REFERENCES
- Kohmoto T, Fujui F, Takaku H, Mitsuoka T: Dose-response test of isomaltooligosaccharides for increasing fecal Bifidobacteria. Agric Biol Chem 55: 2157–2159, 1991.
- Kohmoto T, Tsuji K, Kaneko T, Shiota M, Fukui F, Takaku H, Nakagawa Y, Ichikawa T, Kobayashi S: Metabolism of 13C-isomaltooligosaccharides in healthy men. Biotech Biochem 56: 937–940, 1992.
- Liu S, Ling Y, Tsai CE: Biotechnically synthesized oligosaccharides and polydextrose reduce constipation and putrefactive metabolites in the human. Nutr Sci J (Taiwan) 19: 221–232, 1994.
- Yang Y, Tsai CE: Effects of biosynthetic indigestible carbohydrates on digestion and lipid metabolism in rats. Food Sci (Taiwan) 20: 215–228, 1993.
- Liu S, Tsai CE: Effects of biotechnically synthesized oligosaccharides and polydextrose on serum lipids in the human. Nutr Sci J (Taiwan) Soc 20: 1–12, 1995.
- Yamashita T, Kawai K, Itakura M: Effect of fructooligosaccharide on blood glucose and serum lipid in diabetic subjects. Nutr Res 4: 961–966, 1984.
- van Dokkum W, Wezendonk B, Srikumar TS, van den Heuvel EGHM: Effect of nondigestible oligosaccharides on large-bowel functions, blood lipid concentrations and glucose absorption in young healthy male subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 53: 1–7, 1999.
- Ohta A, Ohtsuki M, Baba S, Adachi T, Sakata T, Sakaguchi E: Calcium and magnesium absorption from the colon and rectum are increased in rats fed fructooligosaccharides. J Nutr 125: 2417–2424, 1995.
- Brommage R, Binacua C, Antille S, Carrié AL: Intestinal calcium absorption in rats is stimulated by dietary lactulose and other resistant sugars. J Nutr 123: 2186–2194, 1993.
- Heijnen AMP, Brink EJ, Lemmens AG, Beynen AC: Ileal pH and apparent absorption of magnesium in rats fed on diets containing either lactose or lactulose. Br J Nutr 70: 747–756, 1993.
- Read NM, Celik AF, Katsinelos P: Constipation and incontinence in the elderly. J Clin Gastroenterol 20: 61–70, 1995.
- Heller SN, Hackler LR, Rivers JM, Van Soest PJ, Roe DA, Lewis BA, Robertson JB: Dietary fiber: the effect of particle size of wheat bran on colonic function in young adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 1734–1744, 1980.
- Mahoney FL, Barthel DW: Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Md State Med J 14: 62, 1965.
- Chen HL, Haack VS, Janecky CW, Vollendorf NW, Marlett JA: Mechanisms by which wheat bran and oat bran increase stool weight in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 68: 711–719, 1998.
- Fleming SE, Traitler H, Koellreuter B: Analysis of volatile fatty acids in biological specimens by capillary column gas chromatography. Lipids 22: 195–200, 1987.
- Remesy C, Demigne C: Determination of volatile fatty acids in plasma after ethanolic extraction. Biochem J 141: 85–91, 1974.
- Department of Health: “Composition of Common Food in Taiwan District.” Taipei, ROC: Department of Health, 1998.
- Department of Health: “Recommended Daily Nutrient Allowances.” Taipei, ROC: Department of Health, 1993.
- Frisancho AR: New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 2540–2545, 1981.
- Gibson GR, Beatty ER, Wang X, Cummings JH: Selective stimulation of bifodobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin. Gastroenterol 108: 975–982, 1995.
- Hidaka H, Eida T, Takizawa T, Tokunaga T, Tashiro Y: Effects of fructooligosaccharides on intestinal flora and human health. Bifidobacteria Microflora 5: 37–50, 1986.
- Kohmoto T, Fukui F, Takaku H, Machida Y, Auai M, Mitsuoka T: Effect of isomaltooligosaccharides on human fecal flora. Bifidobacteria Microflora 7: 61–69, 1988.
- Kashimura J, Kimura M, Itokawa Y: The effects of isomaltulose, isomalt, and isomaltulose-based oligomers on mineral absorption and retention. Biol Trace Elem Res 54: 239–250, 1996.