References
- Rudman D, Feller AG: Protein-calorie undernutrition in the nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 37: 173–183, 1989.
- Good RA, Fernandes G, West A: Nutrition and immunity. In: “Nutrition Review's Present Knowledge in Nutrition,” 5th ed. Washington, DC: The Nutrition Foundation, pp 693–710, 1984.
- Pinchcofsky-Devin GD, Kaminski MV: Correlation of pressure sores and nutritional status. J Am Geriatr Soc 34: 435–440, 1986.
- Heymsfield SB, Bethel RA, Ansley JD, Nixon DW, Rudman D: Enteral hyperalimentation: an alternative to central venous hyperalimentation. Ann Intern Med 90: 63–71, 1979.
- Cataldi-Betcher EL, Seltzer MH, Slocum BA, Jones KW: Complications occurring during enteral nutrition support: a prospective study. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 7: 546–552, 1983.
- Abernathy GB, Heizer WD, Holcombe BJ, Raasch RH, Schlegel KE, Hak LJ: Efficacy of tube feeding in supplying energy requirements of hospitalized patients. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 13: 387–391, 1989.
- Ciocon JO, Silverstone FA, Graver LM, Foley CJ: Tube feedings in elderly patients: indications, benefits and complications. Arch Intern Med 148: 429–433, 1988.
- Peck A, Cohen CE, Mulvihill MN: Long-term enteral feeding of aged demented nursing home patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 38: 1195–1198, 1990.
- Quill TA: Utilization of nasogastric feeding tubes in a group of chronically ill elderly patients in a community hospital. Arch Intern Med 149: 1937–1941, 1989.
- Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Mukherjee D: “Nutritional Assessment of the Elderly through Anthropometry.” Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories, p 10, 1987.
- Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Mukherjee D: “Nutritional Assessment of the Elderly through Anthropometry.” Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories, p 14, 1987.
- Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Mukherjee D: “Nutritional Assessment of the Elderly through Anthropometry.” Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories, p 12, 1987.
- Blackburn GL, Bistrian Br, Maini BS, Schlamm HT, Smith MF: Nutritional and metabolic assessment of the hospitalized patient. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1: 11–22, 1977.
- Bayoumi RA, Rosalki SB: Evaluation of methods of coenzyme activation of erythrocyte enzymes for the detection of deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, and B6. Clin Chem 22: 1456–1464, 1977.
- Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Bowen PE, Kikendall JW, Burgess M: Simultaneous determination of serum retinol and various carotenoids: their distribution in middle-aged men and women. J Micronutr Anal 3: 27–45, 1987.
- Smith JC Jr, Butrimovitz GP, Purdy WC: Direct measurement of zinc in plasma by atomic adsorption spectroscopy. Clin Chem 25: 1487–1491, 1979.
- Committee on Dietary Allowances, Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council: “Recommended Dietary Allowances,” 9th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science, 1980.
- Long CL, Schaffel N, Geiger JW, Schiller WR: Metabolic response to injury and illness: estimation of energy and protein needs from indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 3: 452–456, 1979.
- Rowland ML: A nomogram for computing body mass index. Dietetic Currents 16: 5–12, 1989.
- Chumlea WC Roche AF, Mukherjee D: “Nutritional Assessment of the Elderly through Anthropometry.” Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories, p 30, 1987.
- Bowen PE, Custer PB: Reference values and age-related trends for arm muscle area, arm fat area, and sum of skinfolds for United States adults. J Am Coll Nutr 3: 357–376, 1984.
- Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Mukherjee D: “Nutritional Assessment of the Elderly through Anthropometry.” Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories, p 32, 1987.
- Bierman EL, Chait A: Nutrition and diet in relation to hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. In Shils ME, Young VR (eds): “Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease.” Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp 1283–1297, 1988.
- McCormick DB: Thiamin. In Shils ME, Young VR (eds): “Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease.” Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp 355–361, 1988.
- McCormick DB: Riboflavin. In Shils ME, Young VR (eds): “Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease.” Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp 362–369, 1988.
- Solomons NW: Zinc and copper. In Shils ME, Young VR (eds): “Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease.” Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp 238–262, 1988.
- Olson JA: Vitamin A, retinoids and carotenoids. In Shils ME, Young VR (eds): “Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease.” Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp 292–312, 1988.
- Morgan DB, Newton HMV, Schorah CJ, Jewitt MA, Hancock MR, Hullin RP: Abnormal indices of nutrition in the elderly: a study of different clinical groups. Age Ageing 15: 65–76, 1986.
- Rudman D, Mattson DE, Nagraj HS, Caindec N, Rudman I, Jackson DL: Antecedents of death in the men of a Veterans Administration nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 35: 496–502, 1987.
- Agarwal N, Acevedo F, Leighton LS, Cayten CG, Pitchumoni CS: Predictive ability of various nutritional variables for mortality in elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr 48: 1173–1178, 1988.
- Forette B, Tortrat D, Wolmark Y: Cholesterol as risk factor for mortality in elderly women. Lancet 1: 868–870, 1989.
- Rudman D, Mattson DE, Nagraj HS, Feller AG, Jackson DL, Caindec N, Rudman IW: Prognostic significance of serum cholesterol in nursing home men. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 12: 155–158, 1988.
- Berner Y, Morse R, Frank O, Baker H, Shike M: Vitamin plasma levels in long-term enteral feeding patients. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 13: 525–528, 1989.
- Bowen PE, Mobarhan S, Henderson CT, Stacewicz-Sapun-Tzakis M, Friedman H, Kaiser R: Hypocarotenemia in patients fed enterally with commercial liquid diets. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 12: 484–489, 1988.
- Bidlack WR: Nutritional requirements of the elderly. In Morley JE, Glick Z, Rubenstein LZ (eds): “Geriatric Nutrition: A Comprehensive Review.” New York: Raven, pp 41–72, 1990.
- Ott L, Young B, Phillips R, McClain C: Brain injury and nutrition. Nutr Clin Practice 5: 68–73, 1990.
- Rudman D, Abbasi AA, Chaudry F, Mattson DA: Protein quality of two liquid-formula diets used in nursing homes. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 47–54, 1991.
- Abernathy GB, Heizer WD, Holcombe BJ, Raasch RH, Schlegel KE, Hak LJ: Efficacy of tube feeding in supplying energy requirements of hospitalized patients. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 13: 387–391, 1989.
- Sandman PO, Adolfsson R, Nygren C, Hallmans G, Winblad B: Nutritional status and dietary intake in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease and multiinfarct dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 35: 31–38, 1987.
- Setia U, Serventi I, Lorenz P: Bacteremia in a long-term facility: spectrum and mortality. Arch Intern Med 144: 1633–1635, 1984.
- Rudman D, Hontanosas A, Cohen Z, Mattson D: Clinical correlates of bacteremia in a Veterans Administration extended care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc 36: 726–732, 1988.
- Selikson S, Damus K, Hamerman D: Risk factors associated with immobility. J Am Geriatr Soc 36: 707–712, 1988.