Works Cited
- Adkins , Arthur . 1983 . “Form and Content in Gorgias’ Helen and Palamedes: Rhetoric, Philosophy, Inconsistency and Invalid Argument in Some Greek Thinkers.” . In Essays in Greek Philosophy , Edited by: Anton , John and Preus , Anthony . 107 – 28 . Albany : State U of New York P .
- Aune , James . 1993 . Review of Black Athena. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 79 : 119 – 22 .
- Bernai , Martin . 1987 . Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. Volume I: The Fabrication of Ancient Greece 1785–1985 , Volume I , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers UP .
- Clark , Maudemarie . 1990 . Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy , Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
- Cole , Thomas . 1991 . The Origins of Rhetoric in Ancient Greece , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins UP .
- Consigny , Scott . 1992 . “Gorgias's Use of the Epideictic.” . Philosophy and Rhetoric , 25 : 281 – 97 .
- _____ . 1992 . “The Styles of Gorgias.” . Rhetoric Society Quarterly , 22 : 43 – 53 .
- Dannhauser , W. J. 1974 . Nietzsche's View of Socrates , Ithaca, NY : Cornell UP .
- Danto , Arthur . 1965 . Nietzsche As Philosopher , New York : Macmillan .
- Del Caro , Adrian . 1989 . “Dionysian Classicism, or Nietzsche's Appropriation of an Aesthetic Norm.” . Journal of the History of Ideas , 50 : 589 – 605 .
- Demand , Nancy . 1971 . “Epicharmus and Gorgias.” . American Journal of Philology , 92 : 453 – 63 .
- Detienne , Marcel and Vernant , Jean‐Pierre . 1991 . Cunning Intelligence in Greek Culture and Society , Chicago : U of Chicago P .
- Diels , Hermann and Kranz , Walthjer , eds. 1959 . Die Fragmente Der Vorsokratiker , Berlin : Auguste Raabe .
- Dodds , E. R. 1990 . Plato's Gorgias , Oxford : Clarendon .
- Enos , Richard Leo . 1993 . Greek Rhetoric Before Aristotle. , Prospect Heights, IL. : Waveland .
- Faraone , Christopher . 1991 . “The Agonistic Context of Early Greek Binding Spells.” . In Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion , Edited by: Faraone , Christopher and Obbink , Dirk . 3 – 32 . New York : Oxford UP .
- Gadamer , Hans‐Georg . 1977 . Philosophical Hermeneutics. , Edited by: Linge , David E. Berkeley : U of California P .
- Grote , George . 1869 . A History of Greece , London : John Murray .
- Granier , Jean . 1977 . “Perspectivism and Interpretation.” . In The New Nietzsche , Edited by: Allison , David B. 190 – 200 . New York : Dell .
- Gronbeck , Bruce . 1972 . “Gorgias on Rhetoric and Poetic: A Rehabilitation.” . Southern Speech Communication Journal , 38 : 27 – 38 .
- Guthrie , W. K. C. 1971 . The Sophists , Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
- Hall , Edith . 1989 . Inventing the Barbarian , New York : Oxford UP .
- Hoy , David Couzens . 1986 . “Nietzsche, Hume and the Genealogical Method.” . In Nietzsche as Affirmative Thinker , Edited by: Yovel , Yirmyahu . Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff .
- Hunt , Lester . 1991 . Nietzsche and the Origin of Virtue , London : Routledge .
- Ijsseling , Samuel . 1976 . Rhetoric and Philosophy in Conflict , The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff .
- Jameson , Fredric . 1988 . “Marxism and Historicism.” . In The Ideologies of Theory: Essays 1971–1986. , Vol. 2 , Minneapolis : U of Minnesota P .
- Jarratt , Susan . 1991 . Rereading the Sophists: Classical Rhetoric Refigured , Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
- Kaufmann , Walter . 1974 . Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist , Princeton, NJ : Princeton UP .
- Kerferd , G. B. 1989 . The Sophistic Movement , Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
- Keuls , Eva C. 1993 . The Reign of the Phallus , Berkeley : U of California P .
- Lain Entralgo , Pedro . 1970 . The Therapy of the Word in Classical Antiquity , Edited by: Rather , L. J. and Sharp , John M. New Haven, CT : Yale UP .
- Lanham , Richard . 1976 . The Motives of Eloquence , New Haven, CT : Yale UP .
- Lloyd , G. E. R. 1979 . Magic, Reason and Experience: Studies in the Origins and Development of Greek Science , Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
- Lloyd‐Jones , Hugh . 1979 . “Nietzsche and the Study of the Ancient World.” . In Studies in Nietzsche and the Classical Tradition , Edited by: O'Flaherty , James , Seller , Timothy and Helm , Robert . 1 – 15 . Chapel Hill : U of North Carolina P .
- Magus , Bernd . 1988 . “The Use and Abuse of The Will To Power.” . In Reading Nietzsche , Edited by: Solomon , Robert O. and Higgins , Kathleen M. 218 – 35 . New York : Oxford UP .
- Moss , Roger . 1982 . “The Case for Sophistry.” . In Rhetoric Revalued , Edited by: Vickers , Brian . 207 – 24 . Binghampton : Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies .
- Nehamas , Alexander . 1985 . Nietzsche: Life as Literature , Cambridge, MA : Harvard UP .
- Nietzsche , Friedrich . 1966 . Basic Writings of Nietzsche. , Edited by: Kaufmann , Walter . New York : Modern Library .
- _____ . 1982 . Daybreak , Edited by: Hollingdale , R. J. Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
- _____ . 1989 . Friedrich Nietzsche on Rhetoric and Language , Edited by: Gilman , Sander , Blair , Carole and Parent , David . New York : Oxford UP .
- _____ . 1984 . Human, All‐Too‐Human , Edited by: Faber , Marion and Lehmann , Stephen . Lincoln : U of Nebraska P .
- _____ . 1974 . “Notes for ‘We Philologists.’” . Arion , 1 : 279 – 380 . Trans. William Arrowsmith
- _____ . 1979 . Philosophy and Truth: Selections from Nietzsche's Notebooks of the Early 1870's , Edited by: Breazeale , Daniel . Atlantic Highlands, NJ : Humanities P International .
- _____ . 1962 . Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks , Edited by: Cowan , Marianne . Washington, DC : Regnery .
- _____ . 1954 . The Portable Nietzsche , Edited by: Kaufmann , Walter . New York : Viking .
- _____ . 1968 . The Will To Power , Edited by: Kaufmann , Walter and Hollingdale , R. J. New York : Vintage .
- Norwood , Gilbert . 1931 . Greek Comedy , London : Methuen .
- Nussbaum , Martha . 1986 . The Fragility of Goodness , Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
- Ochs , Donovan . 1991 . “Review of Protagoras and Logos.” . Rhetoric Society Quarterly , 21 : 39 – 42 .
- Pease , Arthur Stanley . 1926 . “Things Without Honor.” . Classical Philology , 21 : 27 – 42 .
- Plato . 1967 . Gorgias , Edited by: Lamb , W. R. M. London : Wm. Heinemann .
- Poulakos , John . 1983 . “Gorgias’ Encomium to Helen and the Defense of Rhetoric.” . Rhetorica , 1 : 1 – 16 .
- _____ . 1990 . “Hegel's Reception of the Sophists.” . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 54 : 160 – 71 .
- _____ . 1990 . “Interpreting Sophistic Rhetoric: A Reply to Edward Schiappa.” . Philosophy and Rhetoric , 23 : 218 – 28 .
- Romilly , Jacqueline de . 1992 . The Great Sophists in Periclean Athens , Oxford : Oxford UP .
- _____ . 1975 . Magic and Rhetoric in Ancient Greece , Cambridge, MA : Harvard UP .
- Roochnik , David . 1990 . The Tragedy of Reason , 223 New York : Routledge .
- _____ . 1991 . “Stanley Fish and the Old Quarrel Between Philosophy and Rhetoric.” . Critical Review , 5 : 225 – 46 .
- Scarborough , John . 1991 . “The Pharmacology of Sacred Plants, Herbs and Roots.” . In Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion , Edited by: Faraone , John and Obbink , Dirk . 138 – 74 . New York : Oxford UP .
- Schiappa , Edward . 1991 . Protagoras And Logos: A Study in Greek Philosophy and Rhetoric , Columbia : U of South Carolina P .
- _____ . 1991 . “An Examination and Exculpation of the Composition Style of Gorgias of Leontini.” . PRE/TEXT , 12 : 238 – 57 .
- _____ . 1992 . "Rhêtorikê: What's in a Name? Toward a Revised History of Early Greek Rhetorical Theory.” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 78 : 1 – 15 .
- Schrift , Alan . 1990 . Nietzsche and the Question of Interpretation , New York : Routledge .
- Shaw , Daniel C. 1986 . “Nietzsche as Sophist: A Polemic.” . International Philosophical Quarterly , 26 : 331 – 39 .
- Sidgwick , Henry . 1872 . “The Sophists.” . The Journal of Philology , 8 : 288 – 307 .
- Sprague , Rosamund Kent , ed. 1990 . The Older Sophists , Columbia : U of South Carolina P .
- Strong , Tracy . 1975 . Friedrich Nietzsche and the Politics of Transfiguration , Berkeley : U of California P .
- Tejera , V. 1987 . Nietzsche and Greek Thought , Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff .
- Untersteiner , Mario . 1954 . The Sophists , Edited by: Freeman , Kathleen . Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
- Valadier , Paul . 1977 . “Dionysus Versus the Crucified.” . In The New Nietzsche , Edited by: Allison , David B. 247 – 61 . New York : Dell .
- Vitanza , Victor . 1987 . “Critical Sub/Versions of the History of Philosophical Rhetoric.” . Rhetoric Review , 6 : 41 – 66 .
- _____ . 1991 . ‘"Some More’ Notes, Toward a ‘Third’ Sophistic.” . Argumentation , 5 : 117 – 39 .
- White , Eric Charles . 1987 . Kaironomia , Ithaca, NY : Cornell UP .
- Winckelmann , Johann . 1775 . Gedanken uber die Nachamung der grieschen Werke, 27 45
- Caro , Adrian Del . 1989 . “Dionysian Classicism, or Nietzsche's Appropriation of an Aesthetic Norm.” . Journal of the History of Ideas , 50 : 589 – 605 .
- Winkler , John . 1991 . “The Constraints of Eros.” . In Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion , Edited by: Faraone , John and Obbink , Dirk . 214 – 43 . New York : Oxford UP .
- I would like to thank Edward Schiappa and Richard Leo Enos for their instructive comments on an earlier draft of this article. I would also like to thank David Roochnik, Thomas Kent, and Michael Mendelson for sharing with me their views of the sophists and the history of rhetoric.