222
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The Peak Performance Pyramid for Motor Skills: A Conceptual Framework for Helping Learners Reach Their Potential

References

  • Abrams, M. (2010). Anger management in sport: Understanding and controlling violence in athletes. Human Kinetics.
  • Allen, T. D., Eby, L. T., Poteet, M. L., Lima, L., & Lentz, E. (2004). Mentoring benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.127
  • Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF) (2018). 2018 kids count data book online. Retrieved March 24, 2019, from https://www.aecf.org/resources/2018-kids-count-data-book/.
  • Arvine-Barrow, M., & Walker, N. (2013). The psychology of sport injury and rehabilitation. Routledge.
  • Beilock, S. L. (2010). Choke: What the secrets of the brain reveal about getting it right when you have to. Simon & Schuster.
  • Bradberry, T., & Greaves, J. (2009). Emotional intelligence 2.0. TalentSmart.
  • Burton, A. W., & Miller, D. E. (1998). Movement skill assessment. Human Kinetics.
  • Cartwright, T. (2003). Managing conflict with peers. Pfeiffer.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). State indicator report on fruits and vegetables. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  • Clark, J. E., & Metcalfe, J. S. (2002). The mountain of motor development. In J. E. Clark & J. H. Humprehy (Eds.). Motor development: Research and reviews (Vol. 2., pp. 163–190). National Association of Sport and Physical Education.
  • Coker, C. A. (2017). Motor learning and control for practitioners, with online labs (4th ed.). Holcomb-Hathaway.
  • Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. (2019). What is SEL? https://casel.org/what-is-sel/
  • Corbin, C., Welk, G., Corbin, W., & Welk, K. (2018). Concepts of fitness and wellness: A comprehensive lifestyle approach (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Davis, W. E., & Burton, A. W. (1991). Ecological task analysis: Translating movement behavior theory into practice. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 8(2), 154–177. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.8.2.154
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
  • Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational Psycho­logist, 26(3–4), 325–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653137
  • Eby, L. T., Durley, J. R., Evans, S. C., & Ragins, B. R. (2006). The relationship between short-term mentoring benefits and long-term mentor outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 424–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.05.003
  • Ericsson, K. A. (2014). Why expert performance is special and cannot be extrapolated from studies of performance in the general population: A response to criticisms. Intelligence, 45, 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.001
  • Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363
  • Fang, Y., Yang, S., & Wu, G. (2002). Free radicals, antioxidants, and ­nutrition. Nutrition, 18(10), 872–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00916-4
  • Feltz, D. L., & Landers, D. M. (1983). The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.5.1.25
  • Fleishman, E. A. (1964). The structure and measurement of physical fitness. Prentice Hall.
  • Fleishman, E. A. (1972). On the relation between abilities, learning, and human performance. American Psychologist, 27(11), 1017–1032. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0033881
  • Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2011). Understanding motor development: infants, children, adolescents, adults (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Garvey, R., Megginson, D., & Stokes, P. (2008). Coaching and mentoring: Theory and practice. SAGE.
  • Gentile, A. M. (1972). A working model of skill acquisition with application to teaching. Quest, 17(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1972.10519717
  • Gentile, A. M. (2000). Skill acquisition: Action, movement, and neuromotor process. In J. H. Carr & R. H. Shepherd (Eds.), Movement science: Foundation for physical therapy in rehabilitation (2nd ed., pp. 111–187). Aspen.
  • Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success. Little, Brown, and Company.
  • Goleman, G. (2005). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.
  • Goodway, J. D., & Branta, C. F. (2003). Influence of a motor skill intervention on fundamental motor skill development of disadvantaged preschool children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609062
  • Goodway, J. D., Crowe, H., & Ward, P. (2003). Effects of motor skill instruction on fundamental motor skill development. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 20(3), 298–314. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.20.3.298
  • Haff, G., & Triplett, N. T. (2015). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (4th ed.). Human Kinetics.
  • Haga, M. (2008). The relationship between physical fitness and motor competence in children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34(3), 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00814.x
  • Haywood, K. M., & Getchell, N. (2019). Lifespan motor development (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.
  • Hetu, S., Gregoire, M., Saimpont, A., Coll, M., Eugene, F., Michon, P., & Jackson, P. L. (2013). The neural network of motor imagery: An ALE meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(5), 930–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.017
  • Hinshaw, K. E. (1991). The effects of mental practice on motor skill performance: Critical evaluation and meta-analysis. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 11(1), 3–35. https://doi.org/10.2190/X9BA-KJ68-07AN-QMJ8
  • Hollins, P. (2017). The science of self-discipline: The willpower, mental toughness, and self-control to resist temptation and achieve your goals. Amazon Digital Services, LLC.
  • Jones, J., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509
  • Kellmann, M. (2010). Preventing overtraining in athletes in high-intensity sports and stress/recovery monitoring. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01192.x
  • Kenney, W. L., Wilmore, J., & Costill, D. (2019). Physiology of sport and exercise (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.
  • Kram, K. E. (1985). Mentoring at work. Scott, Foresman.
  • Kyllo, L. B., & Landers, D. M. (1995). Goal setting in sport and exercise: A research synthesis to resolve the controversy. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(2), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.2.117
  • Lee-Kwan, S. H., Moore, L. V., Blanck, H. M., Harris, D. M., & Galuska, D. (2017). Disparities in state-specific adult fruit and vegetable consumption – United States, 2015. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66(45), 1241–1247. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6645a1
  • Livingston, M. K. (1989). Mental discipline: The pursuit of peak performance. Human Kinetics.
  • Logan, S. W., Scrabis-Fletcher, K., Modlesky, C., & Getchell, N. (2011). The relationship between motor skill proficiency and body composition in preschool children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(3), 442–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599776
  • Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2010). Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019–1035. https://doi.org/10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000
  • Macnamara, B. N., Hambrick, D. Z., & Oswald, F. L. (2014). Deliberate practice and performance in music, games, sports, education, and professions: A meta-analysis. Psychological Science, 25(8), 1608–1618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614535810
  • Manzo, L. G., Mondin, G. W., Clark, B., & Schneider, T. (2005). Confidence. In J. Taylor & G. S. Wilson (Eds.). Applying sport psychology: Four perspectives (pp. 21–32). Human Kinetics.
  • Masters, R. S. W. (1992). Knowledge, knerves, and know-how: The role of explicit and implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. British Journal of Psychology, 83(3), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x
  • Maxwell, J. P., Masters, R. S. W., & Eves, F. F. (2003). The role of working memory in motor learning and performance. Consciousness and Cognition, 12(3), 376–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8100(03)00005-9
  • Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for educators (pp. 3–31). Basic Books.
  • National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (2009). Active start: A statement of physical activity guidelines for children birth to five years. NASPE Publications.
  • Okely, A. D., & Booth, M. (2000). Relationship of enjoyment of physical activity and preferred activities to fundamental movement skill proficiency in young children. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7(Suppl. 1), 151.
  • Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Chey, T. (2003). Relationship between fundamental motor skills, energy expenditure, and fitness among lean and overweight children and adolescents. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(Suppl. 1), S177. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-00983
  • Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Chey, T. (2004). Relationships between body composition and fundamental movement skills among children and adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2004.10609157
  • Ousey, K. (2009). Socialization of student nurses – the role of the mentor. Learning in Health and Social Care, 8(3), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-6861.2008.00209.x
  • Page, S. J., Gater, D. R., & Bach-y-Rita, P. (2004). Reconsidering the motor recovery plateau in stroke rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(8), 1377–1381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.031
  • Parra, J., Cadefau, J. A., Rodas, G., Amigo, N., & Cusso, R. (2000). The distribution of rest periods affects performance and adaptations of energy metabolism induced by high-intensity training in human muscle. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 169(2), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00730.x
  • Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2011). Human motor development: A lifespan approach (8th ed.). Mayfield.
  • Phillips, S. M., & Van Loon, L. J. C. (2011). Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(sup1), S29–S38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.619204
  • Potgieter, S. (2013). Sport nutrition: A review of the latest guidelines for exercise and sport nutrition from the American College of Sport Nutrition, the International Olympic Committee and the International Society for Sports Nutrition. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2013.11734434
  • Privette, G., & Bundrick, C. M. (1991). Peak experience, peak performance, and flow: Correspondence of personal descriptions and theoretical constructs. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(5), 169–188.
  • Ragins, B. R., & Cotton, J. L. (1999). Mentor functions and outcomes: A comparison of men and women in formal and informal mentoring relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(4), 529–550. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.4.529
  • Ragins, B. R., & Verbos, A. K. (2007). Positive relationships in action: Relational mentoring and mentoring schemas in the workplace. In J. E. Dutton & B. R. Ragins, (Eds.), Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation (pp. 91–116). Routledge.
  • Robinson, L. E. (2011). The relationship between perceived physical competence and fundamental motor skills in preschool children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(4), 589–596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01187.x
  • Robinson, L. E., & Goodway, J. D. (2009). Instructional climates in preschool children who are at-risk. Part I: object control skill development. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(3), 533–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599591
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psy­chology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
  • Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
  • Schack, T., Whitmarsh, B., Pike, R., & Redden, C. (2005). Routines. In J. Taylor & G. S. Wilson (Eds.), Applying sport psychology: Four perspectives (pp. 137–150). Human Kinetics.
  • Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2013). Motor learning and performance: From principles to applications (5th ed.). Human Kinetics.
  • Schmidt, R. A., Lee, T. D., Winstein, C., Wulf, G., & Zelaznik, H. (2018). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (6th ed.). Human Kinetics.
  • Seefeldt, V. (1980). Developmental motor patterns: Implications for elementary school physical education. In C. Nadeau, W. Holliwell, K. Newell, & G. Roberts (Eds.), Psychology of motor behavior and sport (pp. 314–323). Human Kinetics.
  • Steenland, K., & Deddens, J. A. (1997). Effect of travel and rest on performance of professional basketball players. Sleep, 20(5), 366–369.
  • Stulberg, B., & Magness, S. (2017). Peak performance: Elevate your game, avoid burnout, and thrive with the new science of success. Rodale Inc.
  • Tansley, C. (2011). What do we mean by the term “talent” in talent management? Industrial and Commercial Training, 43(5), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1108/00197851111145853
  • Tenenbaum, G., & Eklund, R. C. (2019). Handbook of sport psychology (4th ed.). Wiley.
  • Tuhovsky, I. (2017). Self-discipline: Mental toughness mindset: Increase your grit and focus to become a highly productive (and peaceful!) person. Amazon Digital Services, LLC.
  • Tuncel, Y. (2018). Emotion in sports: Philosophical perspectives. Routledge.
  • Vealey, R. S., & Chase, M. A. (2016). Best practice in youth sport: Science and strategies for positive athlete experiences. Human Kinetics.
  • Wales, S. (2002). Why coaching? Journal of Change Management, 3(3), 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/714042542
  • Waters, L., McCabe, M., Kiellerup, D., & Kiellerup, S. (2002). The role of formal mentoring on business success and self-esteem in participants of a new business start-up program. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(1), 107–121. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016252301072
  • Weaver, C. M., Dwyer, J., Fulgoni, V. L., III, King, J. C., Leveille, G. A., MacDonald, R. S., Ordovas, J., & Schnakenberg, D. (2014). Processed foods: Contributions to nutrition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99(6), 1525–1542. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.089284
  • Williams, J. M., & Leffingwell, T. R. (2001). Cognitive strategies in sport and exercise psychology. In J. L. Van Raalte & B. W. Brewer (Eds.), Exploring sport and exercise psychology (pp. 75–98). American Psychological Association.
  • Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2001). Stress and anxiety. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 290–318). Wiley.
  • Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2016). Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(5), 1382–1414. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9
  • Zagzebski, L. (1999). What is knowledge? In J. Greco & E. Sosa (Eds.), The Blackwell guide to epistemology (pp. 92–116). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., & Kitsantas, A. (1996). Self-regulated learning of a motor skill: The role of goal-setting and self-monitoring. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8(1), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209608406308

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.