Effects of Exogenous Recombinant Human Growth Hormone on an Animal Model of Suboptimal Nutrition

REFERENCES

• Lifshitz F: Nutrition and growth. In Paige DM (ed): “Clinical Nutrition. Nutrition and Growth Supplement 4.” St Louis: C.V. Mosby, pp 40–47, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Lifshitz F, Moses N, Pugliese M, Spancer H: Criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition in children with nutritional dwarfing. (Abstract). J Am Coll Nutr 7: 417, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Lifshitz F, Finch NM, Lifshitz JZ: Obesity. In Lifshitz F (ed): “Children’s Nutrition.” Boston: Jones & Bartlett, p 295, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Smith NJ: Excessive weight loss and food aversion in athletes stimulating anorexia nervosa. Pediatrics 66(1): 139–142, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Lifshitz F, Moses N: Growth failure: a complication of dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am J Dis Child 143: 537–542, 1989.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kanof ME, Lake AM, Bayless TM: Decreased height velocity in children and adolescents before diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 95: 1523–1527, 1988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groll A, Candy DCA, Preece MA, Tanner JM, Harries JT: Short stature as the primary manifestation of coeliac disease. Lancet 21: 1097–1099, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Brettler DB, Forsberg A, Bolivar E, Brewster F, Sullivan J: Growth failure as a prognostic indicator for progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children with hemophilia. J Pediatr 117: 584–588, 1990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alemzadeh R, Pugliese M, Lifshitz F: Disorders of puberty. In Friedman SB, Fisher M, Shonger SK (eds): “Comprehensive Adolescent Health Care.” St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, pp 187–205, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Lifshitz F, Friedman S, Smith M, Cervantes C, Recker B, O’Connor M: Nutritional dwarfing: a growth abnormality associated with reduced erythrocyte Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 997–1004, 1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR: Effects of caloric or protein restriction on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins in children and adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80(2): 443–449, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Clemmons DR, Klibanski A, Underwood LE, McArthur JW, Ridgeway EL, Beitins IZ, Van Wyk JJ: Reduction in plasma immunoreactive somatomedin-C during fasting in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 53: 1247–1250, 1981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isley WL, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR: Changes in plasma somatomedin-C in response of diets with variable protein, and energy content. JPEN 8: 407–411, 1984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamboni G, Dufillot D, Antoniazzi F, Roberta V, Dominique G, Luciano T: Growth hormone-binding proteins and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in protein-energy malnutrition, before and after nutritional rehabilitation. Pediatr Res 39: 410–414, 1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdenur JE, Pugiese MT, Cervantes C, Fort P, Lifshitz F: Alterations in spontaneous growth hormone secretion and the response to growth hormone releasing hormone in children with nonorganic nutritional dwarfing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75(3): 930–934, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Tarim O, Chasalow FI, Murphy J, Rising R, Carrillo A, Lifshitz F: Evaluation of differential effects of carbohydrate and fat intake on weight gain, serum IGF-I, growth and erythrocyte Na+, K+-ATPase activity in suboptimal nutrition in rats. J Am Coll Nutr 16: 159–165, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tannenbaum GS, Rorstad O, Brazeaus P: Effects of prolonged food deprivation on the ultradian growth hormone rhythm and immunoreactive somatostatin levels in rat. Endocrinology 104: 1733–1738, 1979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thissen JP, Underwood LE, Maiter D, Maes M, Clemmons DR, Ketelslegers JM: Failure of insulin-like growth factor-I infusion to promote growth in protein restricted rats despite normalization of serum IGF-I concentrations. Endocrinology 128: 885, 1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes M, Underwood LE, Gerard G, Ketelslegers JM: Relationship between plasma somatomedin-C and liver somatogenic binding sites in neonatal rats during malnutrition and after short and long term refeeding. Endocrinology 116: 786–792, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Emler CA, Schalch DS: Nutritional-induced changes in hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression in rats. Endocrinology 120: 832–834, 1987.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Underwood LE, Thissen JP, Lemozy S, Ketelslegers JM, Clemmons DR: Hormonal and nutritional regulation of IGF-I and its binding proteins. Horm Res 42: 145–151, 1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCargar LJ, Baracos VE, Clanidinin MT: Influence of dietary carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on whole body nitrogen retention and body composition in adult rats. J Nutr 1240–1245, 1989.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yallow R, Berson S: Introduction and general considerations. In Odell WD, Daughaday WH (eds): “Principles of Competitive Protein Binding Assays.” Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., pp 1–19, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• Powell DR, Liu F, Baker B, Lee PDK, Belsha CW, Brewer ED, Hintz RL: Characterization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in chronic renal failure serum. Pediatr Res 33: 136–142, 1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boozer C, Schoenbach G, Atkinson RC: Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically. Am J Physiol 268: E546–E550, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thissen JP, Triest S, Underwood LE, Maes M, Ketelslegers JM: Divergent responses of serum insulin-like growth factor-I and liver growth hormone (GH) receptors to exogenous GH in protein restricted rats. Endocrinology 126: 908–913, 1990.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muaku SM, Beauloye V, Thissen JP, Underwood LE, Ketelslegers JM, Maiter D: Effects of maternal protein malnutrition on fetal growth, plasma insulin-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, and liver insulin-like growth factor gene expression in the rat. Pediatr Res 37: 334–342, 1995.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muaku SM, Beauloye V, Thissen JP, Underwood LE, Fossion C, Gerard G, Ketelslegers JM, Maiter D: Long-term effects of gestational protein malnutrition on postnatal growth, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding proteins in rats progeny. Pediatr Res 39: 649–655, 1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Unterman TG, Donovan SM: Human growth hormone but not insulin-like growth factor-I enhances recovery from neonatal malnutrition in rats. J Nutr 125: 1316–1327, 1995.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilmore DW, Moylan JA Jr, Bristow BF, Bristow BF Jr, Mason AD Jr, Pruitt BA Jr: Anabolic effects of human growth hormone and high caloric feedings following thermal injury. Surg Gynecol Obstet 138: 875–884, 1974.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts CT Jr, Brown AL, Graham DE, Seelings S, Berry S, Gabbay KH: Growth hormone regulates the abundance of insulin-like growth factor I RNA in adult rat liver. J Biol Chem 261: 10025–10028, 1986.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Isaksson OG, Eden S, Jansson JO: Mode of action of pituitary growth hormone on target cells. Annu Rev Physiol 47: 483–499, 1985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isley WL, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR: Dietary components that regulate serum somatomedin-C concentrations in humans. J Clin Invest 71: 175–182, 1983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemmons DR, Seek MM, Underwood LE: Supplemental essential amino acids augment the somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I response to refeeding after fasting. Metabolism 34: 391–395, 1985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thissen JP, Ketelslegers JM, Underwood LE: Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors. Endocrinol Rev 15: 80–101, 1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR: Effects of caloric or protein restriction on IGF-I and IGFBP in children and adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80: 443–449, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder DK, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR: Persistent lipolytic effect of exogenous growth hormone during caloric restriction. Am J Med 98: 129–134, 1995.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salomon F, Cuneo RC, Hesp R, Sonksen PH: The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth deficiency. N Engl J Med 321: 1797–1803, 1989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemmons DR, Snyder DK, Williams R, Underwood LE: Growth hormone administration conserves lean body mass during dietary restriction in obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64: 878–884, 1987.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snyder DK, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR: The anabolic effects of growth hormone in obese diet-restricted subjects are dose dependent. Am J Clin Nutr 52: 431–437, 1990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar