The Effect of Breakfast Type on Total Daily Energy Intake and Body Mass Index: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)

REFERENCES

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: “Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives: Full Report, with Commentary.” Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,1991 .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: “Healthy People 2010,” 2nd ed. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,2000 .
   Google Scholar
• Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL: Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960–1994. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord22 :39– 47,1998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suwaidi JA, Higano ST, Holmes DR, Lennon R, Lerman A: Obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol37 :1523– 1528,2001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lissner L, Heitmann BL: Dietary fat and obesity: evidence from epidemiology. Eur J Clin Nutr49 :79– 90,1995 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: “Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report.” National Institutes of Health,1998 .
   Google Scholar
• Harvard Medical School: Trials of hypertension prevention [unpublished]. Protocol1987 .
   Google Scholar
• Ford ES: Body mass index, diabetes, and C-reactive protein among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care22 :1971– 1977,1999 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrander LD, Lamphiear DE, Block WD: Diabetes among men in a general population: prevalence and associated physiological findings. Arch Intern Med136 :415– 420,1976 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chapman GE, Melton CL, Hammond GK: College and university students’ breakfast consumption patterns: behaviours, beliefs, motivations and personal and environmental influences. Can J Diet Pract Res59 :176– 182,1998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruxton CHS, Kirk TR: Breakfast: a review of associations with measures of dietary intake, physiology and biochemistry. Br J Nutr78 :199– 213,1997 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines PS, Guilkey DK, Popkin BM: Trends in breakfast consumption of US adults between 1965 and 1991. J Am Diet Assoc96 :464– 470,1996 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellisle F, Monneuse MO, Steptoe A, Wardle J: Weight concerns and eating patterns: a survey of university students in Europe. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord19 :723– 730,1995 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM, Carson T: Trends in breakfast consumption for children in the United States from 1965 to 1991. Am J Clin Nutr67 :748S– 756S,1998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summerbell CD, Moody RC, Shanks J, Stock MJ, Geissler C: Relationship between feeding pattern and body mass index in 220 free-living people in four age groups. Eur J Clin Nutr50 :513– 519,1996 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson SA, O’Sullivan KR: Breakfast cereal consumption patterns and nutrient intakes of British schoolchildren. J R Soc Health115 :336– 370,1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Ortega RM, Requejo AM, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Quintas ME, Andres P, Redondo MR, Navia B, Lopez-Bonilla MD, Rivas T: Differences in the breakfast habits of overweight/obese and normal weight schoolchildren. Int J Vitam Nutr Res68 :125– 132,1998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellisle F, Rolland-Cachera MF, Deheeger M, Guilloud-Bataille M: Obesity and food intake in children: evidence for a role of metabolic and/or behavioral daily rhythms. Appetite11 :111– 118,1988 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega RM, Redondo MR, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Quintas ME, Zamora MJ, Andres P, Encinas-Sotillos A: Associations between obesity, breakfast-time food habits and intake of energy and nutrients in a group of elderly Madrid residents. J Am Coll Nutr15 :65– 72,1996 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe WS, Campbell CC, Frongillo EA, Haas JD, Melnick TA: Overweight schoolchildren in New York state: prevalence and characteristics. Am J Public Health84 :807– 813,1994 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluck ME, Geliebter A, Satov T: Night eating syndrome is associated with depression, low self-esteem, reduced daytime hunger, and less weight loss in obese outpatients. Obes Res9 :264– 267,2001 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keim NL, Van Loan MD, Horn WF, Barbieri TF, Mayclin PL: Weight loss is greater with consumption of large morning meals and fat-free mass is preserved with large evening meals in women on a controlled weight reduction regimen. J Nutr127 :75– 82,1997 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halberg F: Chronobiology and nutrition. Contemp Nutr8 :2 pp[unpaginated],1983 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin A, Normand S, Sothier M, Peyrat J, Louche-Pelissier C, Laville M: Is advice for breakfast consumption justified? Results from a short-term dietary and metabolic experiment in young healthy men. Br J Nutr84 :337– 344,2000 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlundt DG, Hill JO, Sbrocco T, Pope-Cordle J, Sharp T: The role of breakfast in the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr55 :645– 651,1992 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drummond S, Crombie N, Kirk T: A critique of the effects of snacking on body weight status. Eur J Clin Nutr50 :779– 783,1996 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Dea JA, Caputi P: Association between socioeconomic status, weight, age and gender, and the body image and weight control practices of 6- to 19-year-old children and adolescents. Health Education Research16 :521– 532,2001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AP: Breakfast and mental health. Int J Food Sci Nutr49 :397– 402,1998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM, Carson T: Differences in food patterns at breakfast by sociodemographic characteristics among a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. Prev Med30 :415– 424,2000 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicklas TA, Myers L, Reger C, Beech B, Berenson GS: Impact of breakfast consumption on nutritional adequacy of the diets of young adults in Bogalusa, Louisiana: ethnic and gender contrasts. J Am Diet Assoc98 :1432– 1438,1998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics: Plan and operation of the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1994. Vital Health Stat1 (32),1994 .
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics: Sample design: third national health and nutrition examination survey. Vital Health Stat 2(113),1992 .
   Google Scholar
• Briefel RB, McDowell MA, Alaimo K, Caughman CR, Bischo AL, Carroll MD, Johnson CL: Total energy intake of the US population: the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1991. Am J Clin Nutr62 :1072S– 1080S,1995 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: “NHANES III Dietary Interviewer’s Manual.” Hyattsville, MD: Westat,1992 .
   Google Scholar
• Shah BV, Barnwell BG, Hunt PN, La Vange LM: “SUDAAN User’s Manual: Release 5.50.” Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute,1991 .
   Google Scholar
• Zabik ME: Impact of ready-to-eat cereal consumption on nutrient intake. Cereal Foods World32 :234– 239,1987 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson TA, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM: The importance of breakfast meal type to daily nutrient intake: differences by age and ethnicity. Cereal Foods World44 :414– 422,1999 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astrup A, Toubro S, Raben A, Skov AR: The role of low-fat diets and fat substitutes in body weight management: what have we learned from clinical studies? J Am Diet Assoc97 :S82– S87,1997 .
   Google Scholar
• Resnicow K: The relationship between breakfast habits and plasma cholesterol levels in schoolchildren. J Sch Health61 :81– 85,1991 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawitscher M, Mayer J: Energy requirements and breakfast cereals. Food Policy6 :27– 32,1981 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicklas TA, Bao W, Webber LS, Berenson GS: Breakfast consumption affects adequacy of total daily intake in children. J Am Diet Assoc93 :886– 891,1993 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turconi G, Bazzano R, Caramella R, Porrini M, Crovetti R, Lanzola E: The effects of high intakes of fibre ingested at breakfast on satiety. Eur J Clin Nutr49(Suppl 3) :S281– S285,1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Heaton KW: Food fibre as an obstacle to energy intake. Lancetii :1418– 1421,1973 .
   Google Scholar
• Wyatt HR, Grunwald GK, Mosca CL, Klem ML, Wing RR, Hill JO: Long-term weight loss and breakfast in subjects in the national weight control registry. Obes Res10 :78– 82,2002 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stanton JL, Keast DR: Serum cholesterol, fat intake, and breakfast consumption in the United States adult population. J Am Coll Nutr8 :567– 572,1989 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YL, Hoerr SL, Song WO: Breakfast is the lowest fat meal for young adult women. J Nutr Educ29 :184– 188,1997 .
   Google Scholar