827
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorial

Enhancing inclusivity of older Black and African American adults in mental health research

, BA, , MA, , MD, PhD & , PhDORCID Icon

References

  • Alvidrez, J., Castille, D., Laude-Sharp, M., Rosario, A., & Tabor, D. (2019). The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1), S16–s20. doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304883
  • American Psychological Association. (2018). Demographics of the U.S. psychology workforce: Findings from the 2007-16 American Community Survey. https://nces.ed.gov/FCSM/pdf/F3_Lin_2018FCSM.pdf
  • American Psychological Association. (2021). Diversity (in APA dictionary of psychology). Author. Retrieved October 7 from https://dictionary.apa.org/diversity
  • Areán, P. A., Alvidrez, J., Nery, R., Estes, C., & Linkins, K. (2003). Recruitment and retention of older minorities in mental health services research. Gerontologist, 43(1), 36–44. doi:10.1093/geront/43.1.36
  • Association of American Medical Colleges. (2019). Diversity in medicine: Facts and figures 2019. https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/figure-15-percentage-full-time-us-medical-school-faculty-race/ethnicity-2018
  • Bahrampour, T. (2021). Census race categories increasingly fail to reflect how people see themselves. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/09/30/census-2020-race-ethnicity-categories/
  • Bardach, S. H., Benton, B., Walker, C., Alfred, D. L., Ighodaro, E., Caban-Holt, A., & Jicha, G. A. (2019). Perspectives of African American older adults on brain health: “Brains get tired too.” Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 33(4), 354–358. doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000335
  • Bardach, S. H., Yarbrough, M., Walker, C., Alfred, D. L., Ighodaro, E., Kiviniemi, M. T., & Jicha, G. A. (2021). Insights from African American older adults on brain health research engagement: “Need to see the need.” Journal of Applied Gerontology, 40(2), 201–208. doi:10.1177/0733464820902002
  • Blendon, R. J., & Casey, L. S. (2019). Discrimination in the United States: Perspectives for the future. Health Services Research, 54(S2), 1467–1471. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13218
  • Bourabain, D., & Verhaeghe, P. P. (2021). The conceptualization of everyday racism in research on the mental and physical health of ethnic and racial groups: A systematic review. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(3), 648–660. doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00824-5
  • Boyd-Franklin, N. (2003). Black families in therapy: Understanding the African American experience. New York City, New York: Guildford Press.
  • Breen, N., Lewis, D. R., Gibson, J. T., Yu, M., & Harper, S. (2017). Assessing disparities in colorectal cancer mortality by socioeconomic status using new tools: Health disparities calculator and socioeconomic quintiles. Cancer Causes Control, 28(2), 117–125. doi:10.1007/s10552-016-0842-2
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513–531. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513
  • Brownlow, B. N., Sosoo, E. E., Long, R. N., Hoggard, L. S., Burford, T. I., & Hill, L. K. (2019). Sex differences in the impact of racial discrimination on mental health among Black Americans. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(11), 112. doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1098-9
  • Brown, G., Marshall, M., Bower, P., Woodham, A., & Waheed, W. (2014). Barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities to mental health research: A systematic review. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 23(1), 36–48. doi:10.1002/mpr.1434
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Health disparities. Author. Retrieved October 29 from https://www.cdc.gov/aging/disparities/index.htm
  • Clay, K. L. (2019). ‘Despite the odds’: Unpacking the politics of black resilience neoliberalism. American Educational Research Journal, 56(1), 75–110. doi:10.3102/0002831218790214
  • Del Pino, S., Sánchez-Montoya, S. B., Guzmán, J. M., Mújica, O. J., Gómez-Salgado, J., & Ruiz-Frutos, C. (2019). Health inequalities amongst people of African descent in the Americas, 2005-2017: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 18. doi:10.3390/ijerph16183302
  • Ejiogu, N., Norbeck, J. H., Mason, M. A., Cromwell, B. C., Zonderman, A. B., & Evans, M. K. (2011). Recruitment and retention strategies for minority or poor clinical research participants: Lessons from the healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span study. Gerontologist, 51(Suppl 1), S33–45. doi:10.1093/geront/gnr027
  • Erving, C. L., Thomas, C. S., & Frazier, C. (2019). Is the black-white mental health paradox consistent across gender and psychiatric disorders? American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(2), 314–322. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy224
  • Galton, F. (1869). Hereditary genius: An inquiry into its laws and consequences. New York City, New York: MacMillan and Co.
  • Gamble, V. N. (1997). Under the shadow of Tuskegee: African Americans and health care. American Journal of Public Health, 87(11), 1773–1778. doi:10.2105/ajph.87.11.1773
  • George, S., Duran, N., & Norris, K. (2014). A systematic review of barriers and facilitators to minority research participation among African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), e16–31. doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301706
  • Hall, W. J., Chapman, M. V., Lee, K. M., Merino, Y. M., Thomas, T. W., Payne, B. K., … Coyne-Beasley, T. (2015). Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 105(12), e60–76. doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302903
  • Harari, L., & Lee, C. (2021). Intersectionality in quantitative health disparities research: A systematic review of challenges and limitations in empirical studies. Social Science & Medicine, 277, 113876. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113876
  • Harris-Lacewell, M. (2001). No place to rest: African American political attitudes and the myth of black women’s strength. Women & Politics, 23(3), 1–33. doi:10.1300/J014v23n03_01
  • Harrison, T., Kahn, D. L., & Hsu, M. (2005). A hermeneutic phenomenological study of widowhood for African-American women. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 50(2), 131–149. doi:10.2190/U122-9K12-3CLM-AJ9W
  • Hill, C. V., Pérez-Stable, E. J., Anderson, N. A., & Bernard, M. A. (2015). The National Institute on aging health disparities research framework. Ethnicity & Disease, 25(3), 245–254. doi:10.18865/ed.25.3.245
  • Hines, P., & Boyd-Franklin, N. (1996). African American families. In M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, & J. K. Pearce (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (2nd ed.). New York City, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hong, L., & Page, S. E. (2004). Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101(46), 16385–16389. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403723101
  • Ighodaro, E. T., Littlejohn, E. L., Akhetuamhen, A. I., & Benson, R. (2021). Giving voice to Black women in science and medicine. Nature Medicine, 27(8), 1316–1317. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01438-y
  • Ighodaro, E. T., Nelson, P. T., Kukull, W. A., Schmitt, F. A., Abner, E. L., Caban-Holt, A., … Fernander, A. (2017). Challenges and considerations related to studying dementia in Blacks/African Americans. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 60(1), 1–10. doi:10.3233/jad-170242
  • Kim, G., Parmelee, P., Bryant, A. N., Crowther, M. R., Park, S., Parton, J. M., & Chae, D. H. (2017). Geographic region matters in the relation between perceived racial discrimination and psychiatric disorders among black older adults. Gerontologist, 57(6), 1142–1147. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw129
  • Lang, R., Kelkar, V. A., Byrd, J. R., Edwards, C. L., Pericak-Vance, M., & Byrd, G. S. (2013). African American participation in health-related research studies: Indicators for effective recruitment. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 19(2), 110–118. doi:10.1097/PHH.0b013e31825717ef
  • Lett, E., Orji, W. U., Sebro, R., & Koniaris, L. G. (2018). Declining racial and ethnic representation in clinical academic medicine: A longitudinal study of 16 US medical specialties. PLoS One, 13(11), e0207274. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207274
  • McSweeney, J. C., Pettey, C. M., Fischer, E. P., & Spellman, A. (2009). Going the distance: Overcoming challenges in recruitment and retention of Black and White women in multisite, longitudinal study of predictors of coronary heart disease. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 2(4), 256–264. doi:10.3928/19404921-20090803-01
  • National Institutes of Health. (2001). NIH policy on reporting race and ethnicity data. Bethesda, MD: Author Retrieved from https://grants.nih.gov/policy/inclusion/women-and-minorities.htm
  • National Institutes of Health. (2017). Amendment: NIH policy and guidelines on the inclusion of women and minorities as subjects in clinical research. (NOT-OD-18-014). Bethesda, MD: Author Retrieved from https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-18-014.html
  • National Institutes of Health. (2022). NIH RCDC inclusion statistics report https://report.nih.gov/RISR/#/home?facet=Race
  • Newmark, J., Gebara, M. A., Aizenstein, H., & Karp, J. F. (2020). Engaging in late-life mental health research: A narrative review of challenges to participation. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 7(3), 317–336. doi:10.1007/s40501-020-00217-9
  • Park, J. (2017). Historical origins of the Tuskegee experiment: The dilemma of public health in the United States. Uisahak, 26(3), 545–578. doi:10.13081/kjmh.2017.26.545
  • Pearcy, J. N., & Keppel, K. G. (2002). A summary measure of health disparity. Public Health Reports, 117(3), 273–280. doi:10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50161-9
  • Perina, K. (2011). An apology from psychology today: Statement from the editor.
  • Roberts, S. O., Bareket-Shavit, C., Dollins, F. A., Goldie, P. D., & Mortenson, E. (2020). Racial inequality in psychological research: Trends of the past and recommendations for the future. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(6), 1295–1309. doi:10.1177/1745691620927709
  • Schwartz, M. A., Moskalewicz, M., & Wiggins, O. P. (2017). Karl Jaspers: The icon of modern psychiatry. Israel Journal of Psychiatry, 54(2), 4–7.
  • Shah, A., Macauley, C., Ni, L., Bay, A. A., & Hackney, M. E. (2022). The relationship between attitudes about research and health literacy among African American and White (Non-Hispanic) community dwelling older adults. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 9(1), 93–102. doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00932-2
  • Sharpe, P. A., Stucker, J., Wilcox, S., Liese, A. D., & Bell, B. A. (2021). Recruitment and retention for the evaluation of a healthy food initiative in economically disadvantaged, majority African American communities. Family & Community Health, 44(1), 43–51. doi:10.1097/fch.0000000000000259
  • Singh, G. K. (2003). Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969-1998. American Journal of Public Health, 93(7), 1137–1143. doi:10.2105/ajph.93.7.1137
  • Skloot, R. (2010). The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks. New York City, New York: Crown Publishers.
  • Taylor, R. J., Chatters, L. M., & Sands, L. P. (2020). Psychiatric disorders among older Black Americans: Within- and between-group differences. Innovation in Aging, 4(3), igaa007. doi:10.1093/geroni/igaa007
  • Thomas Tobin, C. S., Erving, C. L., Hargrove, T. W., & Satcher, L. A. (2022). Is the Black-White mental health paradox consistent across age, gender, and psychiatric disorders? Aging & Mental Health, 26(1), 196–204. doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1855627
  • Tucker, W. H. (2005). The racist past of the American psychology establishment. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 48(48), 108–112. doi:10.2307/25073255
  • U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration. (2017). 2015 National content test: Race and ethnicity analysis report. Washington DC, USA: United States Census Bureau Retrieved from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/final-analysis-reports/2015nct-race-ethnicity-analysis.pdf
  • Valantine, H. A., & Collins, F. S. (2015). National Institutes of Health addresses the science of diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(40), 12240–12242. doi:10.1073/pnas.1515612112
  • Washington, H. (2006). Medical apartheid: The dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. New York City, New York: Doubleday.
  • Watson, N. N., & Hunter, C. D. (2015). Anxiety and depression among African American women: The costs of strength and negative attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(4), 604–612. doi:10.1037/cdp0000015
  • West, L. M., Donovan, R. A., & Daniel, A. R. (2016). The price of strength: Black college women’s perspectives on the strong black woman stereotype. Women & Therapy, 39(3–4), 390–412. doi:10.1080/02703149.2016.1116871
  • Williams, D. R., Yan, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335–351. doi:10.1177/135910539700200305

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.