The Disappearing Accused: Rhetoric, Narrative, and Campus Sexual Assault

Works Cited

• Anderson, Michelle. “Diminishing the Legal Impact of Negative Social Attitudes Toward Acquaintance Rape Victims.” New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, vol, 13, no. 44, 2010, pp. 644–64.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Nick. “Former JMU Student Says Assailants Were Given Light Punishment.” The Washington Post, 19 June 2014. Web.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Nick and Susan Svrluga. “What a Massive Sexual Assault Survey Found at 27 Top US Universities.” The Washington Post, 21 September 2015. Web.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, Barbara. “Framing Rape: An Examination of Public Relations Strategies in the Duke University Lacrosse Case.” Communication, Culture & Critique, vol. 1, no. 2, 2008, pp. 179–202.
   Google Scholar
• —. “How Newspapers Frame Rape Allegations: the Duke University Case.” Women and Language, vol. 35, no. 2, 2012, pp. 11–33.
   Google Scholar
• Bayard de Volo, Lorraine and Lynn Hall. “‘I Wish All the Ladies were Holes in the Road’: the US Air Force Academy and the Gendered Continuum of Violence.” Signs, vol. 40, no. 4, 2015, pp. 865–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett, Ann, Jody Mattern, Liliana Herakova, David Kahl, Jr., Cloy Tobola, and Susan Bornsen. “Communicating/Muting Date Rape: A Co-Cultural Theoretical Analysis of Communication Factors Related to Rape Culture on a College Campus.” Journal of Applied Communication Research, vol. 37, no. 4, 2009, pp. 465–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates, Linda, and Allan Wade. “Telling It like It Isn’t: Obscuring Perpetrator Responsibility for Violent Crime.” Discourse & Society, vol. 15, no. 5, 2004, pp. 499–526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates, Linda, Janet Beavin Bavelas, and James Gibson“Anomalous Language in Sexual Assault Trial Judgments.” Discourse & Society, vol. 5, no. 2, 1994, pp. 189–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coronel, Sheila, Steve Coll, and Derek Kravitz. “The Rolling Stone Report.” Columbia Journalism Review, vol. 54, no. 2, 2015, pp. 48–64.
   Google Scholar
• Devries, Karen, Jennifer Child, Loraine Bacchus, Joelle Mak, Gail Falder, Graham, K., Watts, C. and Heise, L. “Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Alcohol Consumption in Women: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” Addiction, vol. 109, 2014, pp. 379–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdely, Sabrina Rubin. “A Rape on Campus: A Brutal Assault and Struggle for Justice at UVA.” Rolling Stone, 19 November 2014. Web.
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlich, Susan. “Communities of Practice, Gender, and the Representation of Sexual Assault.” Language in Society, vol. 28, no. 2, 1999, pp. 239–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• —. “The Discursive Reconstruction of Sexual Consent.” Discourse and Society, vol. 9, no. 2, 1998, pp. 149–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, Rachel. “‘It Can Happen to You’: Rape Prevention in the Age of Risk Management.” Hypatia, vol. 19, no. 3, 2004, pp. 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Hesford, Wendy S. “Reading Rape Stories: Material Rhetoric and the Trauma of Representation.” College English, vol. 62, no. 2, 1999, pp. 192–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander, Jocelyn A., and Katie Rodgers. “Constructing Victims: The Erasure of Women’s Resistance to Sexual Assault.” Sociological Forum, vol. 29, no. 2, 2014, pp. 342–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Know Your IX. “Know Your IX in Detail,” 2016. Web.
   Google Scholar
• McBeth, Mark J., Michael D. Jones and Elizabeth A. Shanahan. “The Narrative Policy Framework,” Theories of the Policy Process, 3rd ed., edited by Paul A. Sabatier and Christopher M. Weible, Westview P, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Northcutt Bohmert, Miriam, Kayla Allison, and Caitlin Ducate. “‘A Rape was Reported’: Construction of Crime in a University Newspaper.” Feminist Media Studies, vol. 19, no. 6, 2019, pp. 873–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, Tracey and Julie Snyder-Yuly. “Any Four Black Men Will Do: Rape, Race, and the Ultimate Scapegoat.” Journal of Black Studies, vol. 37, no. 6, 2007, pp. 859–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pezza, Paul and Ann Bellotti. “College Campus Violence: Origins, Impacts, and Responses.” Educational Psychology Review, vol. 7, no. 1, 1995, pp. 105–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymond, Claire, and Sarah Corse. “A Distorting Mirror: Educational Trajectory After College Sexual Assault.” Feminist Studies, vol. 44, no. 2, 2018, pp. 464–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network (RAINN). “Perpetrators of Sexual Violence: Statistics.” 18 December 2018. Web.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, T. Rees. “UVA Dean Sues Rolling Stone for ‘False’ Portrayal in Retracted Rape Story,” The Washington Post, 12 May 2015. Web.
   Google Scholar
• Turnage, Anna. K. “Scene, Act, and the Tragic Frame in the Duke Rape Case.” Southern Communication Journal, vol. 74, no. 2, 2009, pp. 141–56.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Education. “Dear Colleague Letter.” 4 April 2011. Web.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Education. “Dear Colleague Letter.” 22 September 2017. Web.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Education. “Q&A on Title IX and Sexual Violence.” 29 April 2014. Web.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Education. “Q&A on Campus Sexual Misconduct.” September 2017. Web.
   Google Scholar
• von Lohmann, Fred. “Single-Sex Courses, Title IX, and Equal Protection: The Case for Self-Defense for Women.” Stanford Law Review, vol. 48, no. 1, 1995, pp. 177–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Will, George. “George Will: Colleges Become the Victims of Progressivism.” The Washington Post, 6 June 2014. Web.
   Google Scholar
• Worthington, Nancy. “Negotiating News Representations of Rape: Reporting on a College Sexual Assault Scandal.” Media Report to Women, vol. 33, no. 4, 2005, pp. 6–14.
   Google Scholar
• —. “Encoding and Decoding Rape News: How Progressive Reporting Inverts Textual Orientations.” Women’s Studies in Communication, vol. 31, no. 3, 2008, pp. 344–67.
   Google Scholar
• —. “Progress and Persistent Problems: Local TV News Framing of Acquaintance Rape on Campus.” Feminist Media Studies, vol. 8, no.1 2008, pp. 1–16.
   Google Scholar