References
- Auster , C.J. 2001 . Transcending potential antecedent leisure constraints: The case of women motorcycle operators . Journal of Leisure Research , 23 : 332 – 344 .
- Bjerregard , P. , Young , T.K. , Dewailly , E. and Ebbesson , S.O. 2004 . Indigenous health in the Arctic: An overview of the circumpolar Inuit population . Scandinavian Journal of Public Health , 32 : 390 – 395 .
- Cheah , C.S.L. and Nelson , L.J. 2004 . The role of acculturation in the emerging adulthood of aboriginal college students . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 28 : 495 – 507 .
- Chick , G. and Dong , E. 2005 . “ Cultural constraints on leisure ” . In Constraints to Leisure , Edited by: Jackson , E.J. 169 – 185 . State College , PA : Venture .
- Crawford , D.W. , Jackson , E.L. and Godbey , G. 1991 . A hierarchical model of leisure Constraints . Leisure Sciences , 13 : 309 – 320 .
- Deavers , K. L. and Brown , D.L. 1985 . National resources dependence, rural development and rural poverty , Washington , DC : US Department of Agriculture .
- Deering , K.N. , Lix , L.M. , Bruce , S. and Young , T.K. 2009 . Chronic diseases and risk factors in Canada's northern populations: Longitudinal and geographic comparisons . Canadian Journal of Public Health , 100 : 14 – 17 .
- du Plessis , V. , Beshiri , R. , Bollman , R.D. , & Clemenson , H. 2002 . Definitions of “rural .” ( Agriculture and Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 61 ). Ottawa , Ontario : Statistics Canada, Agriculture Division .
- Gilbert , D. and Hudson , S. 2000 . Tourism demand constraints: A skiing participation . Annals of Tourism Research , 27 : 906 – 925 .
- Godbey , G. , Crawford , D.W. and Shen , X.S. 2010 . Assessing hierarchical leisure constraints theory after two decades . Journal of Leisure Research , 42 ( 1 ) : 111 – 134 .
- Government of the Northwest Territories . 2000 . Northwest Territories transportation . Yellowknife , , NWT . Government of the Northwest Territories
- Haggard , E.A. 1973 . “ Some effects of geographic and social isolation in natural settings ” . In Man in isolation and confinement , Edited by: Rasmussen , J.E. 98 – 143 . Chicago , IL : Aldine Publishing Company .
- Headquarters, Department of the Army . 2010 . Military morale, welfare and recreation programs and nonappropriated fund instrumentalities ( Army Regulation 251–1 ). Washington , DC : Author .
- Health Canada . 2008 . Diabetes among Aboriginal (First Nations, Inuit and Metis) people in Canada: The evidence . Ottawa , Ontario : Health Canada .
- Henderson , K.A. , Stalnaker , D. and Taylor , G. 1988 . The relationship between barriers to recreation and gender-role personality traits for women . Journal of Leisure Research , 20 ( 1 ) : 69 – 80 .
- Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada . 2006 . Natural resources Canada – Northwest Territories . Ottawa , Ontario : Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada .
- Horn , J.G. 1985 . Recruitment and preparation of quality teachers for rural schools , Manhattan , KS : Kansas State University .
- Hughes , J. 2010 . Putting the pieces together: How public health nurses in rural and remote Canadian communities respond to intimate partner violence . Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care , 10 ( 1 ) : 34 – 47 .
- Hultsman , W. 1995 . Recognizing patterns of leisure constraints: An extension of the exploration of dimensionality . Journal of Leisure Research , 27 ( 3 ) : 228 – 244 .
- Jackson , E.L. 1990 . Variations in the desire to begin a leisure activity: Evidence of antecedent constraints? . Journal of Leisure Research , 22 ( 1 ) : 55 – 70 .
- Jackson , E.L. 1993 . Recognizing patterns of leisure constraints: Results from alternative analyses . Journal of Leisure Research , 25 ( 2 ) : 129 – 149 .
- Jackson , E.L. 1994 . Geographical aspects of constraints on leisure and recreation . The Canadian Geographer , 38 ( 2 ) : 110 – 121 .
- Jackson , E.L. 1997 . In the eye of the beholder: A comment on Samdahl & Jekubovich (1997), “A critique of leisure constraints: Comparative analyses and understandings . Journal of Leisure Research , 29 : 458 – 468 .
- Jackson , E.L. 2000 . Will research on leisure constraints still be relevant in the twenty-first century? . Journal of Leisure Research , 32 : 62 – 68 .
- Jackson , E.L. , Crawford , D.W. and Godbey , G. 1993 . Negotiation of leisure constraints . Leisure Sciences , 15 : 1 – 11 .
- Jackson , E.L. and Rucks , V.C. 1993 . Reasons for ceasing participation and barriers to participation: Further examination of constrained leisure as an internally homogenous concept . Leisure Sciences , 15 : 217 – 230 .
- Jardine , C.G. , Boyd , A.D. and Furgal , C.M. 2009 . Gender and place influences on health risk perspectives in northern Canadian Aboriginal communities . Gender, Place & Culture , 16 ( 2 ) : 201 – 223 .
- Jones , J. and Rosenberg , M.W. 1992 . Regional development, remote communities and alternative transportation services . Geografiska Annaler , 74 ( 3 ) : 199 – 209 .
- Kay , T. and Jackson , G. 1991 . Leisure despite constraints: The impact of leisure constraints on leisure participation . Journal of Leisure Research , 23 ( 4 ) : 301 – 313 .
- Kenny , M.E. , Gualdron , L. , Scanlon , D. , Sparks , E. , Blustein , D.L. and Jernigan , M. 2007 . Urban adolescents’ constructions of supports and barriers to educational and career attainment . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 54 ( 3 ) : 336 – 343 .
- Lankford , S.V. 1993 . Barriers to recreation participation for individuals and families . Journal of Recreation & Leisure , 13 ( 1 ) : 57 – 65 .
- Lankford , S.V. , Kowalski , C.L. , Grybovych , O. , Schuarte , G. and Neal , L.L. 2007 . An examination of the benefits of leisure and recreation opportunities to residents of a remote and isolated community: A study of the Northwest Territories of Canada . ICHPER-SD Journal of Research , 2 ( 2 ) : 19 – 23 .
- Mannell , R.C. and Kleiber , D.A. 1997 . A social psychology of leisure , State College , PA : Venture .
- Markus , H.R. and Kitayama , S. 1991 . Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion and motivation . Psychological Review , 98 : 224 – 253 .
- McGuire , F.A. 1984 . A factor analytic study of leisure constraints in advanced adulthood . Leisure Sciences , 6 ( 3 ) : 313 – 326 .
- Mead , E. , Gittelsohn , J. , De Roose , E. and Sharma , S. 2010 . Important psychosocial factors to target in nutrition interventions to improve diet in Inuvialuit communities in the Canadian Arctic . Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics , 23 : 92 – 99 .
- Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs: Task Force on Rural and Remote Education, Training, Employment and Children's Services . 2001 . National framework for rural and remote education . Australia : MCEETYA .
- Northwest Territories Bureau of Statistics . 2002 . 2002 Population Survey: Preliminary Results
- Nyaupane , G.P. and Andereck , K.L. 2008 . Understanding travel constraints: Application an extension of a leisure constraints model . Journal of Travel Research , 46 ( 4 ) : 433 – 440 .
- Nyaupane , G.P. , Morais , D.B. and Graefe , A.R. 2004 . Nature tourism constraints: A cross-activity comparison . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 3 ) : 540 – 555 .
- Raymore , L.A. , Godbey , G. and Crawford , D.W. 1994 . Self-esteem, gender and socioeconomic status: Their relation to perceptions of constraints on leisure among adolescents . Journal of Leisure Research , 26 ( 2 ) : 99 – 119 .
- Raymore , L.A. , Godbey , G. , Crawford , D.W. and von Eye , A. 1993 . Nature and process of leisure constraints: An empirical test . Leisure Sciences , 15 : 99 – 113 .
- Samdahl , D.M. and Jekubovich , N.J. 1997 . A critique of leisure constraints: Comparative analyses and understandings . Journal of Leisure Research , 29 ( 4 ) : 430 – 452 .
- Searle , M.S. and Jackson , E.L. 1985 . Recreation non-participation and barriers to participation: Considerations for the management of recreation delivery systems . Journal of Parks & Recreation Administration , 3 ( 2 ) : 23 – 35 .
- Shaw , S.M. , Bonen , A. and McCabe , J.F. 1991 . Do more constraints mean less leisure? Examining the relationship between constraints and participation . Journal of Leisure Research , 23 ( 4 ) : 286 – 300 .
- Shaw , S.M. and Henderson , K. 2005 . “ Gender analysis and leisure constraints: An uneasy alliance ” . In Constraints to leisure , Edited by: Jackson , E.L. 23 – 34 . State College , PA : Venture .
- Statistics Canada . ( 2009a ). Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 32.1). Table 05-0433: Leisure-time physical activity, by age group and sex, household population aged 12 and over, Canada, Provinces, Territories, Health Regions (June 2005 boundaries) and peer groups, every 2 years . Ottawa , Ontario : Statistics Canada .
- Statistics Canada . ( 2009b ). Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 32.1). Table 05-0501: Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, Provinces, Territories, Health Regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional . Ottawa , Ontario : Statistics Canada .
- Stodolska , M. 1998 . Assimilation and leisure constraints: Dynamics of constraints on leisure in immigrant populations . Journal of Leisure Research , 30 ( 4 ) : 521 – 551 .
- Walker , G.J. , Jackson , E.L. and Deng , J. 2007 . Culture and leisure constraints: A comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese university students . Journal of Leisure Research , 39 : 567 – 590 .
- Walker , G. and Virden , R. 2005 . “ Constraints on outdoor recreation ” . In Constraints to Leisure , Edited by: Jackson , E.L. 201 – 219 . State College , PA : Venture .
- Wang , J. 2000 . Leisure constraints among Chinese urban adolescents . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 71 ( Suppl. ) : A51
- Wang , J. 2001 . Leisure constraints among adolescents in China and the United States . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 72 ( Suppl. ) : A37
- Witt , P.A. and Goodale , T.L. 1981 . The relationships between barriers to leisure enjoyment and family stages . Leisure Sciences , 4 ( 1 ) : 29 – 49 .
- World Leisure Professional Services . 2004 . Northwest Territories: Community recreation needs assessment . Cedar Falls , IA : World Leisure Professional Services .