Response of Alnus fruticosa to inoculation with Valsa melanodiscus in roadside and forested environments

References

• Adams, G.C., Catal, M., & Trummer, L. (2009). Distribution and severity of alder phytophthora in Alaska. Fourth Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium. June 15–18 Santa Cruz, CA http://www.suddenoakdeath.org/sodsymposium4/pdf/book_of_abstracts.pdf (http://www.suddenoakdeath.org/sodsymposium4/pdf/book_of_abstracts.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Adams , G.C. , Wingfield , M.J. , Common , R. and Roux , J. 2005 . Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of Cytospora species and related teleomorphs (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae) from Eucalyptus . Stud. Mycol. , 52 : 1 – 147 .
   Google Scholar
• Adams , G.C. , Roux , J. and Wingfield , M.J. 2006 . Cytospora species (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae); introduced and native pathogens of trees in South Africa . Australas. Plant Patho. , 35 : 521 – 549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , G. 2008 . “ Final Report: Searching for invasive pathogens of Alnus incana in the Alaskan alder mortality. Grant #06DG11100100209 ” . In Internal document on file at USDA Forest Service , 1 – 22 . Anchorage : Forest Health Protection .
   Google Scholar
• Bier , J.E. 1953 . The relation of bark moisture to the development of canker diseases caused by native facultative parasites . Can. J. Bot. , 37 : 1140 – 1142 .
   Google Scholar
• Biggs , A.R. , Davis , D.D. and Merrill , W. 1983 . Histopathology of canker on Populus caused by Cytospora chrysosperma . Can. J. Bot. , 61 : 563 – 574 .
   Google Scholar
• Bloomberg , W.J. 1962 . Cytospora canker of poplars: the moisture relations and anatomy of the host . Can. J. Bot. , 40 : 1281 – 1293 .
   Google Scholar
• Bloomberg , W.J. and Farris , S.H. 1963 . Cytospora canker of poplars: bark wounding in relation to canker development . Can. J. Bot. , 41 : 303 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Boyer , J.S. 1995 . Biochemical and biophysical aspects of water deficits and predisposition to disease . Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. , 33 : 251 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapela , I.H. 1989 . Fungi in healthy stems and branches of American beech and aspen: a comparative study . New Phytol. , 113 : 65 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , C.M. 1940 . Studies on the biology of Valsa sordida and Cytospora chrysosperma . Phytopathology , 63 : 451 – 472 .
   Google Scholar
• Filip , G.M. , Parks , C.A. and Starr , G.L. 1992 . Incidence of wound-associated infection by Cytospora sp. in mountain alder, red-osier dogwood, and black hawthorn in Oregon . Northwest Sci. , 66 : 194 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyon , J.C. , Jacobi , W.R. and Mcintyre , G.A. 1996 . Effects of environmental stress on the development of Cytospora canker in aspen . Plant Dis. , 80 : 1320 – 1326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamiri , L.K. and Laemmlen , F.F. 1981 . Effects of drought stress and wounding on Cytospora canker development on Colorado blue spruce . J. Arboric. , 7 : 113 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Karim , M.N. and Mallik , A.U. 2008 . Roadside revegetation by native plants. I. Roadside microhabitats, floristic zonation and species traits . Ecol. Engin. , 32 : 222 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kepley , J.B. and Jacobi , W.R. 2000 . Pathogenicity of Cytospora fungi on six hardwood species . J. Arboric. , 26 : 326 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell , D.L. , Kruger , E.L. and Stanosz , G.R. 1997 . Effects of water stress on colonization of poplar stems and excised leaf disks by Septoria musiva . Phytopathology , 87 : 381 – 388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcpartland , J.M. and Schoeneweiss , D.F. 1984 . Hyphal morphology of Botryosphaeria dothidea in vessels of unstressed and drought-stressed stems of Betula alba . Phytopathology , 74 : 358 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , J.S. and Ruess , R.W. 2009 . Seasonal patterns of climate controls over nitrogen fixation by Alnus viridis subsp. fruticosa in a secondary successional chronosequence in interior Alaska . Ecoscience , 16 : 341 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder , C.P.H. , Roy , B.A. and Güsewell , S. 2008 . Herbivores and pathogens on Alnus viridis subsp. fruticosa in interior Alaska: effects of leaf, tree, and neighbor characteristics on damage levels . Botany , 86 : 408 – 421 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohrs-Richey , J.K. , Mulder , C.P.H. , Winton , L.M. and Stanosz , G.R. 2011 . Physiological performance of an Alaskan shrub (Alnus fruticosa) in response to disease (Valsa melanodiscus) and water stress . New Phytol. , 189 : 295 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohrs-Richey , J.K. 2011 . Biotic pest damage of green alder (Alnus fruticosa): susceptibility to a stem disease (Valsa melanodiscus) and functional changes following insect herbivory , Fairbanks , Alaska, USA : Ph.D. Thesis. University of Alaska .
   Google Scholar
• Ruess , R.W. , McFarland , J.M. , Trummer , L.M. and Rohrs-Richey , J.K. 2009 . Disease-mediated declines in N-fixation inputs by Alnus tenuifolia to early successional floodplains in Interior and South-Central Alaska . Ecosystems , 12 : 227 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiner , E.J. 1931 . Two species of Valsa causing disease in Populus . Amer. J. Bot. , 18 : 1 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair , W.A. , Lyon , H.H. and Johnson , W.T. 1987 . Diseases of trees and shrubs , 194 – 202 . Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stanosz , G.R. , Trummer , L.M. , Rohrs-Richey , J.K. , Smith , D. , Adams , G.C. and Worrall , J.J. 2011 . Response of Alnus tenuifolia to inoculation with Valsa melanodiscus . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 33 : 202 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uliassi , D.D. and Ruess , R.W. 2002 . Limitations to symbiotic nitrogen fixation in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain, Alaska . Ecology , 83 : 88 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USDA . 2009 . Forest health conditions in Alaska – 2008 , Anchorage , AK : USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, Forest Health Protection . Report R10-PR-21Compiled by M. Lamb and T. Wurtz
   Google Scholar
• USDA . 2010 . Forest health conditions in Alaska – 2009 , Anchorage , AK : USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, Forest Health Protection . Report R10-PR-21Compiled by M. Lamb and L. Winton
   Google Scholar
• USDA . 2011 . Forest health conditions in Alaska – 2010 , Anchorage , AK : USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, Forest Health Protection . Report R10-PR-23Compiled by M. Lamb and L. Winton
   Google Scholar
• Worrall , J. J. 2009 . Dieback and mortality of Alnus in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA . Plant Dis. , 93 : 293 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worrall , J.J. , Adams , G.C. and Tharp , S.C. 2010 . Summer heat and an epidemic of cytospora canker of Alnus . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 32 : 376 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar