SOC-Based Fast and Stable Charging Control Using Multilevel DC-DC Buck Converter for EVs

References

• EEA. Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector (%). European Environment Agency: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2019. [Online]. Available:https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• S. Chakraborty, H.-N. Vu, M. M. Hasan, D.-D. Tran, M. E. Baghdadi, and O. Hegazy, “DC-DC converter topologies for electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and fast charging stations: State of the Art and future trends,” Energies, Vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1569-–1611, Apr. 2019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Singh, T. Mishra, and R. Banerjee, “Emissions inventory for road transport in India in 2020: Framework and post facto policy impact assessment,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 29, pp. 20844–20863, 2022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factsheet: India. January, 2019. [Online]. Available:https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/greenhouse-gas-emissions-factsheet-india, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• H. Tu, H. Feng, S. Srdic, and S. Lukic, “Extreme fast charging of electric vehicles: A technology overview,” IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrification, Vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 861–878, Dec. 2019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Nykvist, and M. Nilsson, “Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles,” Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 329–332, 2015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. P. Cano, “Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle markets,” Nature Energy, Vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 279–289, 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IEA. Global EV Outlook. 2019. Accessed: Nov. 15, 2019. [Online]. Available:https://www.iea.org/publications/reports/globalevoutlook, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• S. Manzetti, and F. Mariasiu, “Electric vehicle battery technologies: From present state to future systems,” Renew Sust Energ Rev, Vol. 51, pp. 1004–1012, Nov. 2015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challenges for electric vehicles in India: EV problems in India. January 2021. [Online]. Available:https://ecogears.in/top-10-challenges-for-electric-vehicles-in-india, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• A. S. Charles. Botsford, “Fast charging vs. slow charging pros and cons for the new age of electric vehicles,” 24th Electric Vehicle Symposium, pp. 9, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• L. Tan, “Effective voltage balance control for bipolar DC-bus-fed EV charging station with three-level DC–DC fast charger,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 4031–4041, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• A. Garg, and M. Das, “High efficiency three phase interleaved buck converter for fast charging of EV,” in 1st International Conference on Power Electronics and Energy (ICPEE), 2021, pp. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• B. Singh, B. N. Singh, A. Chandra, K. Al-Haddad, A. Pandey, and D. P. Kothari, “A review of three-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind Electron, Vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 641–660, Jun. 2004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. W. Kolar, and T. Friedli, “The essence of three-phase PFC rectifier systems—part I,” IEEE Trans Power Electron, Vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 176–198, Jan. 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Du, S. Lukic, B. Jacobson, and A. Huang, “Review of high power isolated bi-directional DC-DC converters for PHEV/EV DC charging infrastructure,” in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Sep. 2011, pp. 553–560.
   Google Scholar
• P. He, and A. Khaligh, “Comprehensive analyses and comparison of 1 kW isolated DC-DC converters for bidirectional EV charging systems,” IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrification, Vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 147–156, Mar. 2017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Rahimi, S. Habibi, P. Shamsi, and M. Ferdowsi, “An interleaved high step-Up DC-DC converter based on combination of coupled inductor and built-in transformer for photovoltaic-grid electric vehicle DC fast charging systems,” in IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC), 2021, pp. 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• K. Drobnic, “An output ripple-free fast charger for electric vehicles based on grid-tied modular three-phase interleaved converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 6102–6114, Nov.–Dec. 2019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Gaglani, R. Rai, and S. Das, “Implementation of multilevel battery charging scheme for lithium-ion batteries,” in National Power Electronics Conference (NPEC), 2019, pp. 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• A. Dannier, P. Guerriero, M. Coppola, and G. Brando, “Interleaved converter for fast charge of battery system,” in International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), 2018, pp. 425–430.
   Google Scholar
• W. Chen, P. Rong, and Z. Lu, “Snubber less bidirectional DC–DC converter with New CLLC resonant tank featuring minimized switching loss,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 3075–3086, Sept. 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Mandrile, D. Cittanti, V. Mallemaci, and R. Bojoi, “Electric vehicle ultra-fast battery chargers: A boost for power system stability,” World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 16–36, Jan. 2021.
   Google Scholar
• A. Tomaszewska, et al., “Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review,” eTransportation, Vol. 1, pp. 1–28, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• L. Jiang, et al., “Optimization of multi-stage constant current charging pattern based on Taguchi method for li-ion battery,” Appl. Energy, Vol. 259, pp. Art. no. 114148, 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Huang, et al., “A review of pulsed current technique for lithium-ion batteries,” Energies, Vol. 13, no. 10, pp. Art. no. 2458, 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Li, K. Li, Y. Xie, J. Liu, C. Fu, and B. Liu, “Optimized charging of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles: Adaptive multistage constant current–constant voltage charging strategy,” Renewable Energy, Vol. 146, pp. 2688–2699, 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. G. Pinto, J. Afonso, and V. Monteiro, “Power electronics converters for an electric vehicle fast charging station with storage capability,” Green Energy and Networking. GreeNets, Vol. 269 (2018), pp. 119–130, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• R. Fu, D. Zhang, Y. Sun, and P. Yan, “Research of linear charging for repetition-frequency pulse power supply,” IEEE Transaction in Plasma Science, Vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 1585–1590, Jul. 2017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.-R. Chen, N.-Y. Chu, C.-S. Wang, and R.-H. Liang, “Design of a reflex based bidirectional converter with the energy recovery function,” IEEE Trans Ind Electron, Vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 3022–3029, Aug. 2008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. R. Bandyopadhyay, D. P. Thivierge, F. M. Mcneilly, and A. Fredette, “An electronic circuit for trickle charge harvesting from littoral microbial fuel cells,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., Vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 32–42, Jan. 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Faisal, M. A. Hannan, P. J. Ker, M. S. Hossain Lipu, and M. N. Uddin, “Fuzzy-based charging–discharging controller for lithium-ion battery in microgrid applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 4187–4195, July-Aug. 2021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Parisi. “Multiphase buck design from start to finish (Part 1).” Texas Instruments, Application Report SLVA882, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• M. Murnane, and A. Ghazel, “A closer look at state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation techniques for batteries,” Analog Devices, Vol. 2, pp. 426–436, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• R. Kumar, and B. Singh, “Grid interfaced solar PV based water pumping using brushless DC motor drive,” in IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), 2016, pp. 1–6.
   Google Scholar