Mapping the Journey of (non-) Reporting in Response to Racism: A Change-oriented Approach to Reporting Barriers, Motives and Support Needs

References

• Australian Asian Alliance. 2021. Covid-19 Racism Incident Report Survey Comprehensive Report 2021. Available from: https://asianaustralianalliance.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Comprehensive-AAA-Report.pdf [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC). 2020. Where’s all the data on COVID-19 racism? Available from: https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/opinions/wheres-all-data-covid-19-racism [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Ben, J., 2022. “People love talking about racism”: downplaying discrimination, and challenges to anti-racism among Eritrean migrants in Australia. Ethnic and racial studies, 46 (5), 921–943.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben, J., et al., 2023. Racism data in Australia: A review of quantitative studies and directions for future research. Journal of intercultural studies, 1–30. DOI:10.1080/07256868.2023.2254725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradshaw, T.K., 2008. The post-place community: contributions to the debate about the definition of community. Community development, 39 (1), 5–16.
   Google Scholar
• Crabb, A. 2021. Australia Talks shows we agree there’s a lot of racism here, but less than half say white supremacy is ingrained in our society, ABC. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-31/annabel-crabb-analysis-racism-australia-talks/100172288 [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Doery, K., et al., 2020. Hidden Cost: Young Multicultural Victorians and COVID-19. Melbourne: Centre for Multicultural Youth.
   Google Scholar
• Ellefsen, R., Banafsheh, A., and Sandberg, S., 2022. Resisting racism in everyday life: From ignoring to confrontation and protest. Ethnic and racial studies, 45 (16), 435–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Union Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA). 2017. EU-MIDIS II: Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey. Available from: https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2017-eu-midis-ii-main-results_en.pdf [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Fleming, P.J., et al., 2023. Antiracism and community-based participatory research: synergies, challenges, and opportunities. American journal of public health, 113 (1), 70–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlow, C.W. 2005. Hate Crime Reported by Victims and Police. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, U.S. Department of Justice. Available from: https://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/bjs/hcrvp.pdf [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Herek, G.M., Gillis, J.R., and Cogan, J.C., 1999. Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 67, 945–951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J.T., et al., 2023. The cost of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature human behavior, 7, 682–695. DOI:10.1038/s41562-022-01493-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human Rights Watch. 2020. Covid-19 fueling anti-Asian racism and xenophobia worldwide. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/12/covid-19-fueling-anti-asian-racism-and-xenophobia-worldwide [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Kamp, A., et al., 2022. Asian Australians’ Experiences Of Racism During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Melbourne: Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies.
   Google Scholar
• Mason, G., et al., 2017. Policing Hate Crime: Understanding Communities and Prejudice. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mbembe, A., 2017. Critique of Black Reason. Durham/London: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Myers, W., and Lantz, B., 2020. Reporting racist hate crime victimization to the police in the United States and the United Kingdom: A cross-national comparison. The British journal of criminology, 60 (4), 1034–1055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, J. 2022. Mapping social cohesion 2022, Scanlon Foundation Research Institute. Available from: https://scanloninstitute.org.au/sites/default/files/2022-11/MSC%202022_Report.pdf [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Paradies, Y., et al., 2015. Racism as a determinant of health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLos One, 10 (9), 1–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Centre (PEW). 2021. One-third of Asian Americans fear threats, physical attacks and most say violence against them is rising. Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/04/21/one-third-of-asian-americans-fear-threats-physical-attacks-and-most-say-violence-against-them-is-rising/ [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Pezzella, F.S., Fetzer, M.D., and Kelle, T., 2019. The dark figure of hate crime underreporting. American behavioral scientist, 1–24. DOI:10.1177/0002764218823844
   Google Scholar
• Sandholtz, N., Langton, L., and Planty, M. 2013. Hate Crime Victimization, 2003–2011 (Report No. NCJ 241291). Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2020. Secretary-General Denounces ‘Tsunami’ of Xenophobia Unleashed amid COVID-19, Calling for All-Out Effort against Hate Speech, SG/SM/20076 (8 May). Available from: https://press.un.org/en/2020/sgsm20076.doc.htm [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Vergani, M., and Navarro, C. 2020. Barriers to Reporting Hate Crime and Hate Incidents in Victoria. CRIS: Melbourne.
   Google Scholar
• Victorian Government. 2021. Victorian government response into anti-vilification protections. Available from: https://www.vic.gov.au/response-inquiry-anti-vilification-protections [Accessed 3 April 2023].
   Google Scholar
• Wiedlitzka, S., et al., 2018. Perceptions of police legitimacy and citizen decisions to report hate crime incidents in Australia. International journal for crime justice and social democracy, 7 (2), 91–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M.T., Skinta, M.D., and Martin-Willett, R., 2021. After pierce and Sue: A revised racial microaggressions taxonomy. Perspectives on psychological science, 16 (5), 991–1007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, K., and Christmann, K., 2008. The role of victim decision-making in reporting of hate crimes. Community safety journal, 7 (2), 19–35.
   Google Scholar