Trapped in liminality: homelessness in Toronto during COVID-19

Bibliography

• August, Martine. “Financialization of Housing from Cradle to Grave: COVID-19, Seniors’ Housing, and Multifamily Rental Housing in Canada.” Studies in Political Economy 102, no. 3 (2021): 289–308. doi:10.1080/07078552.2021.2000207.
   Google Scholar
• Buccieri, Kristy. “H1N1 and Homelessness in Toronto: Identifying Structural Issues in the Homelessness Sector.” In Pandemic Preparedness and Homelessness: Lessons from H1N1 in Canada, edited by Kristy Buccieri and Rebecca Schiff, 143–61. Toronto: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Campsie, Philippa. A Brief History of Rooming Houses in Toronto, 1972–94. Toronto: Rupert Community Residential Services, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Campsie, Philippa. “Rooming Houses in Toronto, 1997–2018.” Research Paper 242. Cities Centre, University of Toronto, April, 2018. http://neighbourhoodchange.ca/documents/2018/04/campsie-toronto-rooming-houses.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Chesnay, Catherine T., Céline Bellot, and Marie-Ève Sylvestre. “Taming Disorderly People One Ticket at a Time: The Penalization of Homelessness in Ontario and British Columbia.” Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 55, no. 2 (2013): 161–85. doi:10.3138/cjccj.2011-E-46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• City of Toronto. Building on Successes: The Community Plan for the Supporting Communities Partnership Initiative in Toronto 2003–2006. 2003. https://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/Community_Plan,_SCPI,_Edmonton.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• City of Toronto. “City of Toronto COVID-19 Response for People Experiencing Homelessness.” October 14, 2020a. https://www.toronto.ca/news/city-of-toronto-covid-19-response-for-people-experiencing-homelessness.
   Google Scholar
• City of Toronto. Meeting Summary – Roehampton Residence and 55/65 Broadway Avenue. August 19, 2020b. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9864-Final-Roehampton-Online-Information-Session-Summary.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• City of Toronto. 45 The Esplanade Public Meeting & Community Engagement Report. 2021a. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/9772-CommunityMeetingReport-45TheEsplanade-FINAL.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• City of Toronto. COVID-19 Response Update: Protecting People Experiencing Homelessness and Ensuring the Safety of the Shelter System. 2021b. https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2021/cc/bgrd/backgroundfile-167471.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• City of Toronto. Online/Telephone Information Session St. Simon’s Clubbe House Temporary Shelter. 2021c. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/87be-Final-St-Simons-PublicEventPresentation03042021.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• City of Toronto. St. Simon’s Clubbe House Community Information Session Summary. 2021d. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/94ee-Final-Clubbe-House-info-session-summary.AODApdf.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• City of Toronto. “Physical Distancing Shelter Sites.” n.d. https://www.toronto.ca/community-people/community-partners/emergency-shelter-operators/about-torontos-shelter-system/new-shelter-locations/physical-distancing-shelter-sites/.
   Google Scholar
• Clapp, John. “COVID-19 Pushing Homeless into Encampments.” Spacing Toronto, June 3, 2020. http://spacing.ca/toronto/2020/06/03/covid-19-pushing-homeless-into-encampments/.
   Google Scholar
• Darden, J.T. “The Impact of Canadian Immigration Policy on the Structure of the Black Caribbean Family in Toronto.” In Inside the Mosaic, edited by Eric Fong, 146–68. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• DiManno, Rosi. “Stop Dismantling the Homeless Encampments.” The Toronto Star, December 8, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Esmonde, Jackie. “Criminalizing Poverty: The Criminal Law Power and the Safe Streets Act.” Journal of Law and Social Policy 17 (2002): 63–86.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, Bryan, and Greg Albo. “Permanent Austerity: The Politics of the Canadian Exit Strategy from Fiscal Stimulus.” Alternate Routes 22 (2011): 7–28.
   Google Scholar
• Fauci, Anthony S.,H. Clifford Lane, and Robert R. Redfield. “Covid-19—Navigating the Uncharted.” The New England Journal of Medicine 382, no. 13 (2020): 1268–269. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2002387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, Lisa Marie. “Making Room: The Geography of Rooming House Regulation in Toronto.” PhD Diss., University of Toronto, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Gaetz, Stephen, Bill O’Grady, Kristy Buccieri, Jeff Karabanow, and Allyson Marsolais, eds. Youth Homelessness in Canada: Implications for Policy and Practice. Toronto: Canadian Homelessness Research Network, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Gerrard, Jessica, and David Farrugia. “The ‘Lamentable Sight’ of Homelessness and the Society of the Spectacle.” Urban Studies 52, no. 12 (2015): 2219–233. doi:10.1177/0042098014542135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, Jeff. “Ottawa, Queen’s Park would have to Pay for Toronto Homelessness Plan.” The Globe and Mail, July 13, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Hackworth, Jason, and Abigail Moriah. “Neoliberalism, Contingency, and Urban Policy: The Case of Social Housing in Ontario.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30, no. 3 (2006): 510–27. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00675.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halepis, Harriette. “Residents Want to Know What’s Going On at a Homeless Shelter in the Former Roehampton Hotel in Midtown Toronto.” Streets of Toronto, July 20, 2020. https://streetsoftoronto.com/homeless-shelter-roehampton-toronto/.
   Google Scholar
• Hennigan, Brian. “House Broken: Homelessness, Housing First, and Neoliberal Poverty Governance.” Urban Geography 38, no. 9 (2017): 1418–440. doi:10.1080/02723638.2016.1254496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howitt, Richie. “Frontiers, Borders, Edges: Liminal Challenges to the Hegemony of Exclusion.” Australian Geographical Studies 39, no. 2 (2001): 233–45. doi:10.1111/1467-8470.00142.
   Google Scholar
• Hulchanski, J. David. “Homelessness in Canada: Past, Present, Future.” Keynote address for the conference Growing Home: Housing and Homelessness in Canada, University of Calgary, February 18, 2009. http://www.tdrc.net/uploads/file/2009_hulchanski.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hulchanski, J. David. “What Factors Shape Canadian Housing Policy? The Intergovernmental Role in Canada’s Housing System.” In Canada: The State of the Federation 2004: Municipal-Federal-Provincial Relations in Canada, edited by R. Young and C. Leuprecht, 221–50. Montreal; Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York, NY: Vintage Books, 1961.
   Google Scholar
• Kalman-Lamb, Gideon. “The Financialization of Housing in Canada: Intensifying Contradictions of Neoliberal Accumulation.” Studies in Political Economy 98, no. 3 (2017): 298–23. doi:10.1080/07078552.2017.1393911.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman, Drew. “Expulsion: A Type of Forced Mobility Experienced by Homeless People in Canada.” Urban Geography 43, no. 3 (2022): 321–43. doi:10.1080/02723638.2020.1853919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipfer, Stefan, and Jamilla Mohamud. “The Pandemic as Political Emergency.” Studies in Political Economy 102, no. 3 (2021): 268–88. doi:10.1080/07078552.2021.2000212.
   Google Scholar
• Kipfer, Stefan, and Roger Keil. “Toronto Inc? Planning the Competitive City in the New Toronto.” Antipode 34, no. 2 (2002): 227–64. doi:10.1111/1467-8330.00237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer, Ute, and Thorben Wieditz. “Condominium Development and Gentrification: The Relationship between Policies, Building Activities and Socio-Economic Development in Toronto.” Canadian Journal of Urban Research 18, no. 1 (2009): 140–61.
   Google Scholar
• Lehrer, Ute, Roger Keil, and Stefan Kipfer. “Reurbanization in Toronto: Condominium Boom and Social Housing Revitalization.” disP-The Planning Review 46, no. 180 (2010): 81–90. doi:10.1080/02513625.2010.10557065.
   Google Scholar
• Leo, Christopher, and Martine August. The Federal Government and Homelessness: Community Initiation or Dictation From Above? Winnipeg: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Leung, Cheryl S., Minnie M. Ho, Alex Kiss, Adi V. Gundlapalli, and Stephen W. Hwang. “Homelessness and the Response to Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Lessons from SARS.” Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 85, no. 3 (2008): 402–10. doi:10.1007/s11524-008-9270-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorinc, J. “A New Plan to Tackle the Housing Problem.” The Globe and Mail, July 3, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Madge, Clare, and Henrietta O'Connor. “Mothers in the Making? Exploring Liminality in Cyber/Space.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30, no. 1 (2005): 83–97. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00153.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misawa, Mitsunori. “Queer Race Pedagogy for Educators in Higher Education: Dealing with Power Dynamics and Positionality of LGBTQ Students of Color.” The International Journal of Critical Pedagogy 3, no. 1 (2010): 26–35.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Don, and Nik Heynen. “The Geography of Survival and the Right to the City: Speculations on Surveillance, Legal Innovation, and the Criminalization of Intervention.” Urban Geography 30, no. 6 (2009): 611–32. doi:10.2747/0272-3638.30.6.611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Don. “Homelessness, American Style.” Urban Geography 32, no. 7 (2011): 933–56. doi:10.2747/0272-3638.32.7.933.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, Alex. “Homelessness: The People.” In Housing the Homeless and Poor: New Partnerships among the Private, Public, and Third Sectors, edited by George Fallis and Alex Murray, 16–48. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Neale, Joanne. “Homelessness and Theory Reconsidered.” Housing Studies 12, no. 1 (1997): 47–61. doi:10.1080/02673039708720882.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP). “Open Letter Sent to City!” October 27, 2020. https://ocap.ca/25909-2/.
   Google Scholar
• Quiroz Becerra, M. Victoria. “Performing Belonging in Public Space: Mexican Migrants in New York City.” Politics & Society 42, no. 3 (2014): 331–57. doi:10.1177/0032329214543257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, Gillad, and Alan Walks. “Castles in Toronto’s Sky: Condo-Ism as Urban Transformation.” Journal of Urban Affairs 37, no. 3 (2015): 289–10. doi:10.1111/juaf.12140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sewell, John. “Ontario’s Safe Streets Act will Cost Lives amid the Coronavirus Pandemic.” The Conversation, April 23, 2020. https://theconversation.com/ontarios-safe-streets-act-will-cost-lives-amid-the-coronavirus-pandemic-135665.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, Kate. “Gentrification: What It is, Why It is, and What Can Be Done about It.” Geography Compass 2, no. 5 (2008): 1697–728. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00156.x.
   Google Scholar
• Shelter Support & Housing Administration. School Safety Plan. The Roehampton Residence Program. Toronto: SSHA, September 11, 2020. https://www.nsscouncil.com/uploads/7/7/5/0/77505964/final-school-safety-plan_-sept_11-2020.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Speer, Jessie. “Subalternity as Displacement: Memoirs of Homelessness and the Struggle to Be Heard.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 39, no. 4 (2021): 627–44. doi:10.1177/02637758211028241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speer, Jessie. “Urban Makeovers, Homeless Encampments, and the Aesthetics of Displacement.” Social & Cultural Geography 20, no. 4 (2019): 575–95. doi:10.1080/14649365.2018.1509115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Springer, Joe, James Mars, and Melissa Dennison. A Profile of the Toronto Homeless Population. Report for the Homelessness Action Task Force, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Suttor, Gregory. Canadian Social Housing: Policy Evolution and Impacts on the Housing System and Urban Space. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Todd, Graham. “Megacity: Globalization and Governance in Toronto.” Studies in Political Economy 56, no. 1 (1998): 193–16. doi:10.1080/19187033.1998.11675297.
   Google Scholar
• The Toronto Star. “Is Parking Lot Really East York Community’s Paved Paradise?” March 2, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• The Toronto Star. “New Recovery Site is Hybrid of Shelter and Hospital: Facility Part of Initiative to Support Homeless during Pandemic.” April 27, 2020a.
   Google Scholar
• The Toronto Star. “Shelter Attack Worries Nearby Residents: Security, Sanitary Issues Call Sustainability of Program into Question.” August 6, 2020b.
   Google Scholar
• The Toronto Star. “City’s Count of People Housed During COVID Sparks Frustration: Outreach Workers Say Figure Misleading As Many Were Already on Wait-lists Before Pandemic Hit.” August 13, 2020c.
   Google Scholar
• Urback, Robyn. “Toronto’s Crackdown on Tiny Shelters Is Not as Callous as It Seems: Opinion.” The Globe and Mail, March 2, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Van Loon, Jannes, Stijn Oosterlynck, and Manuel B. Aalbers. “Governing Urban Development in the Low Countries: From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism and Financialization.” European Urban and Regional Studies 26, no. 4 (2019): 400–18. doi:10.1177/0969776418798673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walby, Kevin, and Randy Lippert. “Spatial Regulation, Dispersal, and the Aesthetics of the City: Conservation Officer Policing of Homeless People in Ottawa, Canada.” Antipode 44, no. 3 (2012): 1015–33. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00923.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissleder, Ralph, Hakho Lee, Jina Ko, and Mikael J. Pittet. “COVID-19 Diagnostics in Context.” Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 546 (2020): eabc1931. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abc1931.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar