References
- Abromeit , H. 1998 . Democracy in Europe. Legitimising politics in a non-state polity , New York : Berghahn Books .
- Andersen , S.S. and Burns , T.R. 1996 . “ The European Union and the erosion of parliamentary democracy: a study in post-parliamentary governance ” . In The European Union: how democratic is it? , Edited by: Andersen , S.S. and Eliassen , K.A. 227 – 267 . London : Sage .
- Beetham , D. and Lord , C. 1998 . Legitimacy and the European Union , London : Longman .
- Benz , A. 1998 . From cooperative federalism to multi-level governance: German and EU regional policy . Regional and Federal Studies , 10 ( 3 ) : 505 – 522 .
- Benz , A. 2000 . Two types of multi-level governance: intergovernmental relations in German and EU regional policy . Regional and Federal Studies , 10 ( 3 ) : 21 – 44 .
- Benz , A. and Eberlein , B. 1999 . The Europeanization of regional policies: patterns of multi-level governance . Journal of European Public Policy , 6 ( 2 ) : 329 – 348 .
- Benz , A. , Harlow , C. and Papadopoulos , Y. 2007 . European Law Journal , 13 ( special issue no 4 )
- Benz, A., and C. Zimmer. 2008. The EU’s competences: the ‘vertical’ perspective on the multilayered system. Living Review on European Governance 3, no. 3, http://www.livingreviews.org/lreg-2008-3 (accessed 10 September 2010)
- Burgess , M. 2006 . Comparative federalism: theory and practice , New York : Routledge .
- Caramani , D. 2004 . The nationalization of politics. The formation of national electorates and party systems in western Europe , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Cohen , J. and Rogers , J. 1995 . Associations and democracy , London : Verso .
- Cohen , J. and Sabel , C. 1997 . Directly-deliberative polyarchy . European Law Journal. , 3 ( 4 ) : 313 – 342 .
- Commission of the European Communities (2001). European Governance. A White Paper. Brussels, COM(2001) 428 final. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0428en01.pdf. (accessed28 July 2011).
- Committee of the Regions. 2009. The Committee of the Regions’ White Paper on multi-level governance, CdR 89/2009 fin FR/EXT/RS/GW/ym/ms, http://www.cor.europa.eu/pages/EventTemplate.aspx. (accessed 10 September 2010)
- Duverger , M. 1951 . Les partis politiques , Paris : Colin .
- Eberlein , B. and Kewrer , D. 2004 . New governance in the European Union: a theoretical perspective . Journal of Common Market Studies. , 42 ( 1 ) : 121 – 142 .
- Elazar , D. 1995 . From statism to federalism: a paradigm shift . Publius: The Journal of Federalism. , 25 ( 2 ) : 5 – 18 .
- Elazar , D. 2001 . “ The United States and the European Union: models of their epochs ” . In The federal vision. Legitimacy and levels of governance in the United States and the European Union , Edited by: Nicolaidis , K. and Howse , R. 1 – 53 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- EUSA Review Forum . 2001 . The Commission White Paper and European governance . EUSA Review , 14 ( 4 ) : 1 – 8 .
- Fabbrini , S. 2007 . Compound Democracies. Why the United States and Europe Are Becoming Similar , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Gerstenberg , O. and Sabel , C.F. 2002 . “ Directly-deliberative polyarchy: an institutional ideal for Europe? ” . In Good governance in Europe’s integrated market , Edited by: Joerges , C. and Dehousse , R. 289 – 341 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Hix , S. 2008 . What’s wrong with the European Union and how to fix it , Cambridge : Polity Press .
- Hooghe , L. and Marks , G. 2001 . Multi-level governance and European integration , Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
- Hughes, J., G. Sasse, and C. Gordon. 2003. EU enlargement and power asymmetries: conditionality and the Commission’s role in regionalization in Central and Eastern European. Working Paper 49/03, http://www.one-europe.ac.uk. (accessed 10 September 2010)
- Jachtenfuchs , M. 1995 . Theoretical perspectives on European governance . European Law Review , 1 ( 2 ) : 115 – 133 .
- Katzenstein , P. 1985 . Small states in world markets. Industrial policy in Europe , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
- Kohler-Koch , B. and Rittberger , B. 2007 . Debating the democratic legitimacy of the European Union , Lanham, MD : Rowman and Littlefield .
- Lehmbruch , G. and Schmitter , P. 1982 . Patterns of corporatist policymaking , London : Sage .
- Leibfried , S. and Zürn , M. 2005 . Transformations of the state? , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Lord , C. 1998 . Democracy in the European Union , Sheffield : Sheffield University Press .
- Lord , C. 2001 . Assessing democracy in a contested polity . Journal of Common Market Studies , 39 ( 4 ) : 641 – 661 .
- Lord , C. 2004 . A democratic audit of the European Union , London : Palgrave-Macmillan .
- Lord , C. and Pollak , J. 2010 . The EU’s many representative modes: colliding? cohering? . Journal of European Public Policy , 17 ( 1 ) : 117 – 136 . Accessed 10 September 2010
- Mavrogordatos , G.T. 1996 . Duverger and the Jacobins . European Journal of Political Research , 30 ( 1 ) : 1 – 17 .
- Michels , R. 1949 . Political parties. a sociological inquiry of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracies , Glencoe, IL : Free Press .
- Offe , C. 1981 . “ The attribution of public status to interest groups: observations on the West German case ” . In Organizing interests in western Europe , Edited by: Berger , S. 123 – 158 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Piattoni , S. 2010 . The theory of multi-level governance: conceptual, empirical and normative challenges , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Piattoni, S. In press. The committee of the regions and the upgrading of subnational territorial representation. In Democracy and representation in the EU, ed. S. Kröger and D. Friedrich. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan.
- Pitkin , H. 1967 . The concept of representation , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
- Poggi , G. 1978 . The development of the modern state. a sociological introduction , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
- Pollak , J. 2007 . Contested meanings of representation . Comparative European Politics , 5 : 87 – 103 .
- Rokkan, S. 1966. Norway: numerical democracy and corporate pluralism. In Political opposition in western democracies, ed. R. Dahl New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 70–115
- Sabel, C., and J. Zeitlin. 2007. Learning from difference: the new architecture of experimentalist governance in the European Union. European Governance Papers (EUROGOV), No. C-07-02, http://www.connex-network.org/eurogov/pdf/egp-connex-C-07-02.pdf. (accessed 10 September 2010)
- Sabel , C. and Zeitlin , J. 2010 . Experimentalist governance in the European Union. Towards a new architecture , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Sbragia, A. 2007. Intergovernmental relations or multi-level governance? Transatlantic comparisons and reflections, paper prepared for delivery at the EGPA’s Annual Conference on Public Administration and the Management of Diversity, Madrid, Spain, September 19–22.
- Scharpf , F. 1988 . The joint-decision trap: lessons from German federalism and European integration . Public Administration , 66 : 239 – 238 .
- Scharpf , F.W. 1999 . Governing in Europe: effective and democratic? , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Scharpf , F. 2009 . Legitimacy in the multilevel European polity . European Political Science Review. , 1 ( 2 ) : 173 – 204 .
- Schmidt , V. 2006 . Democracy in Europe. The EU and national polities , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Schmitter , P. 1981 . “ Interest intermediation and regime governability in contemporary Western Europe and North America ” . In Organizing interests in Western Europe , Edited by: Berger , S. 287 – 330 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Schmitter , P. 2000 . How to democratize the European Union… and why bother , Lanhman, MD : Rowman and Littlefield .
- Schmitter , P. and Lehmbruch , G. 1979 . Trends toward corporatist intermediation , London : Sage .
- Schmitter, P., and J. Grote. 1997. The corporatist Sisyphus: past, present and future. EUI Working Papers SPS No. 97/4.
- Smismans , S. 2004 . Law, Legitimacy and European governance. Functional participation in social regulation , Oxford : Oxford University Press .