576
Views
89
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Nonindigenous species introductions: a threat to Canada's forests and forest economy1

&
Pages 103-110 | Accepted 19 Dec 2001, Published online: 01 Apr 2010

References

  • Anagnostakis , S. L. 1995 . The pathogens and pests of chestnuts , Adv. Bot. Res. 21 Edited by: Andrews , J. H. and Tommerup , I. 125 – 145 .
  • Australian Quarantine Inspection Service . 1998 . Pest-disease database , Canberra : Australian Quarantine Inspection Service .
  • Basset , Y. , Favaro , A. , Springate , N. D. and Battisti , A. 1992 . Observations on the relative effectiveness of Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) and Scolytus pygmaeus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) as vectors of the Dutch elm disease . Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. , 65 : 61 – 67 .
  • Beardsly , J. W. Jr. 1979 . New immigrant insects in Hawaii: 1962 through 1976 . Proc. Hawaii. Entomol. Soc. , 13 : 35 – 44 .
  • Brasier , C. M. 1990 . China and the origins of Dutch elm disease: an appraisal . Plant Pathol. , 39 : 5 – 16 .
  • Bright , D. E. 1976 . “ The insects and arachnids of Canada ” . In The bark beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) , Part 2. Agric. Can. Publ. 1576
  • Bright , D. E. and Skidmore , R. E. 1997 . A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990–1994) , Ottawa, Ont : NRC Research Press .
  • Canadian Food Inspection Agency1 . 1998 . Import requirements for wood dunnage, pallets, crating or other wood packaging materials Policy Directive D-98-08 Available from, cited May 2002
  • Canadian Forest Service . 1999 . Alien forest pests: context for the Canadian Forest Service's Science Program , Ottawa, Ont : CFS Science Branch .
  • Cavey , J. 1998 . Solid wood packing material from China. Initial pest risk assessment on certain wood boring beetles known to be associated with cargo shipments: Asian Longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), Ceresium, Monochamus and Hesperophanes , Riverdale, Md. : USDA APHIS, Pest Risk Assessment .
  • Dwinell , L. D. and Nickle , W. R. 1989 . An overview of the pine wood nematode ban in North America , USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-55
  • EEC . 1992 . Commission Directive 92/103/EEC of 1 December 1992 amending annexes I to IV to Council Directive 77/93/EEC on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community . Off. J. Eur. Communities , 35 : L 363
  • Faccoli , M. and Battisti , A. Observations on the transmission of Ophiostoma ulmi by the smaller elm bark beetles (Scolytus spp.) . Proceedings of Integrating Cultural Tactics into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests . Edited by: Grégoire , J. C. , Liebhold , A. M. , Stephen , F. M. , Day , K. R. and Salom , S. M. pp. 172 – 176 . USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-236
  • Favaro , A. and Battisti , A. 1993 . Observations on the elm bark beetle Scolytus pygmaeus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) as a possible vector of the fungus Ophiostoma ulmi (Schwarz) Nannfield . Redia , 76 : 459 – 466 .
  • Hagel , S. K. , McDonald , G. and Norby , E. 1989 . White pine blister rust in northern Idaho and western Montana. Alternatives for integrated management , USDA For. Serv. Int. Mt. Res. Stn. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-261
  • Humble , L. M. 2001 . “ Invasive bark and woodboring beetles in British Columbia, Canada ” . In Protection of the World Forests from Insect Pests: Advances in Research , XXI IUFRO World Congress, IUFRO World Series Edited by: Alfaro , E. , Day , K. Salmon , S. Vol. II , 69 – 77 . Vienna, , Austria [on line] Available from http://warehouse.pfc.forestry.ca/pfc/19565.pdf [accessed May 2002]
  • Humble , L. M. and Allen , E. A. Implications of non-indigenous insect introductions in forest ecosystems . IUFRO Proceedings: Population Dynamics and Impacts of Integrated Management of Forest Defoliating Insects . Edited by: Leibhold , A. M. , McManus , M. L. , Otvos , I. S. and Fosbroke , S. L. C. pp. 45 – 55 . USDA For Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR NE-277
  • Kelleher , J. S. and Hulme , M. A. 1984 . “ Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada: 1969–1980 ” . In Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux , Slough, , U.K. : Page Bros. (Norwich) Ltd. .
  • Kendall , K. C. and Schirokauer , D. Alien threats and restoration dilemmas in whitebark and limber pine communities . Making Protection Work: Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands . March 17–21 1997 , Albuuquerque, N.M.. Edited by: Harmon , D. pp. 218 – 225 . Hanover, Mich. : The George Wright Society .
  • Krcmar-Nozic , E. , van Kooten , G. C. and Wilson , B. 2000a . “ Threat to biodiversity: the invasion of exotic species ” . In Conserving nature's diversity: insights from biology, ethics and economics , Edited by: van Kooten , G. C. , Bulte , E. H. and Sinclair , A. E. R. 68 – 87 . Aldershot, , U.K : Ashgate Publishing .
  • Krcmar-Nozic , E. , Wilson , B. and Arthur , L. 2000b . The potential impacts of exotic forest pests in North America: a synthesis of research , Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. BC-X-387
  • Liebhold , A. M. , MacDonald , W. L. , Bergdahl , D. and Mastro , V. C. 1995 . Invasion by exotic forest pests: a threat to forest ecosystems , For. Sci. Monogr. 30
  • Loope , L. L. and Mueller-Dombois , D. 1989 . “ Characteristics of invaded islands, with special reference to Hawaii ” . In Biological invasions: a global perspective , Edited by: Drake , J. A. , Mooney , H. A. , di Castri , F. , Groves , R. H. , Kruger , F. J. , Rejmanek , M. and Williamson , M. 257 – 280 . Chichester, England : John Wiley & Sons .
  • McKeen , C. D. 1995 . Chestnut blight in Ontario: past and present status . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 17 : 295 – 304 .
  • Office of Technology and Assessment . 1993 . Harmful non-indigenous species in the United States , Washington, DC : U.S. Congress, Office of Technology and Assessment . OTA-F-565
  • Seifert , K. A. , Wingfield , B. D. and Wingfield , M. J. 1995 . A critique of DNA sequence analysis in the taxonomy of filamentous Ascomycetes and ascomycetous anamorphs . Can. J. Bot. , 73 : S760 – S767 . Suppl. 1
  • Smith , G. and Hurley , J. E. 2000 . First North American record of the Palearctic species Tetropium fuscum (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) . Coleopt. Bull. , 54 ( 4 ) : 540
  • Solheim , H. 1993 . “ Ecological aspects of fungi associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in Norway ” . In Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma: taxonomy, ecology and pathology , Edited by: Wingfield , M. , Seifert , K. and Webber , J. 235 – 242 . St. Paul, Minn : American Phyto patho logical Society .
  • USDA Forest Service . 1991 . Pest risk assessment of the importation of larch from Siberia and the Soviet far east , USDA For. Serv. Misc. Publ. 1495
  • USDA Forest Service . 1998 . Pest risk assessment of the importation into the United States of unprocessed Pinus and Abies logs from Mexico , USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech Rep. FPL-GTR-104
  • Uzunovic , A. , Yang , D.-Q. , Gagne , P. , Breuil , C. , Bernier , L. , Byrne , A. , Gignac , M. and Kim , S. H. 1999 . Fungi that cause sapstain in Canadian softwoods . Can. J. Microbiol. , 45 : 914 – 922 .
  • Van Sickle , G. A. and Fiddick , R. L. 1982 . “ Forest insect and disease survey 1979, Pacific region ” . In Annual reports of the forest insect and disease survey 1978 and 1979 , 71 – 79 . Ottawa, Ont. : Canadian Forestry Service, Department of the Environment .
  • Wallner , W. E. 1996 . Invasive pests (“biological pollutants”) and US forests: whose problem, who pays? . OEPP/EPPO Bull. , 26 : 167 – 180 .
  • Waterford , H. E. and White , G. A. 1982 . Plant introductions and quarantine: the need for both . Plant Dis. , 66 : 87 – 90 .
  • Webber , J. F. 1990 . Relative effectiveness of Scolytus scolytus, S. multistriatus and S. kirschii as vectors of the Dutch elm disease . Eur. J. For. Pathol. , 20 : 184 – 192 .
  • Wood , S. L. 1982 . The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph . Great Basin Nat. Mem. , 6
  • Wood , S. L. and Bright , D. E. 1992 . A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Part 2: Taxonomic index. Vols. A and B . Great Basin Nat. Mem. , 13

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.