References
- Acheson, R. 2019. A Fight for the Moral and Political Credibility of the ATT. ATT Monitor 12 (8). https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/att/monitor/ATTMonitor12.8.pdf.
- Amnesty International. 2020. Human Rights in Middle East and North Africa - Review in 2019. Accessed 8 November 2020. https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/report-middle-east-and-north-africa/.
- ASER (Action Sécurité Ethique Républicaines). 2019. Conseil d’Etat. Section du Contentieux. Requête sommaire [Council of State. Litigation section. Summary request]. Paris. https://aser-asso.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Requ%C3%AAte-sommaire_Conseil-dEtat-ASER19-novembre-2019.pdf.
- Assemblée Nationale [National Assembly - France]. 2018. Compte rendu no. 66. Commission de la défense nationale et des forces armées. Mercredi 30 Mai 2018. Session Ordinaire de 2017-2018 [Report no. 66. National defence and armed forces commission. Wednesday 30 May 2018. 2017-2018 ordinary session]. http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/cion_def/l15cion_def1718066_compte-rendu.
- Béraud-Sudreau, L. 2020. French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty. London: Routledge/IISS.
- Bonaglia, M. 2018a. Demande de suspension des licences d’exportation de matériels de guerre et matériels assimilés à destination des pays membres de la coalition menée par l’Arabie saoudite et impliqués dans la guerre au Yémen (articles L2335-4 et R2335-15 du Code de la défense) [Request for the suspension of licences for the export of military items and relatedmaterial towards countries that are members of the coalition led by Saudi Arabia and involvedin the conflict in Yemen (articles L2335-4 and R2335-15 of the Defence Code)]. Paris, 1 March. https://aser-asso.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Demande-de-suspension_ASER_01-mars-2018.pdf.
- Bonaglia, M. 2018b. Demande de suspension des licences d’exportation de matériels de guerre et matériels assimilés à destination des pays membres de la coalition menée par l’Arabie saoudite et impliqués dans la guerre au Yémen (articles L2335-4 et R2335-15 du Code de la défense)-ANNEXE [Request for the suspension of licences for the export of military items and related material towards countries that are members of the coalition led by Saudi Arabia and involved in the conflict in Yemen (articles L2335-4 and R2335-15 of the DefenceCode)-ANNEX]. Paris. https://aser-asso.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Annexe-1-demande-de-suspension-transfert-darmes-du-gouvernement-fran%C3%A7ais-vers-lacoalition-des-pays-en-guerre-au-Yemen.pdf.
- Breham, J., and Greig, L. 2018. Avis Juridique: Les Transferts d’armes de la France dans le cadre du conflit au Yemen, a competer d’Avril 2015 jusqu’a la periode actuelle. [Legal advice: France’s arms transfers within the framework of the conflict in Yemen from April 2015 to the present day]. Ancile Avocats (AARPI). Paris, 16 March. https://amnestyfr.cdn.prismic.io/amnestyfr%2Fb2bf59b9-cd8e-471f-a689-e8e84f151b17_etude+juridique_cabinet+ancile_transfert+d%27armes+de+la+france+dans+le+cadre+du+conflit+au+y%C3%A9men.pdf.
- Brehm, M. 2007. The Arms Trade and States’ Duty to Ensure Respect for Humanitarian and Human Rights Law. Journal of Conflict & Security Law (12) 3: 359-87.
- Bromley, M. 2012. The Review of the EU Common Position on Arms Exports: Prospects for Strengthened Controls. EU Non-Proliferation Papers no. 7. Stockholm: SIPRI. https://www.nonproliferation.eu/the-review-of-the-eu-common-position-on-arms-exports-prospects-for-strenghtened-controls-2/.
- Bromley, M., Cooper, N., and Holtom, P. 2012. The UN Arms Trade Treaty: Arms Export Controls, the Human Security Agenda and the Lessons of History. International Affairs 88 (5): 1029–48.
- Bromley, M., and Maletta, G. 2020. Developments in the European Union’s Dual-use and Arms Trade Controls. In SIPRI Yearbook 2020: Armament, Disarmament and International Security: 559–67. Oxford University Press.
- CAAT (Campaign Against Arms Trade). 2020. CAAT Files New Judicial Review Application Against Decision to Renew Arms Sales to Saudi Arabia. 27 October. https://caat.org.uk/news/caat-files-new-judicial-review-application-against-decision-to-renew-arms-sales-to-saudi-arabia/.
- Camera dei Deputati [Chamber of Deputies - Italy]. 2019. Mozione 1/00204 [Motion 1/00204]. 24 June. https://aic.camera.it/aic/scheda.html?numero=1-00204&ramo=C&leg=18.
- Camera dei Deputati. 2020. Mozione 8/00096 [Motion 8-/00096]. 22 December. https://aic.camera.it/aic/scheda.html?numero=8-00096&ramo=C&leg=18.
- Casey-Maslen, S., Clapham, A., Giacca, G., and Parker, S. 2016. The Arms Trade Treaty: A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Cops, D. 2020. Past and Future of the Review of the EU Common Position on Arms Exports. Flemish Peace Institute Blog. Accessed November 2020. https://vlaamsvredesinstituut.eu/en/blog/past-and-future-of-the-review-of-the-eu-common-position-on-arms-exports/.
- Cour Administratif d’Appel de Paris [Administrative Court of Appeal of Paris]. 2019. Ordonnance du 26 Septembre 2019 [Order of 26 September 2019]. No. 19PA02929. Paris. https://aser-asso.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Ordonnance-n%C2%B019PA02929-Cour-administrative-dappel-26-septembre-2019.pdf.
- Court of Appeal. 2019. Judgement. Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) v The Secretary of State for International Trade. Case No: T3/2017/2079. London, 20 June. https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CAAT-v-Secretary-of-State-and-Others-Open-12-June-2019.pdf.
- Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2018. Udenrigsministeriet suspenderer godkendelser af eksport af våben til Saudi-Arabien [Ministry of Foreign Affairs suspends arms exports to Saudi Arabia]. 22 November. https://um.dk/da/nyheder-fra-udenrigsministeriet/NewsDisplayPage/?newsID=BDBBFF5A-060C-41FF-BD7C-FC55D691C7F5.
- Dörmann, K., and Serralvo, J., 2014. Common Article 1 to the Geneva Conventions and the Obligation to Prevent International Humanitarian Law Violations. International Review of the Red Cross 96 (895/896): 707–36.
- Duquet, N., ed. 2014. Business as Usual? Assessing the Impact of the Arab Spring on European Arms Export Control Policies. Brussels: Flemish Peace Institute.
- Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2019. Dutch Arms Export Policy in 2018 1 July. https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2019/07/01/dutch-arms-export-policy-in-2018.
- Erickson, J. L. 2011. Market Imperative Meets Normative Power: Human Rights and European Arms Transfer Policy. European Journal of International Relations 19 (2): 209–34.
- Erickson, J. L. 2015. Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation. New York: Columbia University Press.
- European Parliament. 2020. Arms Export: Implementation of Common Position 2008/944/CFSP. 2020/2003(INI). 17 September. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2020-0137_EN.html.
- Ferro, L. 2019. Western Gunrunners, (Middle-)Eastern Casualties: Unlawfully Trading Arms with States Engulfed in Yemeni Civil War? Journal of Conflict & Security Law 24 (3): 503–35.
- Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2018. No Foundations for Arms Export Authorisations to Saudi Arabia or the United Arab Emirates. 22 November. https://um.fi/current-affairs/-/asset_publisher/gc654PySnjTX/content/ei-edellytyksia-uusille-asevientiluville-saudi-arabiaan-tai-arabiemiraatteihin?curAsset=0&stId=44227.
- Hansen, S. T. 2016. Taking Ambiguity Seriously: Explaining the Indeterminacy of the European Union Conventional Arms Export Control Regime. European Journal of International Relations 22 (1). DOI:10.1177/1354066115584086.
- Hansen, S. T., and Marsh, N. 2015. Normative Power and Organized Hypocrisy: European Union Member States’ Arms Export to Libya. European Security 24 (2): 264–86.
- Henckaerts, J. M., and Doswald-Beck, L. ed. 2005a. Customary International Humanitarian Law. Volume I: Rules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Henckaerts, J. M., and Doswald-Beck, L. ed. 2005b. Customary International Humanitarian Law. Volume II: Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- High Court of Justice. 2016. Skeleton Argument of the Claimant. Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) v The Secretary of State for International Trade. Case No CO/1306/2016. London. https://caat.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-01-30.caat-skeleton.pdf.
- High Court of Justice. 2017. Open Skeleton Argument of the Secretary of State for Hearing 7, 8, 10 February 2017. Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) v The Secretary of State for International Trade. Case No CO/1306/2016. London. https://caat.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-02-03.defendant-skeleton.pdf.
- Human Rights Watch. 2020. World Report 2020: Yemen. Accessed 8 November 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/yemen.
- ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross). 1999a. Arms Availability and the Situation of Civilians in Armed Conflict: A Study Presented by the ICRC. ICRC publication 1999 ref. 0734. Geneva. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/icrc_002_0734_arms_availability.pdf.
- ICRC. 1999b. 27th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, Geneva, 31 October to 6 November 1999. Plan of Action for the Years 2000-2003. Geneva. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/article/other/57jq8k.htm.
- ICRC. 2003. 28th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Resolution 1: Adoption of the Declaration and Agenda for Humanitarian Action. Final Goal 2.3 – Reduce the human suffering resulting from the uncontrolled availability and misuse of weapons. Geneva. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/resolution/28-international-conference-resolution-1-2003.htm.
- ICRC. 2007. 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: Resolution 3. Reaffirmation and Implementation of International Humanitarian Law: Preserving Human Life and Dignity in Armed Conflict. Geneva. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/resolution/30-international-conference-resolution-3-2007.htm.
- ICRC. 2011. 31th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: Resolution 2: 4-year Action Plan for the Implementation of International Humanitarian Law. Objective 5: Arms Transfers. Geneva. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/publication/p1130.htm.
- ICRC. 2016. Commentary on the First Geneva Convention. Geneva. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/full/GCI-commentary.
- Lammerant, H. 2020. Are Courts Going to Set a Higher Standard for Human Rights Due Diligence in Arms Exports? IPIS Arms Trade Bulletin September–October 2020. 5 November. https://ipisresearch.be/weekly-briefing/arms-trade-bulletin-september-october-2020/.
- Landais, C. 2018. Requete no. 1807203. Memoire en défense. [Statement of defence]. 23 November. https://aser-asso.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/M%C3%A9moire-en-d%C3%A9fense-du-23-novembre-2018.pdf.
- Laurance, E. J. 1998. Controlling the Availability and Unlawful Use of Arms at the International Level: The United Nations and Civil Society. In ICRC, ed. Arms Availability and Violations of International Humanitarian Law and the Deterioration of the Situation of Civilians in Armed Conflicts. Oslo: Expert Group Meeting Report, 18-20 May.
- Laurance, E. J. 2011. 1991 Arms Trade Control Efforts and Their Echoes. Arms Control Today 41 (6). https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2011-07/1991-arms-trade-control-efforts-their-echoes#11.
- Maletta, G. 2019. Legal Challenges to EU Member States’ Arms Exports to Saudi Arabia: Current Status and Potential Implications. SIPRI Topical Backgrounder. Stockholm: SIPRI. https://www.sipri.org/commentary/topical-backgrounder/2019/legal-challenges-eu-member-states-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-current-status-and-potential.
- OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2020. Situation of Human Rights in Yemen, Including Violations and Abuses since September 2014. Report of the Group of Eminent International and Regional Experts on Yemen. A/HRC/45/6. 28 September. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/GEE-Yemen/2020-09-09-report.pdf.
- Open. 2019. Armi italiane in Yemen, Di Maio annuncia lo stop: «Così freniamo l’immigrazione» – Il video [Italian arms in Yemen, Di Maio announces the stop: “This is how we halt immigration” – The video]. 11 July. https://www.open.online/2019/07/11/armi-italiane-yemen-di-maio-annuncia-stop-freniamo-immigrazione/.
- Parker, S. ed. 2016. The Arms Trade Treaty: A Practical Guide to National Implementation. Geneva: The Small Arms Survey.
- Parker, S., and Wilson, M. 2016. A Guide to the UN Small Arms Process. 2016 Update. Geneva: The Small Arms Survey. http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/Q-Handbooks/HB-02-Diplo-Guide/SAS-HB02-Guide-UN-Small-Arms-Process.pdf.
- Spiegel. 2020. Rüstungsexporte an Saudi-Arabien bleiben verboten [Arms exports to Saudi Arabia remain prohibited]. 10 December. https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/saudi-arabien-bundesregierung-verlaengert-stopp-von-ruestungsexporten-a-a32661ae-96cc-4285-b9a4-ae58c0a8cb25.
- Stavrianakis, A. 2016. Legitimising Liberal Militarism: Politics, Law and War in the Arms Trade Treaty. Third World Quarterly 37 (5): 840–65.
- Stavrianakis, A. 2017. When ‘Anxious Scrutiny’ of Arms Exports Facilitates Humanitarian Disaster. The Political Quarterly 89 (1): 92–9.
- Stavrianakis, A. 2018. Controlling Weapons Circulation in a Postcolonial Militarised World. Review of International Studies 45 (1): 57–76.
- Stavrianakis, A. 2020. Requiem for Risk: Non-knowledge and Domination in the Governance of Weapons Circulation. International Political Sociology 14 (3): 233–51.
- SVT Nyheter. 2019. Fyrpartiuppgörelsen: Stopp för vapenexport till Jemenkriget [The four-party agreement: Stop arms exports to the Yemeni war]. 20 January. https://www.svt.se/nyheter/utrikes/fyrpartiuppgorelsen-stopp-for-vapenexport-till-jemenkriget.
- Tribunal Administratif de Paris [Administrative court of Paris]. 2019. Exportation d’armes vers le Yemen [Arms exports to Yemen]. Communiqué de presse. Paris, 9 July. http://paris.tribunal-administratif.fr/Actualites-du-Tribunal/Communiques-de-presse/EXPORTATION-D-ARMES-VERS-LE-YEMEN.
- Tricot O’Farrel, K., and Isbister, R. 2018. The Beginning of the End? European Arms Exports for the Yemen War. Saferworld, 1 March. https://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/news-and-analysis/post/759-the-beginning-of-the-end-european-arms-exports-for-the-yemen-war.
- Truss, E. 2020. Trade Update: Written Statement - HCWS339. 7 July. https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answersstatements/written-statement/Commons/2020-07-07/HCWS339/
- United Nations. 2019. Humanitarian Crisis in Yemen Remains the Worst in the World, Warns UN. UN News, 14 February. https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/02/1032811?fbclid=IwAR0aTOMYI2J6OTtbY9KLTetPVXpwjtl86p9ZfwRiZEeyoQCda5uExbDYV1o.
- UNSC (United Nations Security Council). 2020. Letter dated 27 January 2020 from the Panel of Experts on Yemen addressed to the President of the Security Council. S/2020/326.
- Wezeman, P. D. 2018. Saudi Arabia, Armaments and Conflict in the Middle East. SIPRI Topical Backgrounder. Stockholm: SIPRI. https://www.sipri.org/commentary/topical-backgrounder/2018/saudi-arabia-armaments-and-conflict-middle-east.
- Wezeman, P. D., and Kuimova, A. 2019. Military Spending and Arms Imports by Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the UAE. SIPRI Fact Sheet. Stockholm: SIPRI. https://www.sipri.org/publications/2019/sipri-fact-sheets/military-spending-and-arms-imports-iran-saudi-arabia-qatar-and-uae.
- Wezeman, P. D., et al. 2020. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2019. SIPRI Factsheet. Stockholm: SIPRI. https://www.sipri.org/publications/2020/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-international-arms-transfers-2019.
- Yihdego, Z. 2007. The Arms Trade and International Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing.