Have public health spending and access in South Africa become more equitable since the end of apartheid?

References

• Alderman , H , Babita , M , Demombynes , G , Makhatha , N and Özler , B . 2003 . How low can you go? Combining census and survey data for mapping poverty in South Africa . Journal of African Economies , 11 ( 2 ) : 169 – 200 . (doi:10.1093/jae/11.2.169)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger , R and Van der Berg , S . 2008 . “ How well is the South African public health care system serving its people? ” . In Transformation Audit , Edited by: Hofmeyr , J . Cape Town : IJR (Institute for Justice and Reconciliation .
   Google Scholar
• Castro-Leal , F , Dayton , J , Demery , L and Mehra , K . 2000 . Public spending on health care in Africa: Do the poor benefit? . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 78 ( 1 ) : 66 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demery , L . 2003 . “ Analyzing the incidence of public spending ” . In The Impact of Economic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution. Evaluation Techniques and Tools , Edited by: Bourguignon , F and Pereira da Silva , L . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• DoH (Department of Health), 2011. National Health Insurance in South Africa: Policy Paper. Government Gazette No. 34523. www.doh.gov.za/docs/notices/2011/not34523.pdf and www.doh.gov.za/docs/notices/2011/not34523-2.pdf Accessed 12 August 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Elbers , C , Lanjouw , J O and Lanjouw , P . 2000 . Welfare in villages and towns. Discussion Paper TI 2000-029/2 , Amsterdam : Tinbergen Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Goudge , J . 1999 . “ The public–private mix ” . In South African Health Review 1999 , Edited by: Crisp , N and Ntuli , A . Durban : Health Systems Trust .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , D . An overview of health and health care in South Africa 1994–2010: Priorities, progress and prospects for new gains . Discussion Document Commissioned by the Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation to help inform the National Health Leaders' Retreat . 24–26 January , Muldersdrift .
   Google Scholar
• Havemann , R and Van der Berg , S . 2003 . The demand for health care in South Africa . Journal for Studies in Economics & Econometrics , 27 ( 3 ) : 1 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Health Systems Trust, 2012. Health indicators. http://indicators.hst.org.za/healthstats/116/related Accessed 16 August 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Lindelow , M . 2005 . The utilisation of curative healthcare in Mozambique: Does income matter? . Journal of African Economies , 14 ( 3 ) : 435 – 82 . (doi:10.1093/jae/eji015)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuel , T A . 2006 . Budget Speech, 15 February. National Treasury, Pretoria. www.treasury.gov.za/documents/national%20budget/2006/speech/speech.pdf Accessed 16 August 2012
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre , D and Ataguba , J . 2009 . Financing and benefit incidence in the South African health system: Preliminary results Working Paper 09-1, Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre , D , Baba , L and Makan , B . 1998 . “ Equity in public sector health care financing and expenditure in South Africa: An analysis of trends between 1995/96 to 2000/01 ” . In South African Health Review 1998 , Edited by: Ntuli , A . Durban : Health Systems Trust .
   Google Scholar
• Mtei , G , Makawia , S , Ally , M , Kuwawenaruwa , A , Meheus , F and Borghi , J . 2012 . Who pays and who benefits from health care? An assessment of equity in health care financing and benefit distribution in Tanzania . Health Policy and Planning , 27 ( 1 ) : i23 – i34 . (doi:10.1093/heapol/czs018)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Treasury, 2004. Trends in intergovernmental finances: 2000/01–2006/07, August. National Treasury, Pretoria . http://www.finance.gov.za Accessed September 2004.
   Google Scholar
• O'Donnell , O , Van Doorslaer , E , Rannan-Eliya , R , Somanathan , A and Adhikari , S R, et al. 2007 . The incidence of public spending on health care: Comparative evidence from Asia . World Bank Economic Review , 21 ( 1 ) : 93 – 123 . (doi:10.1093/wber/lhl009)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell , O , Van Doorslaer , E , Wagstaff , A and Lindelow , M . 2008 . Analysing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data: A Guide to Techniques and their Implementation , Washington , DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Sahn , D E and Younger , SD . 2000 . Expenditure incidence in Africa: Microeconomic evidence . Fiscal Studies , 21 ( 3 ) : 329 – 47 . (doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00027.x)
   Google Scholar
• Smith , M , Solanki , G and Kimmie , K . 1999 . The Second Kaiser Family Foundation Survey of Health Care in South Africa: 1999. http://kff.org/southafrica/1513-index.cfm Accessed 16 August 2012
   Google Scholar
• Van der Berg , S . 2001 . Trends in racial fiscal incidence in South Africa . South African Journal of Economics , 69 ( 2 ) : 243 – 68 . (doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.2001.tb00012.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Berg , S . 2005 . Fiscal expenditure incidence in South Africa, 1995 and 2000 . Report for the National Treasury , www.treasury.gov.za Accessed March 2005
   Google Scholar
• Van der Berg , S . 2009 . “ Fiscal incidence of social spending in South Africa, 2006 ” . In Working Papers 10/2009, Department of Economics , Stellenbosch University .
   Google Scholar
• Wagstaff , A . 2012 . Benefit-incidence analysis: Are government health expenditures more pro-rich than we think? . Health Economics , 21 ( 4 ) : 351 – 66 . (doi:10.1002/hec.1727)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , L and Gilson , L . 2004 . We are bitter but we are satisfied: Nurses as street-level bureaucrats in South Africa . Social Science & Medicine , 59 ( 6 ) : 1251 – 61 . (doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.12.020)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organisation), 2012. National health accounts. www.who.int/nha Accessed 16 August 2012.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 2003 . “ Measuring Living Standards: Household Consumption and Wealth Indices ” . In Quantitative Techniques for Health Equity Analysis, Technical Note 4 , Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Xu , K , Evans , D B , Kawabata , K , Zeramdini , R , Klavus , J and Murray , CJ L . 2003 . Household catastrophic health expenditure: A multi-country analysis . Lancet , 362 : 111 – 6 . (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13861-5)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaqub , S . 1999 . “ How equitable is public spending on health and education? Background paper to WDR 2000/1 ” . Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar