Counting people in the data revolution era: challenges and opportunities for population censusesFootnote^*

* The article is the result of the work of both authors, but while Introduction, Conclusion, second, third and fourth sections may be attributed to Biagio Aragona, the fifth, sixth and seventh sections are of Donatella Zindato.

References

• Abbatini, D., et al., 2007. La progettazione dei Censimenti Generali 2010–2011. 2 – Analisi comparativa di esperienze censuarie estere e valutazione di applicabilità di metodi e tecniche ai censimenti italiani. Documenti ISTAT, n. 9. Available from: http://www.istat.it/it/files/2011/04/2007_9.pdf [Accessed April 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Amoore, L., 2006. Biometric borders: governing mobilities in the war on terror. Political geography, 25, 336–351. doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragona, B., 2008. Una nuova cultura del dato. Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale, 87, 159–172.
   Google Scholar
• Baffour, B., King, T., and Valente, P., 2013. The modern census: evolution, examples and evaluation. International statistical review, 81, 407–425. doi:10.1111/insr.12036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barchiesi, D., et al., 2015. Quantifying international travel flows using Flickr. PloS one, 10 (7), 1–11, e0128470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benassi, F., et al., 2014. Managing census complexity through highly integrated web systems. Istat, Rivista di Statistica Ufficiale n. http://www.istat.it/it/files/2015/03/Art.3_Managing-census-complexity.pdf [Accessed March 2014].
   Google Scholar
• Boccia Artieri, G., 2015. Gli effetti sociali del web. Forme della comunicazione e metodologie della ricerca on-line. Milano: Franco Angeli.
   Google Scholar
• Botta, F., Moat, H.S., and Preis, T., 2015. Quantifying crowd size with mobile phone and Twitter data. Royal society open science, 2 (5), 150–162. doi: 10.1098/rsos.150162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, D. and Crawford, K., 2012. Critical questions for big data. Information, communication and society, 15 (5), 662–679. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.678878
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brackstone, G., 1999. Managing data quality in a statistical agency. Survey methodology, 25 (2), 139–149.
   Google Scholar
• Breiman, L., 1994. The 1991 census adjustment: undercount or bad data? Statistical science, 9 (2), 458–475.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. et al., 2008. Big data computing: creating revolutionary breakthroughs in commerce, Science and Society, December, Computing Community Consortium. Available from: http://www.cra.org/ccc/docs/init/Big_Data.pdf [Accesssed 25 September 2015].
   Google Scholar
• Burrows, R. and Savage, M., 2014. After the crisis? Big data and the methodological challenges of empirical sociology. Big data and society, 1 (1), 1–6. doi: 10.1177/2053951714540280
   Google Scholar
• Cassata, L. and Tamburrano, M.T., 2011. The 15th population census pilot survey: how the register driven census changes the enumerators role. In: S. Migani and M. Costa, eds. Statistics in the 150 years from Italian unification”, Serie Ricerche n. 10, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche “Paolo Fortunati”, Bologna. Available from: http://amsacta.unibo.it/3202/1/Quaderni_2011_10_SIS2011_BookofShortPaper.pdf [Accessed April 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Chignard, S., 2013. A brief history of open data, Paris Tech Review, 29 March. Available from: http://www.paristechreview.com/2013/03/29brief-history-open-data/ [Accessed 25 September 2015].
   Google Scholar
• CRA, 2003. Grand research challenges in information systems. The Computing Research Association. Available from: http://archive.cra.org/reports/gc.systems.pdf [Accessed 10 September 2016].
   Google Scholar
• De Jonge, E., Van Pelt, M., and Roos, M., 2012. Time patterns, geospatial clustering and mobility statistics based on mobile phone network data. Discussion paper 201214, Statistics Netherlands. Available from: http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/010F11EC-AF2F-4138-82012583D461D2B6/0/201214x 10pub.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2015].
   Google Scholar
• Desroiséres, A., 1998. The politics of large numbers: a history of statistical reasoning. Cambridge: Harward University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dodge, M. and Kitchin, R., 2004. Flying through code/space: the real virtuality of air travel. Environment and planning A 36, 195–211. doi: 10.1068/a3698
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferruzza, A., Mastroluca, S., and Zindato, D., 2007. “I censimenti esteri: modelli a confronto alla luce dei regolamenti internazionali”. Relazione presentata alla Conferenza: Censimenti generali 2010–2011. Criticità e innovazioni. Roma 21–22 November. Available from: http://www3.istat.it/istat/eventi/2007/interconferenza/interventi/Ferruzza_Mastroluca_Zindato.pdf [Accessed July 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Fortini, M., et al., 2007. La progettazione dei Censimenti Generali 2010–2012. 3 – Criticità di processo e di prodotto nel 14° Censimento generale della popolazione e delle abitazioni: aspetti rilevanti per la progettazione del 15° Censimento. Documenti ISTAT, n. 10. Available from: http://www.istat.it/it/files/2011/04/2007_10.pdf [Accessed April 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Giovannini, E., 2011. Statistica 2.0: the next level. In: AA.VV. Atti della 10a conferenza di Statistica, Rome: ISTAT, 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Giovannini, E., 2014. Conoscenza e politica al tempo dei big data. Bologna: Il Mulino.
   Google Scholar
• Herzog, T.N., Scheuren, F., and Winkler, W.E., 2007. Data quality and record linkage techniques. New York: Springer Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Hilbert, M. and Lopez, P., 2011. The world’s technological capacity to store, communicate and compute information. Science, 10 (331), 703–705.
   Google Scholar
• Istat, 2009. A new strategy for the 2011 Italian population census. Product innovations and the compliance with CES Recommendations, UNECE/CES Group of Experts on Population and Housing Censuses, Twelfth Meeting, Geneva, 28–30 October. Available from: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/ece/ces/ge.41/2009/5.e.pdf [Acessed April 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Istat, 2012. A new strategy for the 2011 Lessons learned from use of registers and geocoded databases in population and housing census. In: Sixtieth plenary session, 6–8 June, Paris. Available from: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/ece/ces/2012/22-IP_Italy.pdf [Accessed April 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Kitchin, R., 2014. The data revolution: big data, open data, data infrastructures and their consequences. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kitchin, R. and Lauriault, T.P., 2014. Towards critical data studies: charting and unpacking data assemblages and their work. The programmable city working paper, 2.
   Google Scholar
• Körner, Thomas, 2014. Report on the definition, identification and analysis of mode effects. Deliverable for work package III of the ESSnet on Data Collection for Social Surveys Using Multiple Modes.
   Google Scholar
• Kotzamanis, B., et al., 2004. Documentation of the 2000 round of population and housing census in the EU, EFTA and candidates countries. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Available from: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-CC-04-003/EN/KS-CC-04-003-EN.PDF [Accessed April 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Lee, R.M., 2000. Unobtrusive methods in social research. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Machin, A., 1998. Reducing statistical burdens on business. Government Statistical Service Methodology Series, 9, Office for National Statistics, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Martinotti, G., 1988. Metropolitan areas in Italy 1961–1981. A statistical exploration into criteria for definition. Paper presented at the second international conference on policy strategies and projects for metropolitan areas, 4 November. Milan.
   Google Scholar
• Mayo, E., 1933. The human problems of an industrial civilisation. New York: MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, M., 1996. An introduction to genetic algorithms. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
   Google Scholar
• Picci, M. and Sindoni, G., 2012. Nuovi metodi e tecniche per il censimento della popolazione. In B. Aragona, ed. (a cura di), Interrogare le fonti 2: un confronto interdisciplinare sull’uso delle fonti statistiche. Proceedings of the Conference of the Methodology Section of the Italian Sociological Association, Napoli, 14–15 June 2012. Napoli: Liguori Editore.
   Google Scholar
• Salus, P., 1995. Casting the net: from arpanet to internet and beyond. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Savage M., Burrows, R., 2007. The coming crisis of empirical sociology. Sociology, 41 (5), 885–899. doi: 10.1177/0038038507080443
   Google Scholar
• Sgritta, G.B., ed., 1988. Immagini della società italiana. Rome: ISTAT.
   Google Scholar
• Struijs, P., et al., 2014. Official statistics and Big Data. Big Data & Society, 1 (1), 1–6. doi:10.1177/2053951714538417
   Google Scholar
• The Economist, 2010. The data deluge: businesses, governments and society are only starting to tap its vast potential, Feb 25th, print edition.
   Google Scholar
• UNECE, 1998. Recommendations for the 2000 censuses of population and housing in the ECE region. published by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in cooperation with the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). Statistical Standards and Studies - No. 49, United Nations publication: New York, USA and Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• UNECE, 2006. Conference of European statisticians recommendations for the 2010 censuses of population and housing. Published by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in cooperation with the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). United Nations publication: Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• UNECE, 2014. Measuring population and housing. Practices of UNECE countries in the 2010 round of censuses. Published by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. United Nations publication: New York, USA and Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• UNECE, 2015. Conference of European statisticians recommendations for the 2020 censuses of population and housing, United Nations, Published by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in cooperation with the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). United Nations publication: New York, USA and Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• UNECE, 2016. Outcomes of the UNECE project on using big data for official statistics. Geneva: UNECE.
   Google Scholar
• Uprichard, E., Burrows, R., and Byrne, D., 2008. SPSS as an ‘inscription device': from causality to description? The sociological review, 56 (4), 606–622. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2008.00807.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, E.J., et al., 1966. Unobtrusive methods: nonreactive research in the social sciences. Chicago: Rand McNally.
   Google Scholar
• Willeboordse, A., 1998. Minimizing response burden. In: A. Willeboordse, ed. Handbook on design and implementation of business surveys. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 111–118.
   Google Scholar
• Zindato, D., 2012. Nuove prospettive per il censimento della popolazione. Verso il censimento continuo. In: B. Aragona, ed. (a cura di), Interrogare le fonti 2: un confronto interdisciplinare sull’uso delle fonti statistiche. Napoli: Liguori Editore, 27–31.
   Google Scholar