High diversity in Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens characterized by serology and rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting

References

• Abramson , D. 1998 . “ Mycotoxin formation and environmental factors ” . In Mycotoxins in agriculture and food safety , Edited by: Sinha , K. K. and Bhatnagar , D. 255 – 277 . New York : Marcel Dekker Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Abramson , D. , Clear , R. M. , Usleber , E. , Gessier , R. , Nowicki , T. W. and Martlbauer , E. 1998 . Fusarium species and 8-ketotrichothecene mycotoxins in Manitoba barley . Cereal Chem. , 75 : 137 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celetti , M. J. , Fernandez , M. R. , Holzgang , G. , Hughes , G. , Campbell , H. L. and Knox , R. E. 1998 . The incidence of fusarium head blight in spring wheat, durum and barley grown in Saskatchewan during 1997 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. [electronic] , 77 : 77 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Chelkowski , J. 1998 . “ Distribution of Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in cereal grains ” . In Mycotoxins in agriculture and food safety , Edited by: Sinha , K. K. and Bhatnagar , D. 45 – 64 . New York : Marcel Dekker Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Clear , R. M. Fusarium graminearum—a spreading problem . Proceedings Canadian Barley Symposium '99 . Feb. 23–25 1999 , Winnipeg, Man.. pp. 78 – 85 . Winnipeg, Man. : Canadian International Grains Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Clear , R. M. and Abramson , D. 1986 . Occurrence of fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in two samples of Manitoba wheat in 1984 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. , 66 : 9 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Clear , R. M. and Patrick , S. K. 2000 . Fusarium head blight pathogens isolated from fusarium-damaged kernels of wheat in western Canada, 1993 to 1998 . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 22 : 51 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clear , R. M. , Patrick , S. K. , Platford , R. G. and Desjardins , M. 1996 . Occurrence and distribution of Fusarium species in barley and oat seed from Manitoba in 1993 and 1994 . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 18 : 409 – 414 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clear , R. M. , Patrick , S. K. , Nowicki , T. , Gaba , D. , Edney , M. and Babb , J. C. 1997 . The effect of hull removal and pearling on Fusarium species and trichothecenes in hulless barley . Can. J Plant Sci. , 77 : 161 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez , M. R. , Holzgang , G. , Celetti , M. J. and Hughes , G. 1999 . The incidence of fusarium head blight in barley, common wheat and durum wheat grown in Saskatchewan during 1998 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. [electronic] , 79 : 82 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert , J. and Tekauz , A. 1995 . Effects of fusarium head blight and seed treatment on germination, emergence, and seedling vigour of spring wheat . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 17 : 252 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert , J. , Tekauz , A. , Mueller , E. and Kromer , U. 1994 . Occurrence of fusarium head blight in Manitoba in 1993 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. , 74 : 77 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert , J. , Tekauz , A. , Kaethler , R. , McCallum , B. , Mueller , E. and Kromer , U. 1999 . 1998 survey of fusarium head blight in spring wheat in Manitoba . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. [electronic] , 79 : 93
   Google Scholar
• Gilchrist , L. , Rajaram , S. , Mujeeb-Kazi , A. , van Ginkel , M. , Vivar , H. and Pfeiffer , W. 1997 . “ Fusarium scab screening program at CIMMYT ” . In Fusarium Head blight: global status and future prospects , Edited by: Dubin , H. J. , Gilchrist , L. , Reeves , J. and McNab , A. 7 – 12 . Mexico D.F : CIMMYT .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , W. L. , Machacek , J. E. and Hagborg , W. A. F. 1949 . “ Diseases of cereal crops - wheat ” . In Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Canadian Plant Disease Survey—1948 , Ottawa, Ont : Dominion of Canada Department of Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , R. K. 1999 . Seedling blight development and control in spring wheat damaged by Fusarium graminearum group 2 . Plant Dis. , 83 : 1013 – 1018 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , R. K. and Mirocha , C. J. 1999 . Quality parameters in small grains from Minnesota affected by Fusarium head blight . Plant Dis. , 83 : 506 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation . 1998 . Management Plus Program - MPP First Choice Data Browser, 1993–98 , Por- Lage la Prairie, Man : Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , R. A. and Johnston , H. W. 1982 . Effects and control of fusarium diseases of cereal grains in the Atlantic Provinces . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 4 : 210 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCallister , B. Handling malting barley—a producer's perspective . Proceedings Canadian Barley Symposium '99 . Feb. 23– 25 1999 , Winnipeg, Man.. pp. 151 – 153 . Winnipeg, Man. : Canadian International Grains Institute .
   Google Scholar
• McCallum , B. D. and Tekauz , A. 1998a . Vegetative compatibility groups for Giberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) isolated form barley heads . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 20 : 125 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• McCallum , B. and Tekauz , A. 1998b . Inoculation methods for fusarium head blight in barley . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 20 : 215 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCallum , B. D. and Tekauz , A. 1999 . Comparative ability of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and Fusarium avenaceum to cause head blight in barley . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 21 : 203
   Google Scholar
• McCallum , B. , Tekauz , A. , Gilbert , J. , Mueller , E. , Kaethler , R. , Stulzer , M. and Kromer , U. 1997 . Fusarium head blight of barley in Manitoba in 1996 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. [electronic] , 77 : 55
   Google Scholar
• McCallum , B. , Tekauz , A. and Gilbert , J. 1998a . Evaluating barley germplasm for resistance to fusarium head blight . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 20 : 215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCallum , B. , Tekauz , A. , Gilbert , J. , Mueller , E. , Kaethler , R. , Stulzer , M. and Kromer , U. 1998b . Fusarium head blight of barley in Manitoba in 1997 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. [electronic] , 78 : 74
   Google Scholar
• McCallum , B. , Tekauz , A. , Gilbert , J. , Mueller , E. , Kaethler , R. , Stulzer , M. and Kromer , U. 1999 . Fusarium head blight of barley in Manitoba in 1998 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. [electronic] , 79 : 75 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• McMullen , M. , Enz , P. , Lukach , J. and Stover , R. 1997a . Environmental conditions associated with Fusarium head blight epidemics of wheat and barley in the Northern Great Plains, North America . Cereal Dis. Comm. , 25 : 777 – 778 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMullen , M. , Jones , R. and Gallenberg , D. 1997b . Scab of wheat and barley: a re-emerging disease of devastating impact . Plant Dis. , 81 : 1340 – 1448 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMullen , M. P. , Schatz , B. , Stover , R. and Gregoire , T. 1997c . Studies of fungicide efficacy, application timing, and application techniques to reduce Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol . Cereal Res. Comm. , 25 : 779 – 780 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMullen , M. , Halley , S. , Pederson , J. , Moos , J. , Hofman , V. and Panagrahi , S. 1999 . How spray nozzles, pressure, and gpa affect coverage and fungicide efficacy for Fusarium head blight control . Phytopathology , 89 : S106
   Google Scholar
• Mesterhazy , A. 1995 . Types and components of resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat . Plant Breeding , 114 : 377 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. D. 1994 . “ Epidemiology of Fusarium ear diseases of cereals ” . In Mycotoxins in Grain: Compounds other than Aflotoxin , Edited by: Miller , J. D. and Trenholm , H. L. 19 – 39 . St. Paul, Minn : Eagan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , J. D. , Culley , J. , Fraser , K. , Hubbard , S. , Meloche , F. , Oulette , T. , Seaman , W. M. , Seifert , K. A. , Turkington , K. and Voldeng , H. 1998 . Effect of tillage practice on fusarium head blight of wheat . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 20 : 95 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prom , L. K. , Steffenson , B. J. , Salas , B. , Fetch , T. G. Jr. and Casper , H. H. Evaluation of selected barley accessions for resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol concentration . Proceedings V International Oat Conference and VII International Barley Genetics Symposium . Saskatoon, Canada. Poster Sessions , Vol. 2 , pp. 764 – 766 . July 30 – August 6, 1996
   Google Scholar
• Prom , L. K. , Horsley , R. D. , Steffenson , B. J. and Schwarz , PB. 1999 . Development of Fusarium head blight and accumulation of deoxynivalenol in barley sampled at different growth stages . J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. , 57 : 60 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas , B. , Steffenson , B. J. , Casper , H. H. , Tracke , B. , Prom , L. K. , Fetch , T. J. Jr. and Schwarz , PB. 1999 . Fusarium species pathogenic to barley and their associated mycotoxins . Plant Dis. , 83 : 667 – 674 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stack , R. W. 1999 . Return of an old problem: Fusarium head blight of small grains . APSnet Feature , May 1999
   Google Scholar
• Steffenson , B. J. , Prom , L. K. , Salas , B. , Fetch , T. G. Jr. , Wesenberg , D. M. and Bockelman , H. E. Severity of Fusarium head blight and concentrations of deoxynivalenol in near-isogenic lines of barley differing for several agronomic characters . Proceedings V International Oat Conference and VII International Barley Genetics Symposium . Saskatoon, Canada. Poster Sessions , Vol. 2 , pp. 774 – 776 . Saskatoon, Sask. : University Extension Press, University of Saskatchewan . July 30 – August 6, 1996
   Google Scholar
• Symons , S. J. , Clear , R. M. , Bell , K. and Butler , C . 1999 . Identifying wheat and barley seed affected by fusarium head blight , 2nd ed. , Grain Biol. Bull. 2 Winnipeg, Man : Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Committee .
   Google Scholar
• Takeda , K. and Heta , H. 1989 . Establishing the testing method and a search for resistant varieties to Fusarium head blight in barley . Jpn. J. Breeding , 39 : 203 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tekauz , A. Fusarium head blight of barley: a plant pathologist's perspective . Proceedings Canadian Barley Symposium '99 . Feb. 23–25 1999 , Winnipeg, Man.. pp. 87 – 93 . Winnipeg, Man. : Canadian International Grains Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Tekauz , A. and McCallum , B. Fusarium head blight, Fusarium species and mycotoxins in adapted and exotic barleys grown in Manitoba Canada . Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Plant Pathology . August 9–16 1998 , Edinburgh, Scotland. Offered Papers , Vol. 3 , Themes 3,4,5 and Miscellaneous, poster 6.8
   Google Scholar
• Tekauz , A. and McCallum , B. 1999 . Varietal response in barley to fusarium head blight . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 21 : 205 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Tekauz , A. , Gilbert , J. , Mueller , E. , Kaethler , R. and Kromer , U. 1995 . Foliar and head diseases of barley in Manitoba in 1994 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. , 75 : 113 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Tekauz , A. , Gilbert , J. , Mueller , E. , Kaethler , R. and Kromer , U. 1996 . Leaf spots and fusarium head blight of barley in Manitoba in 1995 . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. , 76 : 77
   Google Scholar
• Tekauz , A. , Gilbert , J. and Abramson , D. 1997 . Reaction to fusarium head blight of spring wheats based on symptoms, Fusarium spp., and mycotoxins . Cereal Res. Comm. , 25 : 821 – 822 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , L. S. L. , Abramson , D. , Tekauz , A. , Leisle , D. and McKenzie , R. I. H. 1995 . Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production of Fusarium species causing head blight in wheat cultivars varying in resistance . Can. J. Plant Sci. , 75 : 261 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar