References
- KugathasanSJuddRHHoffmanRGHeikenenJTelegaGKhanFWeisdorf-SchindeleSSan PabloWJrPerraultJParkRYaffeMBrownCRivera-BennettMTHalabiIMartinezABlankEWerlinSLRudolphCDBinionDG: Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease in Wisconsin: A statewide population-based study. J Pediatr 143: 525– 531, 2003.
- BurnhamJMShultsJSemeaoEFosterBJZemelBSStallingsVALeonardMB: Body-composition alterations consistent with cachexia in children and young adults with Crohn's disease. Am J Clin Nutr 82: 413– 420, 2005.
- WongSCMacRaeVEMcGroganPAhmedSF: The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease growth retardation. J Pediatr Gastro Nutr 43: 144– 155, 2006.
- MotilKJGrandRJMatthewsDEBierDMMaletskosCTYoungVR: Whole body leucine metabolism in adolescents with Crohn's disease and growth failure during nutritional supplementation. Gastroenterology 82: 1359– 1368, 1982.
- NewbyEASawczenkoAThomasAGWilsonD: Interventions for growth failure in childhood Crohn's disease. Cochrane Data Base Syst Rev. Issue 3: CD003873: 1– 15, 2005.
- RuemmeleFMRoyCCLevyESeidmanEG: Nutrition as primary therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease: fact or fantasy. J Pediatr 136: 285– 291, 2000.
- AlpersteinGDaumFFisherSEAigesHMarkowitzJBeckerJSoHScwartzDSilverbergMSchneiderK: Linear growth following surgery in children and adolescents with Crohn's disease: relationship to pubertal status. J Pediatr Surg 20: 129– 133, 1985.
- MarkowitzJGrancherKKohnNLesserMDaumF: A multicenter trial of 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone in children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 119: 895– 902, 2000.
- CezardJPNouailiNTalbotecCHugotJPGobertJCSchmitzJMougenotJFAlbertiCGouletO: A prospective study of the efficacy and tolerance of a chimeric antibody to tumor necrosis factors (Remicade) in severe pediatric Crohn's disease. J Pediatr Gastro Nutr 36: 632– 636, 2003.
- PodolskyDK: Selective adhesion-molecule therapy and inflammatory bowel disease- a tale of Janus? N Engl J Med 353: 1965– 1968, 2005.
- D'HaensG: Risks and benefits of biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 56: 725– 732, 2007.
- SeidmanEGRoyCCWeberAMMorinCL: Nutritional therapy of Crohn's disease in childhood. Dig Dis Sci 32 (12 Suppl): 82S– 88S, 1987.
- GohJO'MorainCA: Review article: nutrition and adult inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 17: 307– 320, 2003.
- MotilKJGrandRJDavis-KraftLFerlicLLSmithEO: Growth failure in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study. Gasroenterology 105: 681– 691, 1993.
- FitzgeraldAJRaiPSMarchbankTTaylorGWGhoshSRitzBWPlayfordRJ: Reparative properties of a commercial fish protein hydrolysate preparation. Gut 54: 775– 781, 2006.
- AmmonHPSafayhiHMackTSabierajJ: Mechanism of anti-inflammatory actions of curcumine and boswellic acids. J Ethnopharmacol 38: 113– 119, 1993.
- JobinCBradhamCARussoMPJumaBNarulaASBrennerDASartorRB: Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-kappa B kinase activity. J Immunol 163: 3474– 3483, 1999.
- BelluzziA: N-3 fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Nutri Soc 61: 391– 395, 2002.
- PlayfordRJMacdonaldCDJohnsonWS: Colustrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 72: 5– 14, 2000.
- ShanahanF: Physiological basis for novel drug therapies used to treat the inflammatory bowel diseases. I. Pathophysiological basis and prospects for probiotic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 288: G417– G421, 2005.
- BjarnosanRSavage MO: Growth hormone insensitivity: a widening diagnosis. Arch Dis Child 81: 378– 379, 1999.
- DieckgraefeBKKorzenikJRHusainADierufL: Association of glycogen storage disease 1b and Crohn disease: results of a North American survey. Eur J Pediatr 161 (Suppl 1): S88– S92, 2002.
- HyamsJSMarkowitzJF: Can we alter the natural history of Crohn's disease in children? J Ped Gastro Nutr 40: 262– 272, 2005.
- HeuschkelRSalvestriniCBeattieRMHildebrandHWaltersTGriffithsA: Guidelines for the management of growth failure in childhood inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 14: 839– 849, 2008.
- BallingerABCamacho-HubnerCCroftNM: Growth failure and intestinal inflammation. QJM. 94: 121– 125, 2001.
- PodolskyDK: Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 347: 417– 429, 2002.
- BatidaGNosPAguasMBeltranBRubinADasiFPonceJ: Incidence, risk factors and clinical course of thiopurine-induced liver injury in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 22: 775– 82, 2005.
- WilliamsKLFullerCRDielemanLADaCostaCMHaldemanKMSartorRBLundPK: Enhanced survival and mucosal repair after dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in transgenic mice that overexpress growth hormone. Gastroenterology 120: 925– 937, 2001.
- HanXSosnowskaDBonkowskiELDensonLA: Growth hormone inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and reduces disease activity in murine colitis. Gastroenterology 129: 185– 203, 2005.
- CalkinsBMMendeloffAI: Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Epidemiol Rev 8: 60– 91, 1986.
- BorthakurABhattacharyyaSDudejaPKTobacmanJK: Carrageenan induces interleukin-8 production through distinct Bc10 pathway in normal colonic epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 129: G829– 838, 2007.
- PerssonPGAhlbomAHellersG: Diet and inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Epidemiology 3: 47– 52, 1992.
- HumberJO: Nutritional factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Eur Gastroenterol Hepatol 10: 235– 237, 1998.
- PennerRFedorakRNMadsenKL: Probiotics and nutraceuticals: non-medicinal treatments of gastrointestinal diseases. Curr Opin Pharm 5: 596– 603, 2005.
- BergSSappingtonPLGuzikLJDeludeRLFinkMP: Proinflammatory cytokines increase the rate of glycolysis and adenosine-5′-triphosphate turnover in cultured rat enterocytes. Crit Care Med 31: 1203– 1212, 2003.
- UnnoNMenconiMJSalzmanALSmithMHagenSGeYEzellRMFinkMP: Hyperpermeability and ATP depletion induced by chronic hypoxia or glycolytic inhibition in Caco-2Bbe monolayers. Am J Physiol 170: G1010– G1021, 1996.
- SlonimAEBuloneLDamoreMBGoldbergTWingertzahnMAMcKinleyMJ: A preliminary study of growth hormone therapy for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med 342: 1633– 1637, 2000.
- CalendaKASchornagelILSadeghi-NejadAGrandRJ: Effect of recombinant growth hormone treatment on children with Crohn's disease and short stature: a pilot study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 11: 435– 441, 2005.
- HardinDSRiceJAhnCFerkolTHowenstineMSpearsSPrestidgeCSeilheimerDKShepherdR: Growth hormone treatment enhances nutrition and growth in children with cystic fibrosis receiving enteral nutrition. J Pediatr 146: 324– 328, 2005.
- PrzkoraRHerndonDNSumanOEJeschkeMGMeyerWJChinkesDLMlcakRPHuangTBarrowRE: Beneficial effects of extended growth hormone treatment after hospital discharge in pediatric burn patients. Ann Surg 243: 796– 801, 2006.
- WoelfleJBilliardJRotweinP: Acute control of insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription by growth hormone through Stat5b. J Biol Chem 278: 22696– 22702, 2003.
- HanXOsuntokunBBenightNLoeschKFrankSJDensonLA: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b promotes mucosal tolerance in pediatric Crohn's disease and murine colitis. Am J Pathol 169: 1999– 2013, 2006.
- MillerMEMichayliraCZSimmonsJGNeyDMDahlyEMHealthJKLundPK: Suppressor of cytokine signaling-2: a growth hormone-inducible inhibitor of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Gastroenterology 127: 570– 581, 2004.
- TheissAlFullerCrSimmonsJGLiuBSartorRBLundPK: Growth hormone reduces the severity of fibrosis associated with chronic intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology 129: 204– 219, 2005.