Do younger generations care more about environmental issues? A comparison of perceptions between Gen Z and Gen X in Jo-hannesburg, South Africa

References

• Andersson, E., & Öhman, J. (2016). Young people’s conversations about environmental and sustainability issues in social media. Environmental education research, 23(4), 4622. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1149551
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arafin, H. S., Fuady, I., & Kuswarno, E. (2017). Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Persepsi Mahasiswa Untirta Terhadap Keberadaan Perda Syariah di Kota Serang. Journal Penelitian Komonikasi Dan Opini Publik, 21(1), 88–101. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/123770-IDnone.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ballantyne, A. G., Wibeck, V., & Neset, T. S. (2016). Images of climate change – A pilot study of young people’s perceptions of ICT-based climate visualization. Climatic Change, 134(1–2), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1533-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartiaux, F. (2008). Does environmental information overcome practice compartmentalisation and change consumers’ behaviours? Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(11), 1170–1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.08.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bednarska, M. A. (2017). Does the effect of person-environment fit on work attitudes vary with generations? Insights from the tourism industry. International Journal of Management and Economics, 53(1), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2017-0005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Murphy, L. (2012). Environmental attitudes of generation Y Students: Foundations for sustainability education in Tourism. Journal of Teaching in Travel and Tourism, 12(1), 44–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2012.650063
   Google Scholar
• Besel, R. D., Burke, K., & Christos, V. (2017). A life history approach to perceptions of global climate change risk: Young adults’ experiences about impacts, causes and solutions. Journal of Risk Research, 20(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2015.1017830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bone, J., Head, M., Jones, D., Barraclough, D., Archer, M., Scheib, C., Flight, D., Eggleton, P., & Voulvoulis, N. (2011). From risk assessment to environmental quality management: The challenge for soil protection. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(1), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1021/es101463y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyes, E., & Stanisstreet, M. (1993). The “Greenhouse Effect”: Children’s perceptions of causes, consequences and cures. International Journal of Science Education, 15(5), 531–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069930150507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. T. (2020). Brittanica: Johannesburg South Africa. https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa
   Google Scholar
• City of Johannesburg, (CoJ). (2009). Climate Change Adaptation Plan. City of Johannesburg. https://www.joburg.org.za/Campaigns/Documents/2014Documents/climatechangeadaptationplan_cityofjoburg.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Courtney, D. A. (2020). Exploring generation z’s environmental concerns and its effects on their purchasing behaviors. Texas State University. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/12102/Courtney-Thesis.pdf?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• Death, C. (2014). Environmental movements, climate change, and consumption in South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 40(6), 1215–1234. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2014.964494
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Guimarães, J. C. F., Severo, E. A., & Vieira, P. S. (2017). Cleaner production, project management and Strategic Drivers: An empirical study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EuroStat. 2021. Quality of life indicators - natural and living environment. Availalble at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Quality_of_life_indicators_-_natural_and_living_environment#Exposure_to_pollution.2C_grime_and_other_environmental_problems
   Google Scholar
• Fadhel, K. (2002). Positivist and hermeneutic paradigm, A critical evaluation under their structure of scientific practice. The Sosland Journal, 21–28.
   Google Scholar
• Fundacion Promocion Social, (FPS). (2017). Guide of good environmental Practices.
   Google Scholar
• Garg, B. (2014). Human resource-driving force of sustainable business practices. International Journal of Innovative research & Development, Forthcoming [ Preprint]. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2499801
   Google Scholar
• Gerretsen, I., Lazarus, S., & Seo, Y. (2019). Global climate strike: Meet the teenagers skipping school to fight for a greener planet. CNN, 15 March. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/14/world/global-climate-strike-teenagers-school-walkout-greta-thunberg-intl/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, M. H., Van der Linden, S., Ballew, M. T., Rosenthal, S. A., Gustafson, A., & Leiserowitz, A. (2019). The experience of consensus: Video as an effective medium to communicate scientific agreement on climate change. Science Communication, 41(5), 659–673. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547019874361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez-Román, C., Lima, M. L., Seoane, G., Alzate, M., Dono, M., & Sabucedo, J. M. (2021). Testing common knowledge: Are Northern Europeans and millennials more concerned about the environment? Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, S., Raimi, K., Wilson, R., & Arvai, J. (2019). Will Millennials save the world? The effect of age and generational differences on environmental con-cern. Journal of Environmental Management, 242, 394–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, H., & Ahn, S. W. (2020). Youth mobilization to stop global climate change: Narratives and impact. Renewable Resources Journal, 34(4), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104127
   Google Scholar
• Haws, K. L., Winterich, K. P., & Naylor, R. W. (2014). Seeing the world through GREEN-tinted glasses: Green consumption values and responses to environmentally friendly products. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(3), 336–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2013.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman-Mercer, N., Matkin, M. E., Laituri, M. J., Toohey, R. C., Massey, M., Elder, K., Schuster, P. F., & Mutter, E. (2016). Changing times, changing stories: Generational differences in climate change perspectives from four remote indigenous communities in Subarctic Alaska. Ecology and Society, 21(3), 28. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08463-210328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibberd, M., & Nguyen, A. N. (2013). Climate change communications & young people in the Kingdom: A reception study. International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, 9(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1386/macp.9.1.27_1
   Google Scholar
• Homburg, C., Koschate, N., & Hoyer, W. D. (2005). Do satisfied customers really pay more? A study of the relationship between customer satisfaction and willingness to pay. Journal of Marketing, 69(2), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.69.2.84.60760
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human Science Research Council (HSRC) . (2014). The city of Johannesburg (COJ) economic overview: 2013 A review of the state of the economy and other key In-dicators.
   Google Scholar
• IDP., 201819 ( no date). City of Johannesburg Draft Integrated Development Plan 2018/19. https://www.joburg.org.za/documents_/Documents/IntergratedDevelopmentPlan/idpdocuments/IDP for Council (2).pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ito, H, Kawazoe, N. (2017). The associations between socio-demographic factors and environmental knowledge in the city of Toyota, Japan. Applied Environmental Education & Communication,17(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533015X.2017.1395718
   Google Scholar
• Janmaimool, P, Khajohnmanee, S. (2020). Enhancing university students’ global citizenship, public mindedness, and moral quotient for promoting sense of environmental responsibility and pro-environmental behaviours. Environment, Development and Sustainability 22(2), 957–970. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-018-0228-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kangalawe, R. Y. M. (2012). Land degradation, community perceptions and environmental management implications in the drylands of Central Tanzania. In S. Curkovic (Ed.), Sustainable development: Authoritative and leading edge content for environmental management. Rijeka: InTech (pp. 539–560). Semantic scholar.
   Google Scholar
• Katz, S. (2017). Generation X: A critical sociological perspective. Generations, 41(3), 12–19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321431380_Generation_X_A_Critical_Sociological_Perspective
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. H., Kim, M., Han, H. S., & Holland, S. (2016). The determinants of hospitality employees’ pro-environmental behaviors: The moderating role of generational differences. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 52(56–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.09.013
   Google Scholar
• Kruter, G. E., Barcellos, M. D., & Silva, V. S. (2012). As atitudes dos consumidores em relação ao plástico verde. Revista de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade, 1(1), 19–46. https://doi.org/10.5585/geas.v1i1.8
   Google Scholar
• Kuppa, S. (2018). Do millennials see climate change as more than just a meme? Masters Desertion. Johns Hopkins University.
   Google Scholar
• Lauchlan, E., & Moran, H. (2020). The X, Y and Z of sustainability | Exploring Generational differences in sustainability, Shift insight 2020. https://shift-insight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Shift-Sustainability-XYZ-generational-differences-whitepaper-August2020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lauren, F., Nisbet, M., Leiserowitz, A., & Maibach, E. W. (2010). The climate change generation? Survey analysis of the perceptions and beliefs of Young Americans. George Mason University Center for climate change communicationor. George Mason University. http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication/files/YouthJan2010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Leiserowitz, A. A. (2005). American risk perceptions: Is climate change dangerous? Risk Analysis, 25(6), 1433–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00690.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahl, D., Guenther, L., Schäfer, M. S., Meyer, C., & Siegen, D. (2020). ‘We are a bit blind about it’: A qualitative analysis of climate change-related perceptions and communication across South African communities. Environmental Communication, 14(6), 802–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2020.1736116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malka, A., Krosnick, J. A., & Langer, G. (2009). The association of knowledge with concern about global warming: Trusted information sources shape public thinking. Risk Analysis, 29(633–647). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01220.x
   Google Scholar
• McComas, K., & Shanahan, J. (1999). Telling stories about global climate change: Measuring the impact of narratives on issue cycles. Communication Research, 26(1), 30–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365099026001003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCright, A. M. (2010). The effects of gender on climate change knowledge and concern in the American public. Population and Environment, 32(1), 66–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-010-0113-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meadows, D., Meadows, G., Randers, G., & Behrens, W. (1972). The limits to growth. Universe Books.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, C. (2018). Perceptions Of The Environment And Environmental Issues In Stellenbosch, South Africa: A Mixed-Methods Approach. Stellenbosch University. http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/104937
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. D. (2012). Climate Change: Generation X attitudes, interest, and understanding. The Generation X Report, 1(4), 1–8. https://climateaccess.org/system/files/Miller_Gen%20X%20Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. L. Focus groups as qualitative research. London: Sage, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Moser, S. C., & Dilling, L. (2004). Making climate hot. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 46(10), 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139150409605820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemoto, T., & Beglar, D. (2014). Developing Likert-scale questionnaires. In N. Sonda & A. Krause (Eds.). JALT2013 Conference Proceedings. Tokyo: JALT.
   Google Scholar
• Neumayer, E., & Plümper, T. (2007). The gendered nature of natural disasters: The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life Expectancy, 1981-2002. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(3), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neurath, O. (1973). The scientific conception of the world: The Vienna circle. In M. Neurath & R. Cohen. (Eds.), Empiricism and sociology. Reidel, 205–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2525-6
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2012). Equity and quality in education: Supporting disadvantaged students and schools. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264130852-en.
   Google Scholar
• Oesman, I. (2021). Consumers’ willingness to pay more for Eco Friendly Products (Green Products) classification daily needs products, (pp. 530). EAI. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-7-2020.2303067
   Google Scholar
• Ojala, M., & Lakew, Y. (2017). Young people and climate change communication. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.408
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen, E. R., & Neergaard, P. (2006). Caveat emptor – Let the buyer beware! environmental labelling and the limitations of ‘green’ consumerism. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.434
   Google Scholar
• Pyhälä, A., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Lehvävirta, H., Byg, A., Ruiz-Mallén, I., Salpeteur, M., & Thornton, T. F. (2016). Global environmental change: Local perceptions, understandings, and explanations. Ecology and Society, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08482-210325
   Google Scholar
• Rauta, J., Fagundes, J. R., & Sehnem, S. (2014). Gestão ambiental a partir da produção biodinâmica: Uma alternativa a sustentabilidade em uma vinícola Catarinense. Revista de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade, 3(3), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.5585/geas.v3i3.156
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, J., & Bacon, D. (1997). Exploring the subtle relationships between environmental concern and ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Journal of Business Research, 40(79–89). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(96)00280-9
   Google Scholar
• Rock, I. (1985). Perception and knowledge. Acta Psychologica, 59(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(85)90039-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influences on Altruism. Advances in experimental social psychology. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10 Available from, 221–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60358-5
   Google Scholar
• Selormy, E., Dome, M. Z., Osse, L., & Logan, C. (2019). Change ahead: Experience and awareness of climate change in Africa . https://media.africaportal.org/documents/ab_r7_policypaperno60_experience_and_awareness_of_climate_change_in_africa.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Severo, E. A., Ferro de Guimarães, J. C., Brito, L. M. P., & Dellarmelin, M. L. (2017). Environmental sustainability and sustainable consumption: The perception of baby boomers, generation x and y in Brazil. RGSA, 11(3), 92–110. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v11i3.1266
   Google Scholar
• Severo, E. A., & Guimarães, J. C. F. (2015). Corporate environmentalism: An empirical study in Brazil. International of Journal Business and Globalisation, 15(1), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2015.070225
   Google Scholar
• Severo, E. A., Guimarães, J. C. F., Dorin, E. C. H., & Nodari, C. H. (2015). Cleaner production, environmental sustainability and organizational performance: An empirical study in the Brazilian Metal – Mechanic industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinding, K. (2000). Environmental management beyond the boundaries of the firm: Definitions and constraints. Business Strategy and the Environment, 9(2), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(200003/04)9:2<79::AID-BSE235>3.0.CO;2-%23
   Google Scholar
• Spence, A., Poortinga, W., Butler, C., & Pidgeon, N. F. (2011). Perceptions of climate change and willingness to save energy related to flood experience. Nature Climate Change, 1(1), 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa, (Stats SA). (2018). Mid-year population estimates. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022018.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Streimikiene, D. (2015). Environmental indicators for the assessment of quality of life. Intellectual Economics, Volume, 9(1), 67–79, 1822–8011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intele.2015.10.001
   Google Scholar
• Sundblad, E. L., Biel, A., & Gärling, T. (2007). Cognitive and affective risk judgements related to climate change. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y., & Han, Z. (2018). Climate change risk perception in Taiwan: Correlation with individual and societal factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topic, M., & Mitchelle, B. (2019). Generation Z & Consumer Trends In Environmental Packaging. Leeds Beckett University, Leeds Beckett University. https://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/id/eprint/6066/1/GenerationZAndConsumerTrendsInEnvironmentalPackagingPV-TOPIC.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K., & Freeman, E. C. (2012). Generational differences in young adults’ life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation, 1966-2009. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 1045–1062. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyson, A., Kennedy, B., & Funk, C. (2021). Gen Z, millennials stand out for climate change activism. Social Media Engagement With Issue.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Linden, S. (2015). The social-psychological determinants of climate change risk perceptions: Towards a comprehensive model. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 41(112–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.11.012
   Google Scholar
• Van Liere, K., & Dunlap, R. (1980). The social bases of environmental concern: A review of hypotheses, explanations and empirical evidence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 44(2), 181–197. 10.1086/268583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., Ma, B., & Bai, R. (2019). How does green product knowledge effectively promote green purchase intention? Sustainability, 11(4), 1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, L. M., Rissel, C., Baur, L. A., Lee, E., & Simpson, J. M. (2011). Who is NOT likely to access the internet for health information Findings from first-time mothers in southwest Sydney, Australia. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 80(6), 406–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, C., & McCright, A. M. (2015). Gender differences in environmental concern: Revisiting the institutional trust hypothesis in the USA. Environment and Behavior, 47(1), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916513491571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar