391
Views
58
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Evaluating Efficacy of a Chitosan Product Using a Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Protocol

, PhD, FACN, , PhD & , MD MACN
Pages 389-394 | Received 14 Oct 2004, Accepted 17 Apr 2006, Published online: 02 Jul 2013

REFERENCES

  • Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL: Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000.JAMA291 :238– 1245,2004 .
  • Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Correction: actual causes of death in the United States, 2000.JAMA293 :293– 294,2005 .
  • Vastag B: Obesity is now on everyone’s plate.JAMA291 :1186– 1188,2004 .
  • Associated Press: “Doctors Say They Must Model Healthy Diet,” June 15,2004 .
  • Galuska DA, Will JC, Serdula MK, Ford ES: Are health care professionals advising obese patients to lose weight?JAMA282 :1576– 1578,1999 .
  • Wee CC, McCarthy EP, David RB, Phillips RS: Physician counseling about exercise.JAMA282 :1583– 1588,1999 .
  • Wang F, McDonald T, Champagne LJ, Edington DW: Relationship of body mass index and physical activity to health care costs among employees.J Occup Environ Med46 :428– 436,2004 .
  • Hennen WJ: Chitosan: the fiber that binds fat. In “Chitosan.” Pleasant Grove, UT: Woodland Publishing, pp3– 31,1996 .
  • Furda I: Reduction of absorption of dietary lipids and cholesterol by chitosan and its derivatives and special formulations. In Muzzarelli RA (ed): “Chitosan per os: from Dietary Supplement to Drug Carrier,” Grottammare, Italy: Atec, pp65– 76,2000 .
  • Kaats GR, Blum K, Pullin D, Keith SC, Wood R: A randomized double-masked placebo controlled replication and extension of the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition.Curr Ther Res Clin Exp59 :379– 388,1998 .
  • Schneider PL, Crouter SE, Bassett DR: Pedometer measures of free-living physical activity: comparison of 13 models.Med Sci Sports Exerc36 :331– 335,2004 .
  • The DIETCOACH, Nutritional Data Systems, Inc. New York, NY,1992 . (This company is no longer in business.)
  • Muzzarelli RA, Tanfani F, Emanuelli M, Muzzarelli MG, Celia G: The production of chitosans of superior quality.J Appl Biochem3 :316– 321,1981 .
  • Furda I, Brine CJ: Interaction of dietary fiber with lipids: mechanistic theories and their limitations.Adv Exp Med Biol270 :67– 82,1990 .
  • Vahouny GV: Dietary fiber, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis.Fed Proc41 :2801– 2806,1982 .
  • Kelsay JL, Behall KM, Prather ES: Effect of fiber from fruits and vegetables on metabolic responses of human subjects. I. Bowel transit time, number of defecations, fecal weight, urinary excretion of energy and nitrogen and apparent digestibilities of energy, nitrogen, and fat.Am J Clin Nutr31 :1149– 1153,1978 .
  • Anderson JW, Siesel AE: Hypocholesterolemic effects of oat products.Adv Exp Med Biol270 :17– 36,1990 .
  • Krotkiewski M: Effect of guar gum on body-weight, hunger ratings and metabolism in obese subjects.Br J Nutr52 :97– 105,1984 .
  • Kay RM, Truswell AS: Effect of citrus pectin on blood lipids and fecal steroid excretion in man.Am J Clin Nutr30 :171– 175,1977 .
  • Trautwein EA, Kunath-Rau A, Erbersdobler HF: Increased fecal bile acid excretion and changes in the circulating bile acid pool are involved in the hypocholesterolemic and gallstone-preventative actions of psyllium in hamsters.J Nutr129 :896– 902,1999 .
  • Costa MA, Mehta T, Males JR: Effects of dietary cellulose, psyllium husk and cholesterol level on fecal and colonic microbial metabolism in monkeys.J Nutr119 :986– 992,1989 .
  • Ganji V, Kies CV: Psyllium husk fiber supplementation to soybean and coconut oil diets of humans: effect of fat digestibility and feacal fatty acid excretion.Eur J Clin Nutr48 :595– 597,1994 .
  • Haber GB, Heaton KW, Murphy D, Burroughs L: Depletion and disruption of dietary fibre: effects on satiety, plasma-glucose and serum-insulin.Lancet2 :679– 682,1977 .
  • Heaton KW: Food intake regulation and fiber. In Spiller GA, Kay RM, (eds): “Medical Aspects of Dietary Fiber.” New York: Plenum Medical, pp220– 238, 1980.
  • Wadstein J, Thom E, Heldman E, Gudmundsson S, Lilja B: Biopolymer L112: a chitosan with fat binding properties and potential as a weight reducing agent. In Muzzarelli RA (ed): “Chitosan per os: from Dietary Supplement to Drug Carrier,” Grottammare, Italy: Atec, pp65– 76,2000 .
  • Marcusen C, Preuss HG: Internal technical report for Richardson’s Labs. Boise, Iowa,1997 .
  • Deuchi K, Kanauchi O, Imasato Y, Kobayashi E: Effect of the viscosity or deacetylation degree of chitosan on fecal fat excreted from rats fed on a high-fat diet.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem59 :781– 785,1995 .
  • Kanauchi O, Deuchi K, Imasato Y, Kobayashi E: Increasing effect of a chitosan and ascorbic acid mixture on fecal dietary fat excretion.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem58 :1617– 1620,1994 .
  • Deuchi K, Kanauchi O, Imasato Y, Kobayashi E: Decreasing effect of chitosan on the apparent fat digestibility by rats fed on a high-fat diet.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem58 :1613– 1616,1994 .
  • Borroso Aranda J, Contreras F, Bagchi D, Preuss HG: Efficacy of a novel chitosan formulation on fecal fat excretion: a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study.J Med33 :209– 225,2002 .
  • Tsujikawa T, Kanauchi O, Andoh A, Saotome T, Sasaki M, Fujiyama Y, Bamba T: Supplement of a chitosan and ascorbic acid mixture for Crohn’s disease: a pilot study.Nutrition19 :137– 139,2003 .
  • Stern JS, Gades MD, Halsted CH: Chitosan does not block fat absorption in men fed high fat diet (Abstract). North American Association for Study of Obesity,1999 .
  • Guerciolini R, Radu-Radulescu L, Boldrin M, Dallas J, Moore R: Comparative evaluation of fecal fat excretion induced by orlistat and chitosan.Obes Res9 :364– 367,2001 .
  • Heymsfield SB, Smith J, Kasriel S, Barlow J, Lynn MJ, Nixon D, Lawson DH: Energy malabsorption: measurement and nutritional consequences.Am J Clin Nutr34 :1954– 1960,1981 .
  • Blum JM: Executive Summary of Technical Report: Chitosol Triglyceride Testing. February2000 .
  • Maezaki Y, Tsuji K, Nakagawa Y, Kawai Y, Akimoto M, Tsugita T, Takekawa T, Terada A, Hara H, Mitsuoka T: Hypocholesterolemic effect of chitosan in adult males.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem57 :1439– 1444,1993 .
  • Terada A, Hara H, Sato D, Higashi T, Nakayama S, Tsuji K, Sakamoto K, Ishioka E, Maezaki Y, Tsugita T, Takekawa T, Mitsuoka T: Metabolites of humans.Microb Ecol Health Dis8 :15– 21,1995 .
  • Angerer JD, Cykron DM, Iyer S, Jerrell TA: Dry acid-chitosan complexes, patent 6,326,475, December 4,2001 .
  • Bailly J, Fleury A, Hadvary P, Lengfeld H, Steffan H: Pharmaceutical composition containing chitosan, patent 6,030,953, Feb 29,2000 .
  • Isler D, Rehm W, Widmer E: Biomasses to treat non-human animals. Patent 5,447,953, September 5,1995 .
  • Gondal JA, MacArthy P, Myers AK, Preuss HG: Effects of dietary sucrose and fibers on blood pressure in hypertensive rats.Clin Nephrol45 :163– 168,1996 .
  • Miura T, Usami M, Tsuura Y, Ishida H, Seino Y: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of chitosan in normal and neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.Biol Pharm Bull18 :1623– 1625,1995 .
  • DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E: Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Diabetes Care14 :173– 194,1991 .
  • Preuss HG: Effects of glucose/insulin perturbations on aging and chronic disorders of aging: the evidence.J Am Coll Nutr16 :397– 403,1997 .
  • Crawford V, Scheckenbach R, Preuss HG: Effects of niacin-bound chromium supplementation on body composition in overweight African-American women.Diabetes Obes Metab1 :331– 337,1999 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.