References
- Abadie, A. (2005). Semiparametric difference-in-differences estimators. The Review of Economic Studies, 72(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00321
- Beck, T., Levine, R., & Levkov, A. (2010). Big bad banks? The winners and losers from bank deregulation in the United States. The Journal of Finance, 65(5), 1637–1667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01589.x
- Bockerman, P., & Ilmakunnas, P. (2009). Unemployment and self-assessed health: Evidence from panel data. Health Economics, 18(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1361
- Caragliu, A., & Bo, C. (2019). Smart innovative cities: The impact of smart city policies on urban innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142(May), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.022
- Chi, W., & Qian, X. (2010). The role of education in regional innovation activities: Spatial evidence from China. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 15(4), 396–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2010.516158
- Doh, S., & Kim, B. (2014). Government support for SME innovations in the regional industries: The case of government financial support program in South Korea. Research Policy, 43(9), 1557–1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.05.001
- EUROSTAT. (2016). Eurostat indicators on high-tech industry and knowledge – intensive services. Annex 6 – high-tech aggregation by patents. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/Annexes/htec_esms_an6.pdf
- EUROSTAT. (2017). Patent reference metadata in euro SDMX metadata structure (ESMS). http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/pat_esms.htm
- Fan, F., Dai, S., Zhang, K., & Ke, H. (2021). Innovation agglomeration and urban hierarchy: Evidence from Chinese cities. Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1937507
- Gan, C., Zheng, R., & Yu, D. (2011). An empirical study on the effects of industrial structure on economic growth and fluctuations in China. Economic Research Journal, 21(1), 85–100. (in Chinese). https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD2011&filename=JJYJ201105002&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=jXi17UDWTaaqRHWJh8aSKBVxDK77Pz%25mmd2FC3DruT4vnekx924eF43Uh1Eb4thCoKtNX
- Griliches, Z. (1990). Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 28(4), 287–343. https://doi.org/10.3386/W3301
- Guerzoni, M., & Raiteri, E. (2015). Demand-side vs. supply-side technology policies: Hidden treatment and new empirical evidence on the policy mix. Research Policy, 44(3), 726–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.10.009
- Guo, D., Guo, Y., & Jiang, K. (2016). Government-subsidized R&D and firm innovation: Evidence from China. Research Policy, 45(6), 1129–1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.03.002
- Hong, J., Feng, B., Wu, Y., & Wang, L. (2016). Do government grants promote innovation efficiency in China’s high-tech industries? Technovation, 57-58, 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2016.06.001
- Hottenrott, H., Lopes-Bento, C., & Veugelers, R. (2017). Direct and cross scheme effects in a research and development. Research Policy, 46(6), 1118–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.04.004
- Hussinger, K. (2008). R&D and subsidies at the firm level: An application of parametric and semi-parametric two-step selection models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(6), 729–747. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.1016
- Kleer, R. (2010). Government R&D subsidies as a signal for private investors. Research Policy, 39(10), 1361–1374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.08.001
- Kou, Z., & Liu, X. (2017). FIND report on city and industrial innovation in China (2017). Fudan Institute of Industrial Development, School of Economics, Fudan University.
- Li, G., Sun, H., Zhou, Y., & Li, S. (2020). Scientific and innovation and urban green development efficiency under fiscal decentralization. Journal of Statistics and Information, 35(9), 83–93. (in Chinese). https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2020&filename=TJLT202009010&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=yEEgWW6fIjNoLu9UKndwVwCVMIjkkNSitJjlXX2Y9Y75dgm%25mmd2BXMjIVcPa5TExeIvV
- Lin, Z. J., Liu, S., & Sun, F. (2017). The impact of financing constraints and agency costs on corporate R&D investment: Evidence from China. International Review of Finance, 17(1), 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.12108
- Liu, Z., Jiang, Z., Zhang, W., Xue, J., Lei, P., Liu, F., & Yang, L. (2010). Research report on building an innovative city in Dalian (in Chinese). [Government Research Reports]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspxdbname=SNAD&filename=SNAD000001293443
- Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
- Meijer, A., & Thaens, M. (2018). Urban technological innovation: Developing and testing a sociotechnical framework for studying smart city projects. Urban Affairs Review, 54(2), 363–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087416670274
- Moretti, E. (2004). Workers’ education, spillovers, and productivity: Evidence from plant-level production functions. The American Economic Review, 94(3), 656–690. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041464623
- Nie, Y., Cheng, D., & Liu, K. (2020). The effectiveness of environmental authoritarianism: Evidence from China’s administrative inquiry for environmental protection. Energy Economics, 88(May), 104777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104777
- Shi, D., Ding, H., Wei, P., & Liu, J. (2018). Can smart city construction reduce environmental pollution? China Industrial Economics, 363(6), 117–135. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.19581/j.cnki.ciejournal.2018.06.008
- Tether, B. (2002). Who co-operates for innovation, and why: An empirical analysis. Research Policy, 31(6), 947–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00172-X
- Xu, C., & Zhang, H. (2015). Research on the improvement of the independent innovation ability of state-owned enterprises. Research on Financial and Economic Issues, 377(4), 110–116. (in Chinese). h ttps://d oi.o rg/CNKI:SUN:CJWT.0.2015-04-016
- Xu, D. (2008). A theoretical explanation and verification of the determination and measurement of the industrial structure upgrade form. Public Finance Research, (1), 46–49. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.19477/j.cnki.11-1077/f.2008.01.015
- Yang, D. (2006). A theoretical and empirical study of innovative cities [Doctoral dissertation]. Tianjin University. (in Chinese). https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CDFD9908&filename=2007041710.nh