013). Effect of land use change on quality of urban wetlands: A case of Monavale wetland in Harare. Geoinformatics & Geostatistics: An Overview, S1. doi:10.4172/2327-4581.S1-015
- Nassauer, J. I. (2004). Monitoring the success of metropolitan wetland restorations: Cultural sustainability and ecological function. Wetlands, 24, 756–765.
- Nhapi, I. (2008). Inventory of water management practices in Harare, Zimbabwe. Water and Environment Journal, 22, 54–63.
- Nkhata, B. A., & Breen, C. M. (2010). Performance of community-based natural resource governance for the Kafue Flats (Zambia). Environmental Conservation, 37, 296–302.
- Nyamadzawo, G., Wuta, M., Nyamangara, J., Nyamugafata, P., & Chirinda, N. (2015). Optimizing dambo (seasonal wetland) cultivation for climate change adaptation and sustainable crop production in the smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 13, 23–39.
- Nyamadzawo, G., Wuta, N., Nyamangara, J., Nyamugafata, P., & Tendayi, T. (2014). Burning, biomass removal and tillage effects on soil organic carbon and nutrients in seasonal wetlands (Dambos) of Chiota smallholder farming area, Zimbabwe. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 60, 1411–1427.
- Nyamapfene, K. W. (1991). The Soils of Zimbabwe (p. 179). Harare: Nehanda Publishers.
- Olivier, D. W. (2019). Urban agriculture promotes sustainable livelihoods in Cape Town. Development Southern Africa, 36, 17–32.
- Rebelo, L.-M., McCartney, M. P., & Finlayson, C. M. (2010). Wetlands of Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution and contribution of agriculture to livelihoods. Wetlands Ecology & Management, 18, 557–572.
- Schuyt, K. D. (2005). Economic consequences of wetland degradation for local populations in Africa. Ecological Economics, 53, 177–190.
- Scoones, I. (1991). Wetlands in drylands: Key resources for agricultural and pastoral production in Africa. Ambio, 20, 366–371.
- Scoones, I., & Cousins, B. (1991). Struggle for control over wetland resources in Zimbabwe. Society and Natural Resources, 7, 579–594.
- Shinn, J. E. (2018). Toward anticipatory adaptation: Transforming social-ecological vulnerabilities in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. The Geographical Journal, 184, 179–191.
- Sibanda, S., Grab, S. W., & Ahmed, F. (2018). Spatio-temporal temperature trends and extreme hydro-climatic events in southern Zimbabwe. South African Geographical Journal, 100, 210–232.
- Sieben, E. J. J., Glen, R. P., & Muasya, A. M. (2017). The wetland flora of South Africa: Occurrence patterns, frequency and dominance across a diverse landscape. Aquatic Botany, 142, 112–118.
- Silvius, M. J., Oneka, M., & Verhagen, A. (2000). Wetlands: Lifeline for people at the edge. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B, 25, 645–652.
- Svotwa, E., Manyanhaire, I. O., & Makombe, P. (2008). Sustainable gardening on wetlands in the communal lands of Zimbabwe. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 7, 2754–2760.
- Taylor, A. R. D., Howard, G. W., & Begg, G. W. (1995). Developing wetland inventories in Southern Africa: A review. Vegetatio, 118, 57–79.
- Venema, J. H. (1998). Agro-ecological Zones of Zimbabwe. Harare: FAO.
- von der Heyden, C. J. (2004). The hydrology and hydrogeology of dambos: A review. Progress in Physical Geography, 28, 544–564.
- Whitlow, R. (1990). Conservation status of wetlands in Zimbabwe: Past and present. GeoJournal, 20, 191–202.
- Whitlow, R., & Campbell, B. (1989). Factors influencing erosion in Zimbabwe: A statistical analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 29, 17–29.