Towards a Consensus of a Competency Framework for Clinical Supervision in Nursing: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Skills

References

• Abel-Smith, B. (1960). A history of the nursing profession. London, UK: Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Anema, M., & McCoy, J. (2010). Competency based nursing education: Guide to achieving outstanding learner outcomes. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Arvidsson, B., & Fridlund, B. (2005). Factors influencing nurse supervisor competence: A critical incident analysis study. Journal of Nursing Management, 13, 231–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bagnall, G., Sloan, G., Platz, S., & Murphy, S. (2011). NHS Education for Scotland training in generic supervision competencies for psychological therapies: Pilot course development and evaluation. Mental Health Practice, 14(6), 18–23.
   Google Scholar
• Bakarman, A. A. (2004). Attitude, skill, and knowledge: (ASK) a new model for design education. Retrieved from http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/10177/Documents/ASK%20Final%20paper.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bartle, J. (2000). Clinical supervision: Its place within the quality agenda. Nursing Management, 7(5), 30–33.
   Google Scholar
• Benfer, B. A. (1979). Clinical supervision as a support system for the care-giver. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 17(1), 13–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bloom, B., Englehart, M., Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York, NY; Toronto, Canada: Longmans, Green.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, M., & Holland, S. (1998). Skills of clinical supervision: A practical guide for supervisees, clinical supervisors and managers. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, M. E. (1958). The historical development of the process of casework supervision as seen in the professional literature of social work. Chicago, IL: Department of Social Work, University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Butterworth, T., Carson, J., White, E., Jeacock, J., Clements, A., & Bishop, V. (1997). It is good to talk: An evaluation study in England and Scotland. Manchester, UK: University of Manchester, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Buus, N., & Gonge, H. (2009). Empirical studies of clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing: A systematic literature review and methodological critique. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 18(4), 250–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun, J. G., Dollett, L., Sinioirs, M. E., Wainio, J. A., Butler, P., Griffith, J. R., & Warden, G. L. (2008). Development of an interprofessional competency model for healthcare leadership. Journal of Healthcare Management, 53(6), 375–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carkhuff, R., & Traux, C. (1965). Training in counselling and psychotherapy: An evaluation of an integrated didactic and experiential approach. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 29, 333–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catano, V., Darr, M., & Campbell, C. (2007). Performance appraisal of behaviour-based competencies: A reliable and valid procedure. Personnel Psychology, 60, 201–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers, M., & Cutcliffe, J. (2001). The dynamics and processes of ‘ending’ in clinical supervision. British Journal of Nursing, 10(21), 1403–1411.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chambers, M., & Long, A. (1995). Supportive clinical supervision: A crucible for personal and professional change. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2(5), 311–316.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connor, M. (1994). Training the counsellor: An integrative model. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cottrell, S. (2001). Occupational stress and job satisfaction in mental health nursing: Focused interventions through evidence-based assessment. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 8(2), 157–164.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Critchley, D. L. (1987). Clinical supervision as a learning tool for the therapist in milieu settings. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 25(8), 18–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cutcliffe, J. R., & Cassedy, P. (1998). Empathy, students and the problems of genuineness: Can we develop empathy on a short skills-based counselling course?Mental Health Practice, 1(9), 28–33.
   Google Scholar
• Cutcliffe, J. R., & Epling, M. (1997). An exploration of the use of John Heron's confronting interventions in clinical supervision: Case studies from practice. Psychiatric Care, 4(4), 174–180.
   Google Scholar
• Cutcliffe, J. R., & Hyrkas, K. (2006). Multidisciplinary attitudinal positions regarding Clinical Supervision: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 14, 617–627.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cutcliffe, J. R., Hyrkas, K., & Fowler, J. (2010). Routledge handbook of clinical supervision: Fundamental international themes. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cutcliffe, J. R., & Proctor, B. (1998). An alternative training approach to Clinical Supervision: 1. British Journal of Nursing, 7(5), 280–285.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davey, B., Desousa, C., Robinson, S., & Murrells, T. (2006). The policy-practice divide: Who has clinical supervision in nursing?Journal of Research in Nursing, 11(3), 237–248.
   Google Scholar
• Day, G. A. (1925). Changing competencies of supervision. The Modern Hospital, 24(5), 469–470.
   Google Scholar
• Driscoll, J. (2000). Practising clinical supervision: A reflective approach. London, UK: Bailliere Tindall.
   Google Scholar
• Driscoll, J. (2007). Practising clinical supervision: A reflective approach for health care professionals. London, UK: Bailliere Tindall.
   Google Scholar
• Farkas-Cameron, M. M. (1995). Clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing: A self-actualising process. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 33(2), 31–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faugier, J. (1994). Thin on the ground. Nursing Times, 90(20), 64–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faugier, J. (1998). The supervisory relationship. In T.Butterworth, J.Faugier, & P.Burnard (Eds.), Clinical supervision and mentorship in nursing (2nd ed.) (pp. 19–36). London, UK: Stanley Thorne.
   Google Scholar
• Faugier, J., & Butterworth, T. (1994). Clinical supervision: A position paper. Manchester, UK: University of Manchester.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler, J. (1995). Nurses' perception of the elements of good supervision. Nursing Times, 91(22), 33–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fowler, J. (1996). Clinical supervision: What do you do after you say hello?British Journal of Nursing, 5(6), 382–385.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freeman, R. (1952). Supervision in the improvement of nursing services. Public Health Nursing, 44(7), 370–373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawkins, P., & Shohet, R. (1989). Supervision in the helping professions. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heron, J. (1990). Helping the client: A creative practical guide. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Heron, J. (2001). Helping the client: A creative practical guide (5th edition). London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hoge, M. A., Tondora, J., & Marrelli, A. F. (2005). The fundamentals of workforce competency: Implications for behavioural health. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 32(5/6), 509, 531.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2000). In L. T.Kohn, J. M.Corrigan, & M. S.Donaldson (Eds.), To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2003). In A. C.Greiner & E.Knebel (Eds.), Health professions education: A bridge to quality. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johns, C., & Butcher, K. (1993). Learning through supervision: A case study of respite care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2(2), 89–93.
   Google Scholar
• Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. (2000). Meeting the competency challenge in behavioral healthcare: The resource tool for behavioral healthcare human resource professionals who must meet the rigorous requirements of JCAHO. Washington, DC: C&R Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, A. (1995). Clinical supervision in sustaining and developing nursing practice. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 1(4), 211–216.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, A. (2001). Possible influences on clinical supervision. Nursing Standard, 16(1), 38–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, L., Hancox, K., Happell, B., & Parker, J. (2008). Clinical supervision for nurses. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Manring, J., Beitman, B. D., & Dewan, M. J. (2003). Evaluating competence in psychotherapy. Academic Psychiatry, 27(3), 136–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milne, D. (2009). Evidence-based clinical supervision: Principles and practice. Oxford, UK: BPS Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Muecke, M. A. (1970). Video-tape recordings: A tool for psychiatric clinical supervisors. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 8(5), 200–208.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mulholland, J. (1994). Competency-based learning applied to nursing management. Journal of Nursing Management, 2(4), 161–166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NHS Education for Scotland and the Scottish Government. (2008). The matrix: A guide to delivering evidence-based psychological therapies in Scotland. Edinburgh, Scotland: NHS Education for Scotland and the Scottish Government.
   Google Scholar
• Nursing Midwifery Council. (2012a). Guidance on professional conduct for nursing and midwifery students. Retrieved from http://www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Guidance/NMC-Guidance-on-professional-conduct-for-nursing-and-midwifery-students.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Nursing Midwifery Council. (2012b). The code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. Retrieved from http://standards.nmc-uk.org/PreRegNursing/statutory/background/Pages/more-background-and-context.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen, D. P. (2001). Empathetic maturity: Theory of moral point of view in clinical relations. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(1), 36–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padesky, C. (1996). Developing cognitive therapist competency: Teaching and supervision models. In P. M.Salkovskis (Ed.), Frontiers of cognitive therapy (pp. 266–292). London, UK: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pesut, D. J., & Williams, C. A. (1990). The nature of clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing: A survey of clinical specialists. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 4(3), 188–194.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pilling, S., & Roth, A. (2014). The competent clinical supervisor. In C. E.Watkins, & D. L.Milne (Eds.), The Wiley international handbook of clinical supervision (pp. 20–37). London, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Platt-Koch, L. M. (1986). Clinical supervision for psychiatric nurses. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 24(1), 7–15.
   Google Scholar
• Power, S. (1999). Nursing supervision: A guide for clinical practice. London, UK: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Proctor, B. (1987). Supervision: A co-operative exercise in accountability. In M.Marken & M.Payne (Eds.), Enabling and ensuring: Supervision in practice (pp. 21–34). Leicester, UK: National Youth Bureau and the Council for Education and Training in Youth and Community Work.
   Google Scholar
• Proctor, B. (2001). The supervision alliance model. In J. R.Cutcliffe, T.Butterworth, & B.Proctor (Eds.), Fundamental themes of clinical supervision. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Proctor, B. (2010). Training for the supervision alliance. In J. R. Cutcliffe, T. Butterworth, & B. Proctor (Eds.), Routledge handbook of clinical supervision: Fundamental international themes (pp. 23–34). London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Rafferty, M., Llewellyn-Davies, B., & Hewitt, J. (2007). Setting standards for the practice of clinical supervision—a Welsh perspective. In J.Driscoll (Ed.), Practising clinical supervision: A reflective approach for health care professionals (pp. 217–242). London, UK: Bailliere Tindall.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, C. (1975). Empathic: An unappreciated way of being. The Counselling Psychologist, 2, 2–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, E. (1926). Principles and practices of supervision. American Journal of Nursing, 27(2), 119–120.
   Google Scholar
• Severinsson, E. I., & Hallberg, I. R. (1996). Clinical supervisors' views of their leadership role in the clinical supervision process within nursing care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(1), 151–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan, G. (1999). Good characteristics of a clinical supervisor: A community mental health nurse perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(3), 713–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan, G. (2000). The supervisory relationship: Are we forgetting something?Netlink: The Psychiatric Nursing Research Network, 14, 7–8.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, G. (2006). Clinical supervision in mental health nursing. London, UK: Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, G. (2007). Psychological approaches to the supervision encounter. In J.Driscoll (Ed.), Practising clinical supervision (pp. 95–118). London, UK: Bailliarie Tindall.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, G. (2008). Clinical supervision in mental health nursing: Accreditation anyone?Mental Health Nursing, 28(3), 18–20.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, G., & Fleming, M. (2010). Training requirements for clinical supervision in the United Kingdom. In J. R.Cutcliffe, K.Hyrkas, & J.Fowler (Eds.), Routledge handbook of clinical supervision: Fundamental international themes. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, G., White, C., & Coit, F. (2000). Cognitive therapy supervision as a framework for clinical supervision in nursing: Using structure to guide discovery. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(3), 515–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. P. (1995). Clinical supervision: Conference by the NHSE. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(5), 1029–1031.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spence, C., Cantrell, J., Christie, J., & Samet, W. (2002). A collaborative approach to the implementation of clinical supervision. Journal of Nursing Management, 10(2), 65–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Termini, M., & Hauser, M. J. (1973). The process of the supervisory relationship. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 11(3), 121–125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Todd, G., & Freshwater, D. (1999). Reflective practice and guided discovery: Clinical supervision. British Journal of Nursing, 8(20), 1383–1389.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trainor, M. A. (1978). A helping model for clinical supervision. Supervisor Nurse, 9(1), 30–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). Competencies for substance abuse treatment clinical supervisors. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
   Google Scholar
• Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program and The Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce. (2014). The Alaskan crosswalk: Exploring competencies and credentialing for the state's direct care workforce. Retrieved from http://annapoliscoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/the-alaskan-crosswalk-phase-i-report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, L. (1941). Development of floor nursing and supervision. Hospital, March53–56.
   Google Scholar
• Yarbrough, L. A., Stowe, M., & Haefner, J. (2012). Competency assessment and development among healthcare leaders: Results of a cross-sectional survey. Health Service Management Research, 25(2), 78–86.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar