Poverty Point Objects Reconsidered

References Cited

• Allen, Thurman 1986 Soils: Poverty Point. Soils on the Immediate and Locally Surrounding Poverty Point Area. In Recent Research at the Poverty Point Site, edited by Kathleen M. Byrd, pp. 163–200. Louisiana Archaeology No. 13. Louisiana Archaeological Society, Lafayette.
   Google Scholar
• Atalay, Sonya 2005 Domesticating Clay: The Role of Clay Balls, Mini Balls, and Geometric Objects in Daily Life at Çatalhöyük. In Changing Materialities at Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 1995–99 Seasons, edited by Ian Hodder, pp. 139–168. Çatalhöyük Project Vol. 5. McDonald Institute Monographs and British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
   Google Scholar
• Aten, Lawrence E. 1999 Middle-Archaic Ceremonialism at Tick Island, Florida: Ripley P. Bullen's 1961 Excavation at the Harris Creek Site. The Florida Anthropologist 52:131–200.
   Google Scholar
• Berryman, Annette, and David Frankel 1984 Archaeological Investigations of Mounds on the Wakool River, Near Baraham, New South Wales: A Preliminary Account. Australian Archaeology 19:21–30.
   Google Scholar
• Beveridge, Peter 1889 The Aborigines of Victoria and Riverina as Seen by Peter Beveridge. M. L. Hutchinson, Melbourne, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Blitz, John H., and C. Baxter Mann 2000 Fisherfolk, Farmers, and Frenchmen: Archaeological Explorations on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Archaeological Report No. 30. Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson.
   Google Scholar
• Bullen, Ripley P. 1972 The Orange Period of Peninsular Florida. In Fiber-Tempered Pottery in Southeastern United States and Northern Columbia: Its Origins, Context, and Significance, edited by Ripley P. Bullen and James B. Stoltman, pp. 9–33. Publication No. 6. Florida Anthropological Society, Fort Lauderdale.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, Simon, and John Eslner 1997 Pilgrimage Past and Present: Sacred Travel and Sacred Space in the World Religions. British Museum Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Connaway, John M., Samuel O. McGahey, and Clarence H. Webb 1977 Teoc Creek, a Poverty Point Site in Carroll County, Mississippi. Archaeological Report No. 3. Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson.
   Google Scholar
• Connolly, Robert P. 2001 Final Report on the 1980–1982 Excavations, Northwest Ridge One, the Poverty Point Site (16WC5). Poverty Point State Commemorative Area, Epps, Louisiana. Submitted to Division of Archaeology, Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism, Baton Rouge.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, James A., Phillip Phillips, and Williams G. Haag 1955 The Jaketown Site in West-Central Mississippi. Anthropological Papers Vol. 45, Pt. 1. American Museum of Natural History, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, James A., and George I. Quimby, Jr 1945 The Tchefuncte Culture, an Early Occupation of the Lower Mississippi Valley. Memoir No. 2. Society for American Archaeology, Menasha, Wisconsin.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, James A., and Clarence H. Webb 1956 Poverty Point, A Late Archaic Site in Louisiana. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 46, Pt. 1, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Gagliano, Sherwood M., and Roger T. Saucier 1963 Poverty Point Sites in Southeastern Louisiana. American Antiquity 28(3):320–327. doi: 10.2307/278275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagliano, Sherwood M., and Clarence H. Webb 1970 Archaic and Poverty Point Transition at the Pearl River Mouth. In The Poverty Point Culture, edited by Betty J. Broyles and Clarence H. Webb. Bulletin of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference 12: 42–72. Morgantown, West Virginia.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, Jon L. 1973 Social Systems at Poverty Point: An Analysis of Intersite and Intrasite Variability. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, Jon L. 1979 Poverty Point Trade in South Central Louisiana: An Illustration from Beau Rivage. Louisiana Archaeology 4:91–116.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, Jon L. 2000 The Ancient Mounds of Poverty Point, Place of Rings. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, Jon L. (editor) 1994 Exchange in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Contiguous Areas at 1100 B.C. Louisiana Archaeology No. 17. Louisiana Archaeological Society, Lafayette.
   Google Scholar
• Greenlee, Diana M. 2013 Nomination to the World Heritage List by the United States of America: Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point. Poverty Point State Historic Site, Epps, Louisiana. Submitted to World Heritage Centre, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Hays, Christopher T., James B. Stoltman, and Richard A. Weinstein 2011 From Missouri to Mississippi to Florida: More Research on the Distribution of Poverty Point Objects. Paper presented at the 68th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Jacksonville.
   Google Scholar
• Hays, Christopher T., James B. Stoltman, and Richard A. Weinstein 2015 From Missouri to Mississippi to Florida: More Research on the Distribution of Poverty Point Objects. In Exploring Southeastern Archaeology, edited by Patricia Galloway and Evan Peacock, pp. 99–118. University Press of Mississippi, Jackson.
   Google Scholar
• Hays, Christopher T., Robert H. Tykot, and Richard A. Weinstein 2009 Investigating Connections Between Poverty Point and Eastern Florida Using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry: A Preliminary Report. Paper presented at the 66th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Mobile.
   Google Scholar
• Hays, Christopher T., and Richard A. Weinstein 2004 Early Pottery at Poverty Point: Origins and Functions. In Early Pottery: Technology, Function, Style, and Interaction in the Lower Southeast, edited by Rebecca Saunders and Christopher T. Hays, pp. 150–168. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
   Google Scholar
• Heizer, Robert F. 1937 Baked Clay Objects of the Lower Sacramento Valley, California. American Antiquity 3:36–50. doi: 10.2307/275383
   Google Scholar
• Heller, Nathaniel, Dave Davis, Haley Holt, David Chatelain, Wayne Boyko, Charlotte Pevny, Raegan Buckley, Emily Meaden, Martha Williams, and R. Christopher Goodwin 2013 The Tchefuncte Culture and the Early Woodland Period in Coastal Louisiana: New Analyses of the Tchefuncte, Bayou Jasmine, Lafayette Mounds, and Little Woods Sites. R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc., New Orleans. Submitted to Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, New Orleans.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, Donald G. 1975 Functional Analyses of Poverty Point Clay Objects. The Florida Anthropologist 28(1):57–73.
   Google Scholar
• Hyde, Burma H., and William J. Folan 1980 The Dawn of Writing in the New World: Tokens and Trade in Poverty Point, Louisiana and Related Sites. Louisiana Archaeology 7:67–82.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, H. Edwin, and Marvin D. Jeter 1994 Preceramic Earthworks in Arkansas: A Report on the Poverty Point Period Lake Enterprise Mound (3AS379). Southeastern Archaeology 13(2):153–162.
   Google Scholar
• Jahn, Otto L., and Ripley P. Bullen 1978 The Tick Island Site, St. Johns River, Florida. Publication No. 10. Florida Anthropological Society, Gainesville.
   Google Scholar
• Janzen, Donald E. 2008 Unearthing the Past: The Archaeology of the Falls of the Ohio River Region. Butler Books, Louisville.
   Google Scholar
• Jeter, Marvin D., and H. Edwin Jackson 1994 Poverty Point Extraction and Exchange: The Arkansas Lithic Connection. In Exchange in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Contiguous Areas in 1100 B.C., edited by Jon L. Gibson, pp. 133–206. Louisiana Archaeology No. 17. Louisiana Archaeological Society, Lafayette.
   Google Scholar
• Kidder, Tristram R. 2011 Transforming Hunter-Gatherer History at Poverty Point. In Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology as Historical Process, edited by Kenneth E. Sassaman and Donald H. Holly, Jr., pp. 95–119. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
   Google Scholar
• Lear, Phyllis M. 1998 Poverty Point Objects: An Analysis of Stylistic Elements and Their Possible Significance. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Department of Art History, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
   Google Scholar
• Lizzarralde, Marina, and Lee J. Arco 2010 Analysis of the Tetrahedron Deposit at Jaketown. Poster presented at the 75th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, St. Louis.
   Google Scholar
• Mainfort, Robert C. 1997 Putative Poverty Point Phases in Western Tennessee: A Reappraisal. Tennessee Anthropologist 22(1):72–91.
   Google Scholar
• McGee, Ray M. 1995 Fired-Clay Objects: Cooking Technology From the Florida Shell Mound Archaic at Groves Midden (8-Vo-2601), Florida. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.
   Google Scholar
• Morse, Dan F. 1986 McCarty (3PO467): A Tchula Period Site Near Marked Tree, Arkansas. In The Tchula Period in the Mid-South and Lower Mississippi Valley: Proceedings of the 1982 Mid-South Archaeological Conference, edited by David H. Dye and Ronald C. Brister, pp. 70–92. Archaeological Report No. 17. Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson.
   Google Scholar
• Olive, Wilds W., and Warren I. Finch 1969 Stratigraphic and Mineralogical Relations and Ceramic Properties of Clay Deposits of Eocene Age in the Jackson Purchase Region, Kentucky, and in Adjacent Parts of Tennessee. Bulletin No. 1282. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
   Google Scholar
• Ortmann, Anthony L. 2007 The Poverty Point Mounds: Analysis of the Chronology, Construction History, and Function of North America's Largest Hunter-Gatherer Monuments. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans.
   Google Scholar
• Pauketat, Timothy R. 2013 An Archaeology of the Cosmos: Rethinking Agency and Religion in Ancient America. Routledge, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Pierce, Christopher 1998 Theory, Measurement, and Explanation: Variable Shapes in Poverty Point Objects. In Unit Issues in Archaeology, edited by Ann F. Ramenofsky and Anastasia Steffen, pp. 163–190. Utah University Press, Salt Lake City.
   Google Scholar
• Ramenofsky, Ann F., and Ann M. Mires 1985 The Archaeology of Cowpen Slough, 16CT147. Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. Submitted to Louisiana Division of Archaeology, Department of Culture, Recreation, and Tourism, Baton Rouge.
   Google Scholar
• Sassaman, Kenneth E. 1993 Early Pottery in the Southeast: Tradition and Innovation in Cooking Technology. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
   Google Scholar
• Sassaman, Kenneth E. 2005 Poverty Point as Structure, Event, Process. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 12(4):335–364. doi: 10.1007/s10816-005-8460-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, Joe W. 2010 Middle Archaic and Watson Brake. In Archaeology of Louisiana, edited by Mark A. Rees, pp. 63–76. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge.
   Google Scholar
• Small, James F. 1966 Additional Information on Poverty Point Baked Clay Objects. The Florida Anthropologist 19:65–76.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Gerald P. 1998 Notes on Terminal Archaic/Poverty Point Culture and Its Transition into Woodland in Western Tennessee. Tennessee Anthropologist 23(1–2):29–35.
   Google Scholar
• South, Stanley 2002 Archaeological Pathways to Historic Site Development. Springer, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Southerlin, B. G. 1989 Baked Clay Objects Along the South Carolina Coast. In An Archaeological Study of the Minim Island Site: Early Woodland Dynamics in Coastal South Carolina, compiled by Christopher T. Espenshade and Paul E. Brockington, pp. 265–271. Brockington and Associates, Inc., Atlanta. Submitted to Charleston District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Spivey, S. Margaret, Tristram R. Kidder, Anthony L. Ortmann, and Lee J. Arco 2015 Pilgrimage to Poverty Point? In The Archaeology of Events: Cultural Change and Continuity in the Pre-Columbian Southeast, edited by Zackary I. Gilmore and Jason M. O'Donoughue, pp. 141–159. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
   Google Scholar
• Stoltman, James B. 1989 A Quantitative Approach to the Petrographic Analysis of Ceramic Thin Sections. American Antiquity 54(1):147–160. doi: 10.2307/281336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoltman, James B. 1991 Ceramic Petrography as a Technique for Documenting Cultural Interaction: An Example from the Upper Mississippi Valley. American Antiquity 56(1):103–120. doi: 10.2307/280976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoltman, James B. 2004 Did Poverty Pointers Make Pots? In Early Pottery: Technology, Function, Style, and Interaction in the Lower Southeast, edited by Rebecca Saunders and Christopher T. Hays, pp. 210–222. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, Prentice M., and L. Janice Campbell 1991 The Elliott's Point Complex: New Data Regarding the Localized Poverty Point Expression on the Northwest Florida Coast, 2000 B.C.–500 B.C. In The Poverty Point Culture: Local Manifestations, Subsistence Practices, and Trade Networks, edited by Kathleen M. Byrd, pp. 103–119. Geoscience and Man Vol. 29. Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, Prentice M., and L. Janice Campbell (editors) 2005 Investigations in the New Madrid Floodway: Data Recovery at 23MI20, the Burkett Site, Mississippi County, Missouri, Vol. 1. Report of Investigations No. 500. Prentice Thomas and Associates, Fort Walton, Florida. Submitted to Memphis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, Prentice M., Jr, L. Janice Campbell, and James R. Morehead 2004 The Burkett Site (23MI20): Implications for Cultural Complexity and Origins. In Signs of Power: The Rise of Cultural Complexity in the Southeast, edited by Jon L. Gibson and Phillip J. Carr, pp. 114–128. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
   Google Scholar
• Tomaskova, Silvia 1995 A Site in History: Archaeology at Dolní Vestonice/Unterwisternitz. Antiquity 69(263):301–316. doi: 10.1017/S0003598X0006470X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tykot, Robert H., Nancy Marie White, Jeffrey P. Du Vernay, John S. Freeman, Christopher T. Hays, Martin Koppe, Christopher N. Hunt, Richard A. Weinstein, and Deena S. Woodward 2013 Advantages and Disadvantages of pXRF for Archaeological Ceramic Analysis: Prehistoric Pottery Distribution and Trade in NW Florida. In Archaeological Chemistry VIII, edited by Ruth Ann Armitage and James H. Burton, pp. 233–244. ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Agriculture 1970 Soil Survey of Shelby County, Tennessee. Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Agriculture 1980 Soil Survey of Volusia County, Florida. Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
   Google Scholar
• Walthall, John A., Clarence H. Webb, Stephen H. Stow, and Sharon I. Goad 1982 Galena Analysis and Poverty Point. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 7(1):133–148.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, Clarence H. 1968 The Extent and Content of the Poverty Point Culture. American Antiquity 33(3):297–321. doi: 10.2307/278700
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, Clarence H. 1982 The Poverty Point Culture. 2nd rev. ed. Geoscience and Man Vol. 17. School of Geoscience, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, Clarence H., James A. Ford, and Sherwood M. Gagliano ca. 1968 Poverty Point Culture and the American Formative. 2 vols. Manuscript on file, Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton Rouge.
   Google Scholar
• Weinstein, Richard A., and David B. Kelley 1992 Cultural Resources Investigations in the Terrebonne Marsh, South-Central Louisiana. Cultural Resources Series, Report No. COELMN/PD – 89/06. Environmental Analysis Branch, Planning Division, New Orleans District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Stephen 1991 Poverty Point North and Some Thoughts on Origins. In The Poverty Point Culture: Local Manifestations, Subsistence Practices, and Trade Networks, edited by Kathleen M. Byrd, pp. 95–101. Geoscience and Man Vol. 29. Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
   Google Scholar