Bibliography
- Adams, David. “Statement on the Blockade of the Ambassador Bridge.” Global Automakers of Canada, February 10, 2022. https://globalautomakers.ca/wp-content/uploads/Blockade-Press-Release.pdf.
- Anderson, Bruce, and David Coletto. “Pandemic Frustration May Be Running High, but More Don’t Side with the so-Called ‘Freedom Convoy.’” Abacus Data, February 3, 2022. Accessed May 16, 2022. https://abacusdata.ca/freedom-convoy-public-reaction-february-2022/.
- Balintec, Vanessa. “Convoy Protests Ignoring Real Hardships Truckers Face, Peel Drivers Warn.” CBC News, February 5, 2022. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/convoy-protests-ignoring-real-hardships-truckers-face-peel-drivers-warn-1.6340263.
- Bank of Canada. “COVID-19: Actions to Support the Economy and Financial System.” Accessed May 24, 2022. https://www.bankofcanada.ca/markets/market-operations-liquidity-provision/covid-19-actions-support-economy-financial-system/.
- Bascaramurty, Dakshana. “Canadian Online Searches Grow for Far-Right and White Supremacy Content.” The Globe and Mail, May 16, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canadian-online-searches-grow-for-far-right-and-white-supremacy/.
- Boisvert, Nick. “Jagmeet Singh Verbally Harassed during Ontario Election Campaign Stop in Peterborough.” CBC News, May 11, 2022. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/singh-peterborough-campaign-harrasment-1.6449729.
- Brethour, Patrick. “The Zombie Companies Are Finally Expiring.” The Globe and Mail, May 16, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/personal-finance/taxes/article-the-zombie-companies-are-finally-expiring/.
- Brown, Ian. “They Came. They Idled. They Left. What Have Convoy Protesters Been Doing Since They Went Home?” The Globe and Mail, June 4, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-ottawa-convoy-protesters-visit-at-home/.
- Brown, Wendy. In the Ruins of Neoliberalism: The Rise of Antidemocratic Politics in the West. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2019.
- Canadian Anti-Hate Network. “The ‘Freedom Convoy’ Is Nothing But A Vehicle For The Far Right.” Canadian Anti-Hate Network, January 27, 2022. Accessed May 25, 2022. https://www.antihate.ca/the_freedom_convoy_is_nothing_but_a_vehicle_for_the_far_right.
- Canadian Federation of Independent Business. “Small Businesses Have Not Made a Dent in Their Average Debt, and Face Continuing Uncertainty around a Fourth Wave.” August 31, 2021. Accessed May 31, 2022. https://www.cfib-fcei.ca/en/media/news-releases/small-businesses-have-not-made-dent-their-average-debt-and-face-continuing.
- Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters Association. “Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters Calls for Reopening of Coutts Border Crossing.” CME (blog), February 3, 2022. https://cme-mec.ca/blog/canadian-manufacturers-exporters-calls-for-reopening-of-coutts-border-crossing/.
- Canadian Press. “Canadian Economy Suffers Biggest Contraction since the Great Depression.” Financial Post, March 2, 2021. https://financialpost.com/news/economy/canadian-press-newsalert-canadian-economy-contracted-5-4-per-cent-in-2020.
- Canadian Press. “Household Debt-to-Income Ratio Hit Record High in Fourth Quarter, Statscan Says.” The Globe and Mail, March 11, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/economy/article-household-debt-to-income-ratio-hit-record-high-in-fourth-quarter/.
- CBC. “33 TTC Bus Drivers Walk off Job Because of Concerns about COVID-19.” CBC News, April 16, 2020. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ttc-walkout-ppe-bus-drivers-masks-queensway-division-1.5533975.
- CBC. “Convoy Organizer, Les Farfadaas Member from Quebec Appears in Court.” CBC News, March 1, 2022. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/steeve-charland-freedom-convoy-court-1.6367565.
- CBC. “2 Windsor, Ont., Residents Charged with Being ‘Leaders’ in Ambassador Bridge Blockade, Police Say.” CBC News, July 21, 2022. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/windsor-police-ambassador-bridge-blockade-1.6527848.
- Cooper, Melinda. Family Values: Between Neoliberalism and the New Social Conservatism. New York, NY: Zone Books, 2017.
- Dickson, Janice, Marsha McLeod, and Marieke Walsh. “Convoy Protesters Received Leaked Information from Police, Lawyer Tells Emergencies Act Inquiry.” The Globe and Mail, November 3, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-convoy-protesters-received-leaked-information-from-police-lawyer-tells/.
- Etsy. “Freedom Convoy 2022 Canada Unisex T-Shirt for Patriots.” Accessed June 1, 2022. https://www.etsy.com/listing/1167308964/freedom-convoy-2022-canada-unisex-t?utm_source=OpenGraph&utm_medium=PageTools&utm_campaign=Share.
- Food, Health & Consumer Products of Canada. “Disruptions at Border Crossings Threaten the Continued Supply of Essential Goods for Canadian Consumers.” February 9, 2022. Accessed May 31, 2022. https://www.fhcp.ca/Industry-Resources/News/View/ArticleId/590/Disruptions-at-Border-Crossings-Threaten-the-Continued-Supply-of-Essential-Goods-for-Canadian-Consumers.
- Francis, Angelyn. “What We Know about the Organization behind Demonstrations against COVID-19 Restrictions.” The Toronto Star, November 24, 2020. https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/11/24/what-we-know-about-the-organization-behind-demonstrations-against-covid-19-restrictions.html.
- Freeze, Colin. “Convoy Protests’ Key Figures Count Liberal Ideas, ‘Political Islam,’ Ottawa’s Indifference toward the West among Their Grievances.” The Globe and Mail, February 11, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-a-look-at-the-main-organizers-behind-ottawas-protests/.
- Gervais, Brittany. “Sounding Their Horns, Protesters Roll out of Coutts after 18-Day Blockade.” Calgary Herald, February 15, 2022. Accessed May 29, 2022. https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/alberta-border-reopens-as-protesters-leave-blockade-after-18-days.
- Gilmore, Rachel. “Some Trucker Convoy Organizers Have History of White Nationalism, Racism.” Global News, January 29, 2022. Accessed May 25, 2022. https://globalnews.ca/news/8543281/covid-trucker-convoy-organizers-hate/.
- GiveSendGo. “Click Here to Give Now to Freedom Convoy 2022 by Kim Negus.” Accessed May 30, 2022. http://www.givesendgo.com/G2HF6.
- Government of Canada. “COVID-19: Financial Support for People, Businesses and Organizations.” Department of Finance, September 14, 2020. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/economic-response-plan.html.
- Government of Canada. “Insolvency Statistics in Canada—First Quarter of 2022.” Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy. Accessed May 16, 2022. https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/bsf-osb.nsf/eng/h_br04628.html.
- Guillemette, Yvan, and David Turner. “The Long Game: Fiscal Outlooks to 2060 Underline Need for Structural Reform.” OECD Economic Policy Papers, October 19, 2021. doi:10.1787/a112307e-en.
- International Gypsy Equine Association. “Breeders and Farm Directory.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.internationalgypsyequineassociation.com/igeabreeders.html.
- International Monetary Fund. “World Economic Outlook. Managing Divergent Recoveries: April 2021.” Accessed June 1, 2022. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2021/03/23/world-economic-outlook-april-2021.
- Jabakhanji, Sara. “Politicians, Medical Groups Condemn Protests Outside Hospitals across Canada.” CBC News, September 13, 2021. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/covid-hospital-protests-canada-1.6173437.
- Kerr, Jaren. “Cities Crack down on Businesses Breaking COVID-19 Rules in Ontario.” The Globe and Mail, November 24, 2020. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-cities-crack-down-on-businesses-breaking-covid-rules-in-ontario/.
- King, Adam. “The Trucker Convoy Is Not A Workers’ Revolt.” Passage, February 2, 2022. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://readpassage.com/p/the-trucker-convoy-is-not-a-workers-revolt/.
- Kirby, Jason. “It’s Hip to Be Bear: Business Leaders Join Chorus of Economic Doomsayers.” The Globe and Mail, June 11, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-its-hip-to-be-bear-business-leaders-join-chorus-of-economic-doomsayers/.
- La Fleche, Grant. “‘Freedom Convoy’ Leader Shared Symbol of Far-Right Hate Group on TikTok.” The Toronto Star, January 28, 2022. https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2022/01/28/freedom-convoy-leader-shared-symbol-of-far-right-hate-group-on-tiktok.html.
- Landau, Jack. “Ontario Disgusted with Peterborough after Jagmeet Singh Harassed by Haters.” BlogTO. Accessed May 29, 2022. https://www.blogto.com/city/2022/05/ontario-disgusted-peterborough-jagmeet-singh/.
- Lindsay, Bethany. “B.C. Officials Decry Targeting of Health-Care Workers as Thousands Protest Vaccine Passports.” CBC News, September 1, 2021. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/vaccine-passport-protest-1.6161817.
- LinkedIn. “Lamont Daigle. Founder - Kangen Water Toronto.” Accessed May 29, 2022. https://ca.linkedin.com/in/lamontadaigle.
- McCormack, Geoffrey. “Canadian Macroeconomic Instability in the Time of COVID-19.” n.d., 49. https://thepoliticaleconomylog.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/mccormack_canadian_macroeconomic_instability_in_the_time_of_covid-19_10.11.2020-1.pdf.
- McCormack, Geoffrey, and Todd Gordon. “Flagging Profitability and the Oil Frontier: State Power, the World Market, and Settler-Colonial Capitalism in Canada.” Historical Materialism 28, no. 4 (2020): 25–66. doi:10.1163/1569206X-12341965.
- McKenzie-Sutter, Holly. “Some Ontario Teachers Refuse Work over School COVID Concerns.” Global News, January 25, 2022. Accessed May 31, 2022. https://globalnews.ca/news/8537455/some-ontario-teachers-refuse-work-covid-concerns/.
- McLeod, Marsha, and Janice Dickson. “OPP Profiled Randy Hillier, Convoy Organizers and Far-Right Group during Protest, Documents Show.” The Globe and Mail, October 31, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-emergencies-act-inquiry-opp-tracking/.
- Melnychuk, Mark. “4 Sask. Residents Acting as Leaders within Ottawa Freedom Convoy, Suit Alleges.” Regina Leader-Post, February 18, 2022. Accessed May 29, 2022. https://leaderpost.com/news/national/swift-current-man-leading-freedom-convoy-in-ottawa-arrested-by-police.
- Mirrlees, Tanner. “The Carbon Convoy: The Climate Emergency Fueling the Far Right’s Big Rigs.” Energy Humanities, May 3, 2022. Accessed May 20, 2022. https://www.energyhumanities.ca/news/the-carbon-convoy-the-climate-emergency-fueling-the-far-rights-big-rigs.
- Mosleh, Omar. “Why Banning Hateful Symbols Like the Swastika Is Nearly Impossible.” The Toronto Star, February 8, 2022. https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2022/02/07/nazi-flag-at-freedom-convoy-sparks-bill-to-ban-hateful-symbols-but-enforcement-is-seen-as-tricky.html.
- OECD. “Non-Financial Corporations Debt to Surplus Ratio.” OECD Data. Accessed June 15, 2022. http://data.oecd.org/corporate/non-financial-corporations-debt-to-surplus-ratio.htm.
- O’Shea, Sean. “Standoff Includes Police as Mississauga Gym Owner Reopens despite COVID-19 Emergency Orders.” Global News, April 15, 2021. Accessed May 25, 2022. https://globalnews.ca/news/7762210/covid-huf-gym-mississauga/.
- Parent, Rachel. “Protest Organizer: No Intent to Topple Government. and No Plan to Leave until COVID Mandates Lifted.” The National Post, February 10, 2022. https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/protest-organizer-no-intent-to-topple-government-and-no-plan-to-leave-until-covid-mandates-lifted.
- Parkhill, Maggie. “Who Is Who? A Guide to the Major Players in the Trucker Convoy Protest.” CTV News, February 10, 2022. https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/who-is-who-a-guide-to-the-major-players-in-the-trucker-convoy-protest-1.5776441.
- Parkin, Andrew, and Justin Savoie. “Who Voted for the People’s Party of Canada?” Environics Institute. Accessed May 30, 2022. https://www.environicsinstitute.org/insights/insight-details/who-voted-for-the-people-s-party-of-canada.
- Perry, Barbara, and Ryan Scrivens. Right-Wing Extremism in Canada. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
- Plender, John. “Debt Dangers Hang over Markets.” Financial Times, January 8, 2021.
- PressProgress. “Canada’s Anti-Lockdown Protests Are a Ragtag Coalition of Anti-Vaccine Activists, Conspiracy Theorists and the Far-Right.” PressProgress (blog). Accessed May 25, 2022. https://pressprogress.ca/canadas-anti-lockdown-protests-are-a-ragtag-coalition-of-anti-vaccine-activists-conspiracy-theorists-and-the-far-right/.
- PressProgress. “Notorious Canadian Neo-Nazi Shares Photo of Friendly Meeting With Anti-Lockdown Barbecue Restaurant Owner.” PressProgress (blog). Accessed May 25, 2022. https://pressprogress.ca/notorious-canadian-neo-nazi-shares-photo-of-friendly-meeting-with-anti-lockdown-barbecue-restaurant-owner/.
- Public Health Ontario. “COVID-19 in Ontario: January 15, 2020 to June 1, 2022.” Accessed June 2, 2022. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/epi/covid-19-daily-epi-summary-report.pdf?la=en.
- Radio Canada International. “Trudeau Cancels Appearance at Surrey Fundraiser after Protesters Hurl Racial Slurs.” RCI, May 25, 2022. Accessed May 26, 2022. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/1886003/trudeau-cancels-appearance-at-surrey-fundraiser-after-protesters-hurl-racial-slurs.
- Rana, Uday. “Almost One in Five Canadian Truckers Is South Asian, but Many Don’t See Themselves Represented in the Trucker Convoy.” The Globe and Mail, January 29, 2022. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-almost-one-in-five-canadian-truckers-is-south-asian-but-many-dont-see/.
- Roberts, Michael. “Fallen Angels.” The Next Recession (Blog), March 6, 2022. https://thenextrecession.wordpress.com/2022/03/06/fallen-angels/.
- Russill, Chris, ed. “Alt-Rights in Canada.” Canadian Journal of Communications 46, no. 4 (2021).
- Smith, Peter. “Watch Out For This Antisemitic COVID Conspiracy Group Trying To Attach Itself to The Pro-Palestinian Movement.” Canadian Anti-Hate Network. Accessed May 29, 2022. https://www.antihate.ca/antisemitic_covid_conspiracy_group_trying_to_attach_itself_pro_palestinian_movement.
- Statistics Canada. “The Daily–2016 Census of Agriculture.” May 10, 2017. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/170510/dq170510a-eng.htm.
- Statistics Canada. “A Portrait of a 21st Century Agricultural Operation.” May 17, 2017. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/95-640-x/2016001/article/14811-eng.htm.
- Statistics Canada. “The Daily–Farm Income, 2017.” May 28, 2018. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/180528/dq180528a-eng.htm.
- Statistics Canada. “The Daily–Number of Employees in the Agriculture Sector, 2016, 2017 and 2018.” April 24, 2020. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/200424/dq200424b-eng.htm.
- Statistics Canada. “The Daily–Gross Domestic Product, Income and Expenditure, Fourth Quarter 2020.” March 2, 2021. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/210302/dq210302a-eng.htm
- Statistics Canada. “The Daily–Survey of the Canada Emergency Business Account, First Quarter 2021.” December 17, 2021. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/211217/dq211217b-eng.htm.
- Statistics Canada. “The Daily–Balance Sheet of the Agricultural Sector, December 31, 2021.” June 23, 2022. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220623/dq220623c-eng.htm.
- Stern, Alexandra Minna. Proud Boys and the White Ethnostate: How the Alt-Right is Warping the American Imagination. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2019.
- Taylor, Stephanie. “‘Pandemic of Hate’: Leaders, Experts Warn Anti-Lockdown Protests Linked to Far Right.” The Globe and Mail, May 10, 2021. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-pandemic-of-hate-leaders-experts-warn-anti-lockdown-protests-linked-to/.
- Tewksbury, Doug. “Petro-Nostalgia and the Politics of Yellow Vests Canada.” Canadian Journal of Communication 46, no. 4 (2021): 939–59. doi:10.22230/cjc.2021v46n4a3779.
- Toronto.com. “Benjamin Dichter.” Accessed May 29, 2022. https://www.toronto.com/news/benjamin-dichter/article_faea9769-e55c-5bb2-9c61-cb64311e9b98.html.
- Turcato, Megan. “How Extremists Are Getting Involved in Anti-Mask Demonstrations across Canada.” Global News, December 10, 2020. Accessed May 25, 2022. https://globalnews.ca/news/7512876/extremists-anti-mask-demonstrations-canada/.
- Wayland, Michael. “Work Stoppage over Coronavirus Fears Temporarily Shuts down Fiat Chrysler Plant in Canada.” CNBC, March 13, 2020. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/13/coronavirus-fiat-chrysler-plant-workers-walk-out-in-canada.html.
- Zhang, Yiling, Min Xie, Dave Krochmalnek, and Matthew Hoffarth. “Trends in Canadian Business Debt Financing: Before and During COVID-19.” Statistics Canada, July 26, 2021. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/13-605-x/2021001/article/00003-eng.htm.