References
- Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.). Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11–39). Heidelberg: Springer.
- Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality and behavior. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
- Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. (1991). Prediction of leisure participation from behavioural, normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Leisure Sciences, 13, 185–204.
- Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. (1992). Application of the theory of planned behavior to leisure choice. Journal of Leisure Research, 24, 207–224.
- Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioural control. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, 453–474.
- Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In B. Petrov & F. Csake (Eds.). Second international symposium on information theory. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
- Alexandris, K., & Carroll, B. (1997a). An analysis of leisure constraints based on different recreational sport participation levels: Results from a study in Greece. Leisure Sciences, 19, 1–15.
- Alexandris K., & Carroll, B. (1997b). Demographic differences in the perception of constraints on recreational sport participation: results from a study in Greece. Leisure Studies, 16, 107–125.
- Alexandris K., & Carroll, B. (1999). Constraints on recreational sport participation within the adult population in Greece: Implications for the provision and management of sport services. Journal of Sport Management, 13, 317–332.
- Alexandris, K., Grouios, G., Tsorbatzoudis, H., & Bliatsou, P. (2001). Relationship between perceived constraints and commitment to recreational sport participation of university students in Greece. International Journal of Sport Management, 2, 282–297.
- Armitage, C., & Conner, M. (1999). The theory of planned behavior: Assessment of predictive validity and “perceived control”. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 35–54.
- Biddle, S., & Nigg, C. (2000). Theories of exercise behavior. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31, 290–304.
- Boothby, J., Tungatt, F. M., & Townsend, A. (1981). Ceasing participation in sports activity: Reports and their implications. Journal of Leisure Research, 13, 1–14.
- Buttle, F., & Bok, B. (1996). Hotel marketing strategy and the theory of reasoned action. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 8, 5–10.
- Carroll, B., & Alexandris, K. (1997). Perception of constraints and strength of motivation: Their relation to recreational sport participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 279–299.
- Crawford, D., & Godbey, G. (1987). Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure. Leisure Sciences, 9, 119–127.
- Crawford, D., Jackson, E. L., & Godbey, G. (1991). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 13, 309–320.
- Dawson, K., Gyurcsik, N., Culos-Reed, N., & Brawley, L. (2001). Perceived control: A construct that bridges theories of motivated behavior. In Roberts, G. ( Ed.). Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 321–357). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Dzewaltowski, D. (1989). Toward a model of exercise motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 251–269.
- Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Welsey.
- Godin, G. (1994). Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior: Usefulness for exercise promotion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 1391–1394.
- Hagger, M., Chatzisarantis, N., & Biddle, S. (2001). The influence of self-efficacy and past behavior on the physical activity intentions of young people. Journal of Sport Sciences, 19, 711–725.
- Hagger, M., Chatzisarantis, N., & Biddle, S. (2002). A meta-analytic review of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior in physical activity: Predictive validity and the contribution of additional variables. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 3–32.
- Hanna, N., & Wozniak, R. (2001). Consumer behavior: An applied approach. NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Hausenblas, H., Carron, A., & Mack, D. (1997). Application of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to exercise behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 36–51.
- Hrubes, D., Ajen, I., & Daigle, J. (2001). Predicting hunting intentions and behavior: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Leisure Sciences, 23, 165–178.
- Hubbard, J., & Mannell, R. (2001). Testing competing models of the leisure constraint negotiation process in a corporate employee recreation setting. Leisure Sciences, 23, 145–163.
- Jackson, E. L. (1993). Recognizing patterns of leisure constraints: Results from alternative analyses. Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 129–149.
- Jackson, E. L. (2000). Will research on leisure constraints still be relevant in the twentyfirst century? Journal of Leisure Research, 32, 62–68.
- Jackson, E. L., Crawford, D., & Godbey, G. (1993). Negotiation of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 15, 1–12.
- Jackson, E., & Henderson, K. (1995). Gender-based analysis of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17, 31–51.
- Jackson, E., & Rucks, V. (1995). Negotiation o f leisure constraints by junior-high and high-school students: An exploratory study. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 85–105.
- Jackson, E., & Scott, D. (1999). Constraints to Leisure. In E. Jackson & T. Burton (Eds). Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty first century (pp. 299–321). Pennsylvania: Venture Publishing.
- Kay, T., & Jackson, G. (1991). Leisure despite constraint: The impact of leisure constraints on leisure participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 23, 301–313.
- Kimiecik, J. (1992). Predicting vigorous physical activity of corporate employees: Comparing the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14, 192–206.
- Mcguire, A., Dottavio, D., & O’leary, J. (1986). Constraints to participation in outdoor recreation across the life span: A nation-wide study of limitors and prohibitors. The Gerontologist, 26, 538–544.
- Raedeke, T. D., & Burton, D. (1997). Personal investment perspective on leisure-time physical activity participation: Role of incentives, program compatibility, and constraints. Leisure Sciences, 19, 201–228.
- Raymore, L., Godbey, G. & Crawford, D. (1994). Self-esteem, gender, socio-economic status: Their relation to perceptions of constraint on leisure among adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 26, 99–118.
- Raymore, L., Godbey, G., Crawford, D., & Von Eye, A. (1993). Nature and process of leisure constraints: An empirical test. Leisure Sciences, 15, 99–113.
- Shaw, S., Bonen, A., & Mccabe, J. (1991). Do more constraints mean less leisure? Examining the relationship between constraints and participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 23, 286–300.
- Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications for future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 325–343.
- Smith, A., & Biddle, S. (1999). Attitudes and exercise adherence: Test of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 269–281.
- Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (1989). Using multivariate statistics (2nd Edition). New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
- Theodorakis, Y. (1994). Planned behavior, attitude strength, role identity, and the prediction of exercise behavior. The Sport Psychologist, 8, 149–165.
- Veal, A. (1992). Research methods for leisure and tourism: A practical guide. London: Longman.