References
- Alawadhi, S., Aldama-Nalda, A., Chourabi, H., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Leung, S., Mellouli, S., … Walker, S. (2012). Building understanding of smart city initiatives. In H.J. Scholl, M. Janssen, M.A. Wimmer, C.E. Moe, & L.S. Flak (Eds.), EGOV 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol 7443, pp. 40–53).
- Angelidou, M. (2015). Smart cities: A conjuncture of four forces. Cities, 47, 95–106. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.05.004
- Angelidou, M. (2017). The role of smart city characteristics in the plans of fifteen cities. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(4), 3–28. doi:10.1080/10630732.2017.1348880
- Bowen, C. C., & Bowen, W. M. (2008). Content analysis. In G. J. Miller & K. Yang (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in public administration (2nd ed., pp. 689–704). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
- Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. doi:10.3316/QRJ0902027
- Bryson, J. M. (2011). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Caragliu, A., & Del Bo, C. F. (2016). Do smart cities invest in smarter policies? Learning from the past, planning for the future. Social Science Computer Review, 34(6), 657–672. doi:10.1177/0894439315610843
- Castelnovo, W., Misuraca, G., & Savoldelli, A. (2016). Smart cities governance: The need for a holistic approach to assessing urban participatory policy making. Social Science Computer Review, 34(6), 724–739. doi:10.1177/0894439315611103
- Chen, G. (2015). China’s new normal and smart city strategy. China’s Informatization, 9, 12–14.
- Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., … Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding smart city initiatives: An integrative and comprehensive theoretical framework. In Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2289–2297), Hawaii, USA.
- City of Austin. (2017). Austin smart city strategy roadmap. Retrieved from http://www.austintexas.gov/department/smart-city
- City of Beijing. (2015). Smart city action plan. Retrieved from http://www.bjeit.gov.cn/ztzl/zhbjjs/zhdc/wj/wj_xdjh/115663.htm
- City of Chongqing. (2016). Policy guidelines for smart city development in Chongqing. Retrieved from http://www.cq.gov.cn/publicinfo/web/views/Show!detail.action?sid=4110349
- City of Columbus. (2016). Columbus smart city application. Retrieved from https://www.eenews.net/assets/2016/03/31/document_pm_02.pdf
- City of Guangzhou. (2012). The implementation plan for smart city construction in Guangzhou. Retrieved from http://www.gz.gov.cn/gzgov/s2884/201210/2662806.shtml
- City of New York. (2015). Building a smart and equitable city. Retrieved from http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/forward/documents/NYC-Smart-Equitable-City-Final.pdf
- City of San Jose. (2016). Smart city vision: Making San José America’s most innovative city by 2020. Retrieved from http://www.sanjoseca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/55021
- City of Shanghai. (2016). Smart city plan in Shanghai: Outline of the 13th Five-year plan. Retrieved from www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw2319/…/u26aw50147.html
- City of Zhengzhou. (2013). The policy guidelines for smart city development in Zhengzhou. Retrieved from http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0218/17/14977073_353580355.shtml
- Coward, J. (2016). How Donald Trump’s presidency will affect smart city progress in the US. Retrieved from http://www.ioti.com/smart-cities/how-donald-trumps-presidency-will-affect-smart-city-progress-us.
- Currid-Halkett, E., & Stolarick, K. (2011). The great divide: Economic development theory versus practice–A survey of the current landscape. Economic Development Quarterly, 25(2), 143–157. doi:10.1177/0891242410394358
- Dameri, R. P., & Benevolo, C. (2016). Governing smart cities: An empirical analysis. Social Science Computer Review, 34(6), 693–707. doi:10.1177/0894439315611093
- Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanović, N., & Meijers, E. (2007). Smart cities: Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Centre of Regional Science (SRF), Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.smartcities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf
- Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A., & Nam, T. (2016). A comprehensive view of the 21st century city: Smartness as technologies and innovation in urban contexts. In Smarter as the new urban agenda (pp. 1–19). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
- Gil-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, J., & Puron-Cid, G. (2016). Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multi-dimensional view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 524–534. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.002
- Hill, C., & Lynn, Jr, L. E. (2009). Public management: A three dimensional approach. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
- Ho, A. (2017). Big data and evidence-driven decision-making: Analyzing the practices of large and mid-sized US cities. In Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2794–2803), Hawaii, USA.
- IBM. (n.d.). What is cloud computing? Retrieved from https://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/learn-more/what-is-cloud-computing/
- Kankanhalli, A., Charalabidis, Y., & Mellouli, S. (2019). IoT and AI for smart government: A research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 36(2), 304–309.
- Kapucu, N. (2006). Interagency communication networks during emergencies: Boundary spanners in multi-agency coordination. The American Review of Public Administration, 36(2), 207–225. doi:10.1177/0275074005280605
- Lea, R. (2017). Smart cities: An overview of the technology trends driving smart cities. Retrieved from https://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/periodicals/ieee-smart-cities-trend-paper-2017.pdf
- Lee, J. H., Hancock, M. G., & Hu, M. C. (2014). Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 80–99. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.033
- Lu, X., Chen, J., & Yuan, W. (2014). Reflections to top-level design of smart city. E-Government, 11(1), 15–22.
- Ma, L. (2015). How to innovate public governance through big data technology? A case study to smart nation Singapore. E-Government, 12(5), 2–9.
- Meijer, A., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Governing the smart city: A review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(2), 392–408. doi:10.1177/0020852314564308
- Meijer, A., Gil-Garcia, J. R., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Smart city research: Contextual conditions, governance models, and public value assessment. Social Science Computer Review, 34(6), 647–656. doi:10.1177/0894439315618890
- Meijer, A., & Thasens, M. (2016). Urban technological innovation: Developing and testing a sociotechnical framework for studying smart city projects. Urban Affairs Review, 1–15. doi:10.1177/1078087416670274
- Mora, L., Bolici, R., & Deakin, M. (2017). The first two decades of smart-city research: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(1), 3–27. doi:10.1080/10630732.2017.1285123
- Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital government innovation in challenging times (pp. 282–291), Park, MD, USA.
- Negre, E., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C., & Gasco, M. (2017). Smart cities, smart government, and smart governance minitrack. In Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2792–2793), Hawaii, USA.
- Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in smart city initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 38(1), 25–36. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010
- Ng, A. S., Lwin, M. O., & Pang, A. (2017). Toward a theoretical framework for studying climate change policies: Insights from the case of Singapore. Sustainability, 9(1167). doi:10.3390/su9071167
- Ojo, A., Curry, E., & Janowski, T. (2014, June 9–11). Designing next generation smart city initiatives: Harnessing findings and lessons from a study of ten smart city programs. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) 2014, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Pierce, P., & Andersson, B. (2017). Challenges with smart cities initiatives–A municipal decision makers’ perspective. In proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2792–2793). Hawaii, USA.
- Ruhlandt, R. W. S. (2018). The governance of smart cities: A systematic literature review. Cities, 81, 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2018.02.014
- Smart City Council. (2017). Smart cities council announces winners of smart cities readiness challenge grants. Retrieved from https://smartcitiescouncil.com/article/smart-cities-council-announces-winners-smart-cities-readiness-challenge-grants
- Stoker, G. (1998). Governance as theory: Five propositions. International Social Science Journal, 50(155), 17–28. doi:10.1111/issj.1998.50.issue-155
- Tang, T., & Ho, A. T. (2019). A path-dependence perspective on the adoption of internet of things: Evidence from early adopters of smart and connected sensors in the United States. Government Information Quarterly, 36, 321–332. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.010
- The U.S. Department of Transportation. (2017). Smart city challenge: Lessons for building cities of the future. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/Smart%20City%20Challenge%20Lessons%20Learned.pdf
- The White House. (2015). Fact sheet: Administration announces new “Smart Cities” initiative to help communities tackle local challenges and improve city services. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/14/fact-sheet-administration-announces-new-smart-cities-initiative-help
- Wang, S., & Zheng, L. (2013). A comparison to smart city evaluation measurement systems of China and foreign countries. E-Government, 10(1), 92–100.
- Washburn, D., Sindhu, U., Balaouras, S., Dines, R. A., Hayes, N. M., & Nelson, L. E. (2010). Helping CIOs understand “Smart City” initiatives: Defining the smart city, its drivers, and the role of the CIO. Cambridge, MA: Forrester Research, Inc. Retrieved from https://www-935.ibm.com/services/c-suite/att/doc/forrester_help_cios_smart_city.pdf
- Wu, J. (2011). Cloud computing and smart city construction. E-Government, 8(7), 23–27.
- Wu, J., Zheng, Y., & Xu, M. (2015). Innovation-driven economic development: A multi-case study of four U.S. cities. Science of Science & Management of S & T, 36(9), 21–30.
- Xinhuanet. (2016). There will be more than 500 smart cities in China in 2017. Retrieved from http://news.xinhuanet.com/info/2016-12/02/c_135874674.html
- Yuan, W., & Zheng, L. (2012). A comparative study to smart city strategic plans in China. E-Government, 9(4), 54–63.
- Zhang, S., Wang, F., & Wang, L. (2013). Features and trends of smart city development. E-Government, 10(4), 2–9.