259
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The relationship between wind and sea surface temperature anomalies in the mid‐latitude North Pacific Ocean

, &
Pages 168-186 | Received 10 Aug 1982, Published online: 15 Nov 2010

References

  • Arthur , R.A. 1966 . Estimation of mean monthly anomalies of sea‐surface temperature . J. Geophys. Res. , 71 : 2689 – 2690 .
  • Barnett , T.P. 1978 . “ The role of the oceans in the global climate system ” . In Climate Change , Edited by: Gribbin , J. 157 – 177 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • _____ . 1981a . Statistical prediction of North American air temperature from Pacific predictors . Mon. Weather Rev. , 109 : 1021 – 1041 .
  • _____ . 1981b . On the nature and causes of large‐scale thermal variability in the central North Pacific Ocean . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 11 : 887 – 904 .
  • Bartlett , M.S. 1978 . An Introduction to Stochastic Processes , 362 New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Bathen , K.H. 1972 . On the seasonal changes in the depth of the mixed layer in the North Pacific Ocean . J. Geophys. Res. , 77 : 7138 – 7150 .
  • Bjerknes , J. 1966 . A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperatures . Tellus , 18 : 820 – 829 .
  • _____ . 1972 . Large‐scale atmospheric response to the 1964–65 Pacific equatorial warming . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 2 : 212 – 217 .
  • Camp , N.T. and Elsberry , R.L. 1978 . Oceanic thermal response to strong atmospheric forcing. II. The role of one‐dimensional processes . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 8 : 215 – 224 .
  • Chelton , D.B. , Bernal , P.A. and McGowan , J.A. 1982 . Large‐scale interannual physical and biological interaction in the California Current . J. Mar. Res. , 40 : 1095 – 1125 .
  • Chervin , R.M. , Kutzbach , J.E. , Houghton , D.D. and Gallimore , R.G. 1980 . Response of the NCAR general circulation model to prescribed changes in ocean surface temperature. Part II: Midlatitude and subtropical changes . J. Atmos. Sci. , 37 : 308 – 332 .
  • Clark , N.E. 1972 . Specification of sea surface temperature anomaly patterns in the eastern North Pacific . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 2 : 391 – 404 .
  • Davis , R.E. 1976 . Predictability of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 6 : 249 – 266 .
  • _____ . 1978 . Predictability of sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 8 : 233 – 246 .
  • _____ , DeSzoeke , R. and Niiler , P. 1981 . Variability in the upper ocean during MILE. Part II: Modeling the mixed layer response . Deep‐Sea Res. , 28A : 1453 – 1475 .
  • Denman , K.L. and Miyake , M. 1973 . Upper layer modification at Ocean Station Papa: Observation and simulation . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 3 : 185 – 196 .
  • Egger , J. 1977 . On the linear theory of the atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies . J. Atmos. Sci. , 34 : 603 – 614 .
  • Elsberry , R.L. and Camp , N.T. 1978 . Oceanic thermal response to strong atmospheric forcing. I. Characteristics of forcing events . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 8 : 206 – 214 .
  • _____ and Garwood , R.W. JR. 1978 . Sea surface temperature anomaly generation in relation to atmospheric storms . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , 59 : 786 – 789 .
  • Enfield , D.B. and Allen , J.S. 1980 . On the structure and dynamics of monthly mean sea level anomalies along the Pacific Coast of North and South America . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 10 : 557 – 578 .
  • Fissel , D.B. , Pond , S. and Miyake , M. 1977 . Computation of surface fluxes from climatological and synoptic data . Mon. Weather Rev. , 105 : 26 – 36 .
  • Frankignoul , C. and Hasselmann , K. 1977 . Stochastic climate models, Part D. Application to sea‐surface temperature anomalies and thermocline variability . Tellus , 29 : 289 – 305 .
  • Haney , R.L. 1980 . A numerical case study of the development of large‐scale thermal anomalies in the central North Pacific Ocean . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 10 : 541 – 556 .
  • _____ , Shiver , W.S. and Hunt , K.H. 1978 . A dynamical‐numerical study of the formation and evolution of large‐scale ocean anomalies . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 8 : 952 – 969 .
  • _____ , Risch , M.S. and Heise , G.C. 1981 . Wind forcing due to synoptic storm activity over the North Pacific Ocean . Atmosphere‐Ocean , 19 : 128 – 147 .
  • Horel , J.D. and Wallace , J.M. 1981 . Planetary‐scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the interannual variability of sea surface temperature in the equatorial Pacific . Mon. Weather Rev. , 109 : 813 – 829 .
  • Hoskins , B.J. and Karoly , D.J. 1981 . The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographie forcing . J. Atmos. Sci. , 38 : 1179 – 1196 .
  • Houtman , B.H. 1981 . “ Relationships between synoptic storm activity and sea surface temperature anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean ” . 82 Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School . M.S. Thesis
  • Huang , J.C.K. 1978 . Response of the NCAR general circulation model to North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies . J. Atmos. Sci. , 35 : 1164 – 1179 .
  • _____ . 1979 . Numerical case studies for oceanic thermal anomalies with a dynamical model . J. Geophys. Res. , 84 : 5717 – 5726 .
  • Jacob , W.J. 1967 . Numerical semiprediction of monthly mean sea surface temperature . J. Geophys. Res. , 72 : 1681 – 1689 .
  • Julian , P.R. and Chervin , R.M. 1978 . A study of the Southern Oscillation and Walker Circulation phenomenon . Mon. Weather Rev. , 106 : 1433 – 1451 .
  • Klein , P. and Coantic , M. 1981 . A numerical study of turbulent processes in the marine upper layers . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 11 : 849 – 863 .
  • Kraus , E.B. and Turner , J.S. 1967 . A one‐dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline. II. The general theory and its consequences . Tellus , 19 : 98 – 106 .
  • Kraus , W. 1981 . The erosion of a thermocline . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 11 : 415 – 433 .
  • Krueger , A.F. and Winston , J.S. 1975 . Large‐scale circulation anomalies over the tropics during 1971–72 . Mon. Weather Rev. , 103 : 465 – 473 .
  • Kutzbach , J.E. , Chervin , R.M. and Houghton , D.D. 1977 . Response of the NCAR general circulation model to prescribed changes in ocean surface temperature. Part I: Mid‐latitude changes . J. Atmos. Sci. , 34 : 1200 – 1213 .
  • Namias , J. 1965 . Macroscopic association between mean monthly sea‐surface temperature and the overlying winds . J. Geophys. Res. , 70 : 2307 – 2318 .
  • _____ . 1972 . Experiments in objectively predicting some atmospheric and oceanic variables for the winter of 1971–72 . J. Appl. Meteorol. , 11 : 1164 – 1174 .
  • _____ . 1976a . Some statistical and synoptic characteristics associated with El Niño . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 6 : 130 – 138 .
  • _____ . 1976b . Negative air‐ocean feedback systems over the North Pacific in the transition from warm to cold seasons . Mon. Weather Rev. , 104 : 1107 – 1121 .
  • _____ . 1978 . Multiple causes of the North American abnormal winter 1976–77 . Mon. Weather Rev. , 106 : 279 – 295 .
  • _____ . 1980 . Cause of some extreme Northern Hemisphere climatic anomalies from summer 1978 through the subsequent winter . Mon. Weather Rev. , 108 : 1333 – 1346 .
  • Niiler , P.P. and Kraus , E.B. 1977 . “ One‐dimensional models of the upper ocean ” . In Modelling and Prediction of the Upper Layers of the Ocean , Edited by: Kraus , E.B. 143 – 172 . Elmsford, New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Opsteegh , J.D. and Van den Dool. , H.M. 1980 . Seasonal differences in the stationary response of a linearized primitive equation model: Prospects for long‐range weather forecasting? . J. Atmos. Sci. , 37 : 2169 – 2185 .
  • Panofsky , H.A. and Brier , G.W. 1976 . Some Applications of Statistics to Meteorology , 224 University Park, Penn. : Pennsylvania State University Press .
  • Preisdendorfer , R.W. and Barnett , T.P. Significance tests for empirical orthogonal functions . Reprints, Fifth Conf. on Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric Sciences . Nov. 15–18 1977 , Las Vegas. pp. 169 – 172 . Am. Meteorol. Soc. .
  • Price , J.F. 1981 . Upper ocean response to a hurricane . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 11 : 153 – 175 .
  • _____ , Mooers , C.N.K. and Van Leer. , J.C. 1978 . Observation and simulation of storm‐induced mixed‐layer deepening . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 8 : 582 – 599 .
  • Ramage , C.S. 1975 . Preliminary discussion of the meteorology of the 1972–73 El Niño . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , 56 : 234 – 242 .
  • Rogers , J.C. 1976 . Sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern North Pacific and associated wintertime atmospheric fluctuations over North America, 1960–73 . Mon. Weather Rev. , 104 : 985 – 993 .
  • Rowntree , P.R. 1972 . The influence of tropical east Pacific Ocean temperatures on the atmosphere . Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , 98 : 290 – 321 .
  • _____ . 1976a . Tropical forcing of atmospheric motions in a numerical model . Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , 102 : 583 – 605 .
  • _____ . 1976b . Response of the atmosphere to a tropical Atlantic Ocean temperature anomaly . Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , 102 : 607 – 625 .
  • Sciremammano , F. JR. 1979 . A suggestion for the presentation of correlations and their significance levels . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 9 : 1273 – 1276 .
  • Simpson , J. 1969 . On some aspects of air‐sea interaction in middle latitudes . Deep‐Sea Res. Suppl. , 16 : 233 – 262 .
  • Simpson , R.W. and Downey , W.K. 1975 . The effect of a warm mid‐latitude sea surface temperature anomaly on a numerical simulation of the general circulation of the Southern Hemisphere . Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , 101 : 847 – 867 .
  • Spar , J. and Atlas , R. 1975 . Atmospheric response to variations in sea surface temperature . J. Appl. Meteorol. , 14 : 1235 – 1245 .
  • Walsh , J.E. and Richman , M.B. 1981 . Seasonality in the associations between surface temperatures over the United States and the North Pacific Ocean . Mon. Weather Rev. , 109 : 767 – 783 .
  • _____ and Sater , J.E. 1981 . Monthly and seasonal variability in the ocean‐ice‐atmosphere systems of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic . J. Geophys. Res. , 86 : 7425 – 7445 .
  • Webster , P.J. 1981 . Mechanisms determining the atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies . J. Atmos. Sci. , 38 : 554 – 571 .
  • _____ . 1982 . Seasonality in the local and remote atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies . J. Atmos. Sci. , 39 : 41 – 52 .
  • White , W. , Bernstein , R. , McNally , G. , Pazan , S. and Dickson , R. 1980 . The thermocline response to transient atmospheric forcing in the interior midlatitude North Pacific 1976–1978 . J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 10 : 372 – 384 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.