Strategies for Building Morality in the Physical Education Classroom

References

• Barney, D., Pleban, F. T., & Dodd, A. (2019). Favoritism in the physical education classroom: Selected reflective experiences. International Journal of Physical Education, 56(3), 2–9. https://doi.org/10.5771/2747-6073-2019-3-2
   Google Scholar
• Barney, D., Prusak, K., Strand, B., & Christenson, R. (2020). Inappropriate practices in physical education: The top eight repeat offenders. Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation, 25(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.24112/ajper.251919
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Whole school, whole community, whole child. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/wscc/index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, D. K., Spillane, J. P., & Peurach, D. J. (2018). The dilemmas of educational reform. Educational Researcher, 47(3), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X17743488
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, T. R., & Morse, L. (2014). Moral character: What it is and what it does. Research in Organizational Behavior, 34(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2014.08.003
   Google Scholar
• Cordero, D. A. (2013). Moral decline in teens: The application of contextual theology. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 13(2), 24–40.
   Google Scholar
• Darling-Hammond, L., Bae, S., Cook-Harvey, C. M., Lam, L., Mercer, C., Podolsky, A., & Stosich, E. L. (2016). Pathways to new accountability through Every Student Succeeds Act. Learning Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Dewey, J. (2010). The need for a philosophy of education (1934). Schools, 7(2), 244–245. https://doi.org/10.1086/656072
   Google Scholar
• Dweck, C. (2015). Carol Dweck revisits the growth mindset. Education Week, 35(5), 20–24.
   Google Scholar
• Fenstermacher, G. D., Osguthorpe, R. D., & Sanger, M. N. (2009). Teaching morally and teaching morality. Teacher Education Quarterly, 36(3), 7–19.
   Google Scholar
• Hellison, D. R. (1995). Teaching responsibility through physical activity. Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, F., Knoppers, A., & Webb, L. (2013). Making sense of teaching social and moral skills in physical education. Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy, 18(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2011.621118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Josephson Institute of Ethics. (2012). 2012 Report card on the ethics of American youth. https://charactercounts.org/national-report-card/2012-report-card/
   Google Scholar
• Kaur, S. (2015). Moral values in education. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(3), 21–26.
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg, L., & Hersh, R. H. (1977). Moral development: A review of the theory. Theory into Practice, 16(2), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405847709542675
   Google Scholar
• Kretchmar, S. R. (2006). Ten more reasons for quality physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 77(9), 6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Le Masurier, G., & Corbin, C. B. (2006). Top 10 reasons for quality physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 77(6), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2006.10597894
   Google Scholar
• Li, J., & Shao, W. (2022). Influence of sports activities on prosocial behavior of children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lickona, T. (1991). Educating for character: How our schools can teach respect and responsibility. Bantam; Bantam Trade Paperback Ed.
   Google Scholar
• Lickona, T. (1996). Teaching respect and responsibility. Reclaiming children and youth. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 5(3), 143–151.
   Google Scholar
• Lickona, T., & Davidson, M. (2005). Smart & good high schools: Integrating excellence and ethics for success in school, work, and beyond. Center for the 4th and 5th Rs (Respect & Responsibility).
   Google Scholar
• Lumpkin, A. (2008). Teachers as role models teaching character and moral virtues. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 79(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2008.10598134
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie, T. L., & Lounsbery, M. A. (2009). School physical education: The pill not taken. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 3(3), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827609331562
   Google Scholar
• Merino-Barrero, J. A., Valero-Valenzuela, A., Pedreño, N. B., & Fernandez-Río, J. (2020). Impact of a sustained TPSR program on students’ responsibility, motivation, sportsmanship, and intention to be physically active. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(2), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2019-0022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhtar, T., & Dallyono, R. (2020). Character education from the perspectives of elementary school physical education teachers. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(2), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i2.30647
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics. (2016). Elementary and secondary enrollment. Retrieved from: https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cga.asp
   Google Scholar
• Naylor, A. H., & Yeager, J. M. (2013). A 21st-century framework for character formation in sports. Peabody Journal of Education, 88(2), 212–224.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, M., & Hellison, D. (2001). Teaching responsibility in physical education: Standards, outcomes, and beyond. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 72(9), 25–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2001.10605863
   Google Scholar
• Pennington, C. G. (2017). Moral development and sportsmanship in physical education and sport. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 88(9), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2017.1367745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimer, J., Paolitto, D. P., & Hersh, R. H. (1990). Promoting moral growth: From Piaget to Kohlberg. Waveland Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rink, J. (2010). Teaching physical education for learning. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Rudd, A. (2005). Which “character” should sport develop? The Physical Educator, 62(4), 205–211.
   Google Scholar
• Sallis, J. F., Cervero, R. B., Ascher, W., Henderson, K. A., Kraft, M. K., & Kerr, J. (2006). An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annual Review of Public Health, 27(1), 297–322. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samson, B., & Allida, V. (2018). Moral decline in schools: Reflections on public secondary schools in Iganda district. Uganda. Baraton Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 8(1), 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators. (2009). Appropriate instructional practice guidelines, K-12: A side-by-side comparison. https://convention.shapeamerica.org//Common/Uploaded%20files/uploads/pdfs/Appropriate-Instructional-Practices-Grid.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators. (2018). National guidelines for physical education and physical activity. https://www.shapeamerica.org/standards/guidelines/
   Google Scholar
• Siedentop, D., & van der Mars, H. (2022). Introduction to physical education, fitness, and sport. Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Silverman, S. (2011). Teaching for student learning in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 82(6), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2011.10598642
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, G. (1997). Does physical education affect character development in students? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 68(9), 38–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1997.10605028
   Google Scholar
• Stokols, D. (1992). Establishing and maintaining healthy environments: Toward a social ecology of health promotion. American Psychologist, 47(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.47.1.6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll, S. K., & Beller, J. M. (1993, March). The effect of a longitudinal teaching methodology and classroom environment on both cognitive and behavioral moral development. Proceedings from the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Stoll, S. K., & Beller, J. M. (2000). Do sports build character? In J. R. Gerdy (Ed.), Sports in school: The future of an institution (pp.18–30). Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Suherman, A. (2018). The implementation of character education values in integrated physical education subject in elementary school. SHS Web of Conferences, 42(1), 00045. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200045
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, M. R., Smith, A. L., & Stuntz, C. P. (2008). Moral development in sport and physical activity. In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (pp. 187–210, 449–452). Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar