3,595
Views
88
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Community-based tourism as a sustainable solution to maximise impacts locally? The Tsiseb Conservancy case, Namibia

Pages 757-772 | Published online: 05 Nov 2010

References

  • Ashley , C . 2000a . “ Applying livelihood approaches to natural resource management initiatives: Experiences in Namibia and Kenya ” . London : Overseas Development Institute . ODI Working Paper 134
  • Ashley , C . 2000b . “ The impacts of tourism on rural livelihoods: Namibia's experience ” . London : Overseas Development Institute . ODI Working Paper 128
  • Ashley , C and Goodwin , H . 2007 . “ ‘Pro poor tourism’: What's gone right and what's gone wrong? ” . In Overseas Development Institute, Opinion 80 , London : ODI .
  • BD & AKTE (Berne Declaration & Arbeitskreis Tourismus & Entwicklung – Working Group on Tourism & Development) . 2005 . The WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and Sustainable Tourism in Developing Countries – in Contradiction? , Zurich, , Basel : BD & AKTE . www.akte.ch/uploads/media/Position_paper_GATS.pdf Accessed 14 August 2010
  • Bolwig , S , Ponte , S , Du Toit , A , Riisgaard , L and Halberg , N . 2010 . Integrating poverty and environmental concerns into value-chain analysis: A conceptual framework . Development Policy Review , 28 ( 2 ) : 173 – 94 .
  • Bryceson , D F . 2002 . The scramble for Africa: Reorienting rural livelihoods . World Development , 30 ( 5 ) : 725 – 39 .
  • Clancy , M . 1998 . Commodity chains, services and development: Theory and preliminary evidence from the tourism industry . Review of International Political Economy , 5 ( 1 ) : 122 – 48 .
  • Davis , P . 2009 . “ Exploring poverty dynamics from life history interviews in Bangladesh ” . In Poverty Dynamics: Interdisciplinary Perspectives , Edited by: Addison , T , Hulme , D and Kanbur , R . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • DfID (Department for International Development) . 1999 . Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets , London : DfID .
  • Forstner , K . 2004 . Community ventures and access to markets: The role of intermediaries in marketing rural tourism products . Development Policy Review , 22 ( 5 ) : 497 – 514 .
  • Gereffi , G . 1999 . International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain . Journal of International Economics , 48 : 37 – 70 .
  • Goodwin , H . 2009 . Reflections on 10 years of pro-poor tourism . Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events , 1 ( 1 ) : 90 – 4 .
  • Harrison , D . 2008 . Pro-poor tourism: A critique . Third World Quarterly , 29 ( 5 ) : 851 – 68 .
  • Hitchins , R and Highstead , J . 2005 . Community-based Tourism in Namibia , Johannesburg : ComMark Trust .
  • Kiss , A . 2004 . Is community-based ecotourism a good use of biodiversity conservation funds? . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 19 ( 5 ) : 232 – 7 .
  • Kuper , A . 1995 . “ Auskommen ohne Einkommen: Überleben in der aufgelassenen Bergbausiedlung Uis in Namibia ” . IKO-Verlag, Koln
  • Li , W . 2006 . Community decision making: Participation in development . Annals of Tourism Research , 33 ( 1 ) : 132 – 43 .
  • Meyer , D . 2003 . “ Outbound UK tour operating industry and implications for PPT in Developing Countries ” . PPT Working Paper No. 17. ODI/IIED/ICRT (Overseas Development Institute/International Institute for Environment and Development/International Centre for Responsible Tourism), London
  • Mitchell , J and Ashley , C . 2007 . “ Leakage claims: Muddled thinking and bad for policy? ” . In Overseas Development Institute , London : ODI . Opinion 81
  • Mitchell , J and Faal , J . 2007 . Holiday package tourism and the poor in the Gambia . Development Southern Africa , 24 ( 3 ) : 445 – 64 .
  • Mitchell , J and Muckosy , P . 2008 . “ A misguided quest: Community-based tourism in Latin America ” . In Overseas Development Institute , London : ODI . Opinion 102
  • Murphy , C and Halstead , L . 2003 . “ ‘The person with the idea for the campsite is a hero’: Institutional arrangements and livelihood change of community-owned tourism enterprises in Namibia ” . In Directorate of Environmental Affairs , Windhoek : Ministry of Environment and Tourism . DEA Research Discussion Paper 61
  • Murphy , C and Roe , D . 2004 . “ Livelihoods and tourism in communal area conservancies ” . In Livelihoods and CBNRM in Namibia: The Findings of the WILD Project. Final Technical Report of the Wildlife Integration for the Livelihood Diversification (WILD) Project. Prepared for the Directorates of Environmental Affairs and Parks and Wildlife Management , Edited by: Long , S A . Windhoek : Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Government of the Republic of Namibia .
  • Nicanor , N . 2001 . “ Practical strategies for pro-poor tourism: NACOBTA the Namibian case study ” . In Pro-Poor Tourism Partnership , London : ICRT (International Centre for Responsible Tourism), IIED (International Institute for Environment and Development & ODI (Overseas Development Institute) . PPT Working Paper 4
  • Novelli , M and Gebhardt , K . 2007 . Community based tourism in Namibia: ‘Reality show’ or ‘window dressing’? . Current Issues in Tourism , 10 ( 5 ) : 443 – 79 .
  • NPC (National Planning Commission) . 1998 . Poverty Reduction Strategy for Namibia , Windhoek : National Planning Commission .
  • NPC (National Planning Commission) . 2003 . 2001 Population and Housing Census. National Report. Basic Analysis with Highlights , Windhoek : Central Bureau of Statistics .
  • NPC (National Planning Commission) . 2006 . National Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2003/2004. A Preliminary Report , Windhoek : Central Bureau of Statistics .
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) . 2008 . Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth: The Economics and Politics , Paris : DAC (Development Assistance Committee) Guidelines and Reference Series. OECD .
  • Ponte , S . 2008 . “ Developing a ‘vertical’ dimension to chronic poverty research: Some lessons from global value chain analysis ” . In Chronic Poverty Research Centre , University of Manchester . CPRC Working Paper 111
  • Rigg , J . 2006 . Land, farming, livelihoods, and poverty: Rethinking the links in the rural south . World Development , 34 ( 1 ) : 180 – 202 .
  • Salafsky , N , Cauley , H , Balachander , G , Cordes , B , Parks , J , Margoluis , C , Bhatt , S , Encarnacion , C , Russell , D and Margoluis , R . 2001 . A systematic test of an enterprise strategy for community-based biodiversity conservation . Conservation Biology , 15 : 1585 – 95 .
  • Sandbrook , C G . 2010 . Putting leakage in its place: The significance of retained tourism revenue in the local context in rural Uganda . Journal of International Development , 22 ( 1 ) : 124 – 36 .
  • Scheyvens , R . 1999 . Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities . Tourism Management , 20 : 245 – 9 .
  • Scoones , I . 1998 . “ Sustainable rural livelihoods: A framework for analysis ” . Brighton : Institute of Development Studies . IDS Working Papers 72
  • SIAPAC (Social Impact Assessment and Policy Analysis Corporation) . 2003 . Visitor Exit Survey: Final Report for the Directorate of Tourism, Ministry of Environment and Tourism , Windhoek, , Namibia : Directorate of Tourism, Ministry of Environment and Tourism .
  • Simpson , M C . 2008 . Community benefit tourism initiatives: A conceptual oxymoron? . Tourism Management , 29 : 1 – 18 .
  • Spenceley , A . 2008 . “ Local impacts of community-based tourism in southern Africa ” . In Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development , Edited by: Spenceley , A . London : Earthscan .
  • Tao , T CH and Wall , G . 2009 . Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy . Tourism Management , 30 : 90 – 8 .
  • The Mountain Institute . 2000 . Community-based Tourism for Conservation and Development: A Resource Kit , Washington, DC : The Mountain Institute .
  • Tosun , C . 2000 . Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries . Tourism Management , 21 : 613 – 33 .
  • Uddhammar , E . 2006 . Development, conservation and tourism: Conflict or symbiosis? . Review of International Political Economy , 13 ( 4 ) : 556 – 678 .
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) . 2008 . FDI and Tourism: The Development Dimension – East and Southern Africa , New York & Geneva : United Nations .
  • UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization) . 2004 . Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: Recommendations for Actions , Madrid : UNWTO .
  • WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council) . 2006 . Namibia: The Impact of Travel and Tourism on Jobs and the Economy , London : World Travel and Tourism Council .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.