485
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Fundamental Research / Recherche fondamentale

Response of the Subtropical Gyre Circulation in the North Pacific Ocean to CO2 Quadrupling

, &
Pages 307-317 | Received 20 Dec 2018, Accepted 16 Aug 2019, Published online: 15 Oct 2019

References

  • Capotondi, A., Alexander, M. A., Bond, N. A., Curchitser, E. N., & Scott, J. (2012). Enhanced upper ocean stratification with climate change in the CMIP3 models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117, C04031. doi: 10.1029/2011JC007409
  • Chelton, D. B., Gaube, P., Schlax, M. G., Early, J. J., & Samelson, R. M. (2011). The influence of nonlinear mesoscale eddies on near-surface oceanic chlorophyll. Science, 334, 328–332. doi: 10.1126/science.1208897
  • Chen, C., & Wang, G. (2015). Role of North Pacific mixed layer in the response of SST annual cycle to global warming. Journal of Climate, 28, 9451–9458. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00349.1
  • Conkright, M. E., Antonov, J. I., Baranova, O., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H. E., Gelfeld, R., … Stephens, C. (2002). NOAA Atlas NESDIS 2: World Ocean Database 2001, Volume 1: Introduction (S. Levitus, Ed.). Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Cravatte, S., Delcroix, T., Zhang, D., McPhaden, M. J., & Leloup, J. (2009). Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific Warm Pool. Climate Dynamics, 33, 565–589. doi: 10.1007/s00382-009-0526-7
  • Deser, C., Alexander, M. A., & Timlin, M. S. (1996). Upper-ocean thermal variations in the North Pacific during 1970–1991. Journal of Climate, 9, 1840–1855. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1840:UOTVIT>2.0.CO;2
  • Deser, C., Phillips, A. S., & Alexander, M. A. (2010). Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L10701. doi: 10.1029/2010GL043321
  • Guilderson, T. P., & Schrag, D. P. (1998). Abrupt shift in subsurface temperatures in the tropical Pacific associated with changes in El Niño. Science, 281, 240–243. doi: 10.1126/science.281.5374.240
  • Held, I. M., & Soden, J. (2006). Robust response of the hydrological cycle to global warming. Journal of Climate, 19, 5686–5699. doi: 10.1175/JCLI3990.1
  • IPCC. (2014). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC.
  • Jang, C. J., Park, J., Park, T., & Yoo, S. (2011). Response of the ocean mixed layer depth to global warming and its impact on primary production: A case for the North Pacific Ocean. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68, 996–1007. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsr064
  • Latif, M., & Barnett, T. P. (1994). Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America. Science, 266, 634–637. doi: 10.1126/science.266.5185.634
  • Levitus, S., Antonov, J. I., & Boyer, T. P. (2005). Warming of the world ocean, 1955–2003. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L02604. doi: 10.1029/2004GL021592
  • Li, X., & Luo, Y. (2016). Response of North Pacific eastern subtropical mode water to greenhouse gas versus aerosol forcing. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 33(4), 522–532. doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5092-9
  • Liu, F., Luo, Y., Lu, J., & Wan, X. (2017). Response of the tropical Pacific Ocean to El Niño versus global warming. Climate Dynamics, 48, 935–956. doi: 10.1007/s00382-016-3119-2
  • Lorenz, D. J., & Deweaver, E. T. (2007). Tropopause height and zonal wind response to global warming in the IPCC scenario integrations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 112, D10119. doi: 10.1029/2006JD008087
  • Lu, J., Vecchi, G. A., & Reichler, T. (2007). Expansion of the Hadley cell under global warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(6), L06805. doi: 10.1029/2006GL028443
  • Lu, J., & Zhao, B. (2012). The role of oceanic feedback in the climate response to doubling CO2. Journal of Climate, 25(21), 7544–7563. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00712.1
  • Luo, Y., Liu, F., & Lu, J. (2018). Response of the equatorial Pacific thermocline to climate warming. Ocean Dynamics, 68(11), 1419–1429. doi: 10.1007/s10236-018-1209-x
  • Luo, Y., Lu, J., Liu, F., & Garuba, O. (2017). The role of ocean dynamical thermostat in delaying the El Niño-like response over the equatorial Pacific to climate warming. Journal of Climate, 30, 2811–2827. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0454.1
  • Luo, Y., Lu, J., Liu, F., & Liu, W. (2015). Understanding the El Niño-like oceanic response in the tropical Pacific to global warming. Climate Dynamics, 45, 1945–1964. doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2448-2
  • Luo, Y., & Rothstein, L. M. (2011). Response of the Pacific Ocean circulation to climate change. Atmosphere-Ocean, 49(3), 235–244. doi: 10.1080/07055900.2011.602325
  • Luo, Y., Rothstein, L. M., & Zhang, R. (2009). Response of Pacific subtropical-tropical thermocline water pathways and transports to global warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(36), 67–80.
  • McPhaden, M. J., & Zhang, D. (2002). Slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation in the upper Pacific Ocean. Nature, 415, 603–608. doi: 10.1038/415603a
  • Meehl, G. A., Hu, A., & Santer, B. D. (2009). The mid-1970s climate shift in the Pacific and the relative roles of forced versus inherent decadal variability. Journal of Climate, 22(3), 780–792. doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2552.1
  • Miller, A. J., Cayan, D. R., Barnett, T. P., Graham, N. E., & Oberhuber, J. M. (1994). The 1976–77 climate shift of the Pacific Ocean. Oceanography, 7, 21–26. doi: 10.5670/oceanog.1994.11
  • Saenko, A. O., Fyfe, J. C., & England, M. H. (2005). On the response of the oceanic wind-driven circulation to atmospheric CO2 increase. Climate Dynamics, 25(4), 415–426. doi: 10.1007/s00382-005-0032-5
  • Stephens, C., Levitus, S., Antonov, J., & Boyer, T. P. (2001). On the Pacific Ocean regime shift. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 3721–3724. doi: 10.1029/2000GL012813
  • Sun, S., Wu, L., & Qiu, B. (2013). Response of the inertial recirculation to intensified stratification in a two-layer quasigeostrophic ocean circulation model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43(7), 461–470. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0111.1
  • Timmermann, A., Mcgregor, S., & Jin, F. F. (2010). Wind effects on past and future regional sea level trends in the southern Indo-Pacific. Journal of Climate, 23(16), 4429–4437. doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3519.1
  • van Oldenborgh, G. J., Philip, S. Y., & Collins, M. (2005). El Niño in a changing climate: A multi-model study. Ocean Science, 1, 81–95. doi: 10.5194/os-1-81-2005
  • Vecchi, G. A., & Soden, J. (2007). Global warming and the weakening of the tropical circulation. Journal of Climate, 20, 4316–4340. doi: 10.1175/JCLI4258.1
  • Vecchi, G. A., & Wittenberg, A. T. (2010). El Niño and our future climate: Where do we stand? Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1(2), 260–270.
  • Wang, G., Xie, S. P., Huang, R. X., & Chen, C. (2015). Robust warming pattern of global subtropical oceans and its mechanism. Journal of Climate, 28, 8574–8584. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00809.1
  • Wang, L., Liu, Q., Xu, L. X., & Xie, S. P. (2013). Response of mode water and subtropical countercurrent to greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing in the North Pacific. Journal of Ocean University of China, 12(2), 222–229. doi: 10.1007/s11802-013-2193-x
  • Wu, L., Cai, W., Zhang, L., Nakamura, H., Timmermann, A., Joyce, T., … Giese, B. (2012). Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents. Nature Climate Change, 2, 161–166. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1353
  • Wu, L., Lee, D. E., & Liu, Z. (2005). The 1976/77 North Pacific climate regime shift: The role of subtropical ocean adjustment and coupled ocean–atmosphere feedbacks. Journal of Climate, 18(23), 5125–5140. doi: 10.1175/JCLI3583.1
  • Xie, S. P., Deser, C., Vecchi, G. A., Ma, J., Teng, H., & Wittenberg, A. T. (2010). Global warming pattern formation: Sea surface temperature and rainfall. Journal of Climate, 23(4), 966–986. doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1
  • Xie, S. P., Xu, L., Liu, Q., & Kobashi, F. (2011). Dynamical role of mode water ventilation in decadal variability in the central subtropical gyre of the North Pacific. Journal of Climate, 24(4), 1212–1225. doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3896.1
  • Xu, L. X., Xie, S. P., & Liu, Q. (2012). Mode water ventilation and subtropical countercurrent over the North Pacific in CMIP5 simulations and future projections. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, C12009. doi: 10.1029/2012JC008377
  • Xu, L. X., Xie, S. P., Liu, Q., & Kobashi, F. (2012). Response of the North Pacific subtropical countercurrent and its variability to global warming. Journal of Oceanography, 68, 127–137. doi: 10.1007/s10872-011-0031-6
  • Xu, L., Xie, S. P., & Liu, Q. (2013). Fast and slow responses of the North Pacific mode water and subtropical countercurrent to global warming. Journal of Ocean University of China, 12(2), 216–221. doi: 10.1007/s11802-013-2189-6
  • Yin, J. (2005). A consistent poleward shift of the storm tracks in simulations on 21st century climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(18), L18701. doi: 10.1029/2005GL023684
  • Zhang, M., & Song, H. (2006). Evidence of deceleration of atmospheric vertical overturning circulation over the tropical Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L12701. doi: 10.1029/2006GL025942
  • Zhang, R.-H., & Levitus, S. (1997). Structure and cycle of decadal variability of upper-ocean temperature in the North Pacific. Journal of Climate, 10, 710–727. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0710:SACODV>2.0.CO;2
  • Zhang, R.-H., Rothstein, L. M., & Busalacchi, A. J. (1998). Origin of upper-ocean warming and El Niño change on decadal time scales in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Nature, 391, 879–883. doi: 10.1038/36081
  • Zhang, X., Church, J. A., Platten, S. M., & Monselesan, D. (2014). Projection of subtropical gyre circulation and associated sea level changes in the Pacific based on CMIP3 climate models. Climate Dynamics, 43(1-2), 131–144. doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1902-x
  • Zhang, X., Wang, Q., & Mu, M. (2017). The impact of global warming on Kuroshio Extension and its southern recirculation using CMIP5 experiments with a high-resolution climate model MIROC4h. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 127, 815–827. doi: 10.1007/s00704-015-1672-y
  • Zhang, Z., Wang, W., & Qiu, B. (2014). Oceanic mass transport by mesoscale eddies. Science, 345, 322–324. doi: 10.1126/science.1252418

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.