Increase and diffusion of knowledge: Ethos of science and education in the Smithsonian's inception

Works cited

• Adams , John Quincy . 1904 . “ First Annual Address to Congress, December 6, 1825 ” . In A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789–1902 , Edited by: Richardson , James D. New York : Bureau of National Literature and Art .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1965 . The Great Design: Two Lectures on the Smithsonian Bequest, by John Quincy Adams , Edited by: Washburn , Wilcomb . Smithsonian .
   Google Scholar
• Adams , John Quincy . January 10 1863 . “ Microfilm ms. diary, Library of Congress ” . January 10 , Reel 44
   Google Scholar
• Bacon , Francis . 1976 . Works , Edited by: Spedding , James , Ellis , Robert Leslie and Heath , Douglass Denon . St. Clair Shores, MI : Scholarly .
   Google Scholar
• Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences . 1817 . Constitution , Washington, DC : George Washington University Special Collections Library . Microfilm reel 506
   Google Scholar
• Clark , Gregory and Halloran , S. Michael . 1993 . “Introduction: Transformations of Public Discourse in Nineteenth‐Century America” . In Oratorical Culture in Nineteenth‐Century America: Transformations in the Theory and Practice of Rhetoric , 1 – 26 . Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• Daniels , George H. 1968 . American Science in the Age of Jackson , New York : Columbia UP .
   Google Scholar
• Goode , G. Brown , ed. 1897 . The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896: The History of Its First Half Century , Smithsonian Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Kaestle , Carl F. 1983 . Pillars of the Republic: Common Schools and American Society: 1780–1860 , New York : Hill & Wang .
   Google Scholar
• Kimball , Bruce . 1986 . Orators and Philosophers: A History of the Idea of Liberal Education , Columbia Teachers College .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , Carolyn R. 1998 . “Reading Darwin, Reading Nature; or, on the Ethos of Historical Science” . In Understanding Scientific Prose , Edited by: Halloran , S. Michael and Selzer , Jack . 106 – 26 . Madison : U of Wisconsin P .
   Google Scholar
• Omstein , Martha . 1928 . The Role of Scientific Societies in the Seventeenth Century , Chicago : U of Chicago P .
   Google Scholar
• Poinsett , Joel . 1840 . “Discourse on the Objects and Importance of the National Institution for the Promotion of Science” . Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• Portolano , Mariana . 1998 . John Quincy Adams and the Rhetoric of the Smithsonian's Inception , Catholic Univ. of America . Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Purver , Margery . 1967 . The Royal Society: Concept and Creation , Cambridge : MIT P .
   Google Scholar
• Reid , Ronald F. 1993 . “Edward Everett and Neoclassical Oratory in Genteel America” . In Oratorical Culture in Nineteenth‐Century America: Transformations in the Theory and Practice of Rhetoric , Edited by: Clark , Gregory and Halloran , S. Michael . 29 – 56 . Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1959 . “The Boylston Professorship in Rhetoric and Oratory, 1806–1904: A Case Study in Changing Concepts of Rhetoric and Pedagogy” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 45 Oct. : 239 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , Nedra . 1993 . “Ethos as Location: New Sites for Understanding Discursive Authority” . Rhetoric Review , 11 Spring : 325 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Rhees , William J. , ed. 1901 . The Smithsonian Institution: Documents Relative to its Origin and History Vol. I 1835–1887 , Vol. I , Washington : Government Printing Office . This documentary history went through three editions and was originally published in 1879
   Google Scholar
• Seltzer , Jack . 1998 . “Introduction” . In Understanding Scientific Prose , Madison : U of Wisconsin P .
   Google Scholar
• Soltow , Lee and Stevens , Edward . 1981 . The Rise of Literacy and the Common School in the U.S.: A Socioeconomic Analysis to 1870 , Chicago : U of Chicago P .
   Google Scholar
• Sprat , Thomas . 1958 . History of the Royal Society , Edited by: Cope , Jackson I. and Jones , Harold Whitmore . St. Louis : Washington University Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Stephens , James . 1975 . Francis Bacon and the Style of Science , Chicago : U of Chicago P .
   Google Scholar
• Tyack , David B. 1966 . “Forming the National Character Paradox in the Educational Thought of the Revolutionary Generation” . Harvard Educational Review , 36 Winter : 29 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers , Brian . 1985 . “The Royal Society and English Prose Style: A Reassessment” . In Rhetoric and the Pursuit of Truth: Language Change in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries , Edited by: Vickers , Brian and Struever , Nancy S. 3 – 76 . Los Angeles : Clark Memorial Library .
   Google Scholar
• Washington , George . 1961 . “Farewell Speech” . In Living American Documents , Edited by: Starr , Isidore , Todd , Lewis Paul and Curti , Merle . 101 – 08 . New York : Harcourt .
   Google Scholar
• Zappen , James P. 1989 . “Francis Bacon and the Historiography of Scientific Rhetoric” . Rhetoric Review , 8 Fall : 74 – 87 .
   Google Scholar