Recent Updates on Salinity Stress in Rice: From Physiological to Molecular Responses

REFERENCES

• Agrama , H. A. , Eizenga , G. C. and Yan , W. 2007 . Association mapping of yield andRits components in rice cultivars . Mol. Breed. , 19 : 341 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal , G. K. , Rakwal , R. and Iwahashi , H. 2002 . Isolation of novel rice (Oryza sativa L.) multiple stress responsive MAP kinase gene, OsMSRMK2, whose mRNA accumulates rapidly in response to environmental cues . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 294 : 1009 – 1016 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadi , N. , Courtois , B. , Shen , L. and Ghesquière , A. 2002 . “ Efficiency of marker-aided selection for QTLs in rice ” . In Rice genetic resources and breeding for Europe and other temperate areas , Krasnodar, , Russia : Eurorice Symposium .
   Google Scholar
• Akbar , M. , Yabuno , T. and Nakao , S. 1972 . Breeding for saline-resistant varieties of rice. I. Variability for salt tolerance among some rice varieties . Japan J. Breed. , 22 : 277 – 284 .
   Google Scholar
• Albacete , A. , Martínez-Andújar , C. , Ghanem , M. E. , Acosta , M. , Sánchez-Bravo , J. , Asins , M. J. , Cuartero , J. , Lutts , S. , Dodd , I. C. and Pérez-Alfocea , F. 2009 . Rootstock-mediated changes in xylem ionic and hormonal status are correlated with delayed leaf senescence, and increased leaf area and crop productivity in salinized tomato . Plant Cell Environ. , 32 : 928 – 938 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsheikh , M. K. , Svensson , J. T. and Randall , S. K. 2005 . Phosphorylation regulated ion-binding is a property shared by the acidic subclass dehydrins . Plant Cell Environ. , 28 : 1114 – 1122 .
   Google Scholar
• Ammar , M. H. , Singh , R. K. , Singh , A. K. , Mohapatra , T. , Sharma , T. R. and Singh , N. K. 2007 . Mapping QTLs for salinity tolerance at seedling stage in rice . African Crop Sci. Conf. Proceed. , 8 : 617 – 620 .
   Google Scholar
• Amtmann , A. and Sanders , D. 1999 . Mechanisms of Na+ uptake by plant cells . Adv. Bot. Res. , 29 : 75 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen , P. S. , Jansen , P. J.G. and Hammer , K. 1994 . Two different dihydroorotate dehydrogenases in Lactococcus lactis . J. Bacter. , 176 : 3975 – 3982 .
   Google Scholar
• Apse , M. P. , Aharon , G. S. , Snedden , W. A. and Blumwald , E. 1999 . Salt tolerance conferred by overexpression of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport in Arabidopsis . Science , 285 : 1256 – 1258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apse , M. P , Sottosanto , J. B. and Blumwald , E. 2003 . Vacuolar cation/H+exchange, ion homeostasis, and leaf development are altered in a T-DNA insertional mutant of AtNHX1, the Arabidopsis vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter . Plant J. , 36 : 229 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asano , T. , Tanaka , N. , Yang , G. , Hayashi , N. and Komatsu , S. 2005 . Genome-wide identification of the rice calcium-dependent protein kinase and its closely related kinase gene families: comprehensive analysis of the CDPKs gene family in rice . Plant Cell Physiol. , 46 : 356 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashcroft , F. , Gadsby , D. and Miller , C. 2009 . Introduction. The blurred boundary between channels and transporters . Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B-Biol. Sci. , 364 : 145 – 147 .
   Google Scholar
• Awala , S. M. , Nanhapo , P. I. , Sakagami , J. I. , Kanyomeka , L. and Iijima , M. 2010 . Differential salinity tolerance among Oryza glaberrima, Oryza sativa and their interspecies including NERICA . Plant Prod. Sci. , 13 : 3 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battaglia , M. , Olvera-Carrillo , Y. , Garciarrubio , A. , Campos , F. and Covarrubias , A. A. 2008 . The enigmatic LEA proteins and other hydrophilins . Plant Physiol. , 148 : 6 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardo , R. and Yu , J. M. 2007 . Prospects for genomewide selection for quantitative traits in maize . Crop Sci. , 47 : 1082 – 1090 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthomieu , P. , Conéjéro , G. , Nublat , A. , Brackenbury , W. , Lambert , C. , Savio , C. , Uozumi , N. , Oiki , S. , Yamada , K. , Cellier , F. , Gosti , F. , Simonneau , T. , Essah , P. , Tester , M. , Very , A. A. and Hand-Casse , F. S. 2003 . Functional analysis of AtHKT1 in Arabidopsis shows that Na+ recirculation by the phloem is crucial for salt tolerance . EMBO J. , 22 : 2004 – 2014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bies-Etheve , N. , Gaubier-Comella , P. , Debures , A. , Lasserre , E. , Jobet , E. , Raynal , M. , Cooke , R. and Delseny , M. 2008 . Inventory, evolution and expression profiling diversity of the LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) protein gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana . Plant Mol. Biol , 67 : 107 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumwald , E. 1987 . Tonoplast vesicles for the study of ion transport in plant vacuoles . Physiol Plant , 69: : 731 – 734 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumwald , E. , Aharon , G. S. and Apse , M. P. 2000 . Sodium transport in plant cells . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 1465 : 140 – 151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumwald , E. and Poole , R. J. 1985 . Na/H Antiport in isolated tonoplast vesicles from storage tissue of Beta vulgaris . Plant Physiol. , 78 : 163 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohnert , H. J. , Nelson , D. E. and Jensen , R. G. 1995 . Adaptations to environmental stresses . Plant Cell , 7 : 1099 – 1111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonilla , P. , Dvorak , J. , Mackill , D. , Deal , K. and Gregorio , G. 2002 . RFLP and SSLP mapping of salinity tolerance genes in chromosome 1 of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using recombinant inbred lines . Philip. Agric. Scientist , 85 : 68 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonburapong , B. and Buaboocha , T. 2007 . Genome-wide identification and analyses of the rice calmodulin and related potential calcium sensor proteins . BMC Plant Biol. , 7 : 4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouche , N. , Yellin , A. , Snedden , W. A. and Fromm , H. 2005 . Plant-specific calmodulin-binding proteins . Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. , 56 : 435 – 466 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branco , A. T. , Bernabe , R. B , Ferreira , B. D. , de Oliveira , M. V.V. , Garcia , A. B. and de Souza , G. A. 2004 . Expression and purification of the recombinant SALT lectin from rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Prot. Exp. Purific. , 33 : 34 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Budhiraja , R. , Hermkes , R. , Muller , S. , Schmidt , J. , Colby , T. , Panigrahi , K. , Coupland , G. and Bachmair , A. 2009 . Substrates related to chromatin and to RNA-dependent processes are modified by Arabidopsis SUMO isoforms that differ in a conserved residue with influence on desumoylation . Plant Physiol. , 149 : 1529 – 1540 .
   Google Scholar
• Cagnac , O. , Leterrier , M. , Yeager , M. and Blumwald , E. 2007 . Identification and characterization of vnx1p, a novel type of vacuolar monovalent Cation/H+ antiporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . J. Biol.Chem , 282 : 24284 – 24293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao , Y. F. , Song , F. M. , Goodman , R. M. and Zheng , Z. 2006a . Molecular characterization of four rice genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcriptional factors and their expressions in response to biotic and abiotic stress . J. Plant Physiol. , 163 : 1167 – 1178 .
   Google Scholar
• Cao , Y. F. , Wu , Y. F. , Zheng , Z. and Song , F. M. 2006b . Overexpression of the rice EREBP-like gene OsBIERF3 enhances disease resistance and salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco . Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. , 67 : 202 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Catala , R. , Ouyang , J. , Abreu , I. A. , Hu , Y. , Seo , H. , Zhang , X. and Chua , N. H. 2007 . The Arabidopsis E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1 regulates plant growth and drought responses . Plant Cell , 19 : 2952 – 2966 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CGIAR- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research . 2010 . “ A global rice science partnership (GRiSP) ” . In Proposal for a Mega Program , 70 IRRI : Africa Rice and CIAT .
   Google Scholar
• Chaikam , V. and Karlson , D. T. 2010 . Response and transcriptional regulation of rice SUMOylation system during development and stress conditions . BMB Rep , 43 : 103 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Chao , D. Y. , Luo , Y. H. , Shi , M. , Luo , D. and Lin , H. X. 2005 . Salt-responsive genes in rice revealed by cDNA microarray analysis . Cell Res , 15 : 796 – 810 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan , S. , Forsthoefel , N. , Ran , Y. , Quigley , F. , Nelson , D. E. and Bohnert , H. J. 2000 . Na+/myo-inositol symporters and Na+/H+-antiport in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum . Plant J. , 24 : 511 – 522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaves , M. , Flexas , V. and Pinheiro , C. 2009 . Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell . Annals Bot , 103 : 551 – 560 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chazen , O. , Hartung , W. and Neumann , P. M. 1995 . The different effects of PEG 6000 and NaCl on leaf development are associated with differential inhibition of root water transport . Plant Cell Environ. , 18 : 727 – 735 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , F. , Li , Q. , Sun , L. and He , Z. 2006 . The rice 14-3-3 gene family and its involvement in responses to biotic and abiotic stress . DNA Res. , 13 : 53 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , L. T. , Luo , M. , Wang , Y. Y. and Wu , K. 2010 . Involvement of Arabidopsis histone deacetylase HDA6 in ABA and salt stress response . J. Exp. Bot. , 61 : 3345 – 3353 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , Z. and Gallie , D. R. 2004 . The ascorbic acid redox state controls guard cell signaling and stomata movement . Plant Cell , 16 : 1143 – 1162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinnusamy , V. , Jagendorf , A. and Zhu , J. K. 2005 . Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants . Crop Sci. , 45 : 437 – 448 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinnusamy , V. , Schumaker , K. and Zhu , J. K. 2004 . Molecular genetic perspectives on cross-talk and specificity in abiotic stress signaling in plants . J. Exp. Bot. , 55 : 225 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chitteti , B. R. and Peng , Z. 2007 . Proteome and phosphoproteome differential expression under salinity stress in rice (Oryza sativa) roots . J. Proteome Res. , 6 : 1718 – 1727 .
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury , M. A.M. , Moseki , B. and Bowling , D. J.F. 1995 . A method for screening rice plants for salt tolerance . Plant Soil , 171 : 317 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Claes , B. , Dekeyser , R. , Villarroel , R. , Vandenbulcke , M. , Bauw , G. , Vanmontagu , M. and Caplan , A. 1990 . Characterization of a rice gene showing organ-specific expression in response to salt stress and drought . Plant Cell , 2 : 19 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conti , L. , Price , G. , O’Donnell , E. , Schwessinger , B. , Dominy , P. and Sadanandom , A. 2008 . Small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases OVERLY TOLERANT TO SALT1 and -2 regulate salt stress responses in Arabidopsis . Plant Cell , 20 : 2894 – 2908 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coudert , Y. , Perin , C. , Courtois , B. , Khong , N. G. and Gantet , P. 2010 . Genetic control of root development in rice, the model cereal . Trends Plant Sci. , 15 : 219 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtois , B. , Ahmadi , N. , Khowaja , F. S. , Price , A. H. , Rami , J-F. , Frouin , J. , Hamelin , C. and Ruiz , M. 2009 . Rice root genetic architecture: Meta-analysis from a drought QTL database . Rice , 2 : 115 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covarrubias , A. A. and Reyes , J. L. 2010 . Post-transcriptional gene regulation of salinity and drought responses by plant microRNAs . Plant Cell Environ. , 33 : 481 – 489 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer , G. R. and Bowman , D. C. 1991 . Kinetics of maize leaf elongation I. Increased yield threshold limits short-term, steady-state elongation rates after exposure to salinity . J. Exp. Bot. , 42 : 1417 – 1426 .
   Google Scholar
• Dai , X. , Xu , Y. , Ma , Q. , Xu , W. , Wang , T. , Xue , Y. and Chong , K. 2007 . Overexpression of an R1R2R3 MYB gene, OsMYB3R-2, increases tolerance to freezing, drought, and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis . Plant Physiol. , 143 : 1739 – 1751 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darley , C. P. , van Wuytswinkel , O. C.M. , van der Woude , K. , Mager , W. H. and de Boer , A. H. 2000 . Arabidopsis thaliana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NHX1 genes encode amiloride sensitive electroneutral Na+/H+ exchangers . Biochem. J. , 351 : 241 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Davenport , R. J , Munoz-Mayor , A. , Jha , D. , Essah , P. A. , Rus , A. and Tester , M. 2007 . The Na+ transporter AtHKT1;1 controls retrieval of Na+ from the xylem in Arabidopsis . Plant Cell Environ. , 30 : 497 – 507 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Souza , G. A. , Ferreira , B. S. , Dias , J. M. , Queiroz , K. S. , Branco , A. T. , Bressan-Smith , R. E. , Oliveira , J. G. and Garcia , A. B. 2003 . Accumulation of SALT protein in rice plants as a response to environmental stresses . Plant Sci , 164 : 623 – 628 .
   Google Scholar
• DeFalco , T. A. , Bender , K. W. and Snedden , W. A. 2010 . Breaking the code: Ca2+ sensors in plant signalling . Biochem. J. , 425 : 27 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delseny , M. , Han , B. and Hsing , Y. I. 2010 . High throughput DNA sequencing: The new sequencing revolution . Plant Sci. , 179 : 407 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demiral , T. and Türkan , I. 2006 . Exogenous glycinebetaine affects growth and proline accumulation and retards senescence in two rice cultivars under NaCl stress . Environ. Exp. Bot. , 56 : 72 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demiral , T. and Türkan , I. 2004 . Does exogenous glycinebetaine affect antioxidative system of rice seedlings under NaCl treatment? . J. Plant Physiol. , 161 : 1089 – 1100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demiral , T. and Türkan , . 2005 . Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance . Environ. Exp. Bot. , 56 : 72 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Diedhiou , C. J. , Popova , O. V. , Dietz , K. J. and Golldack , D. 2008 . The SNF1-type serine-threonine protein kinase SAPK4 regulates stress-responsive gene expression in rice . BMC Plant Biol. , 8: : 49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , X. P. , Hou , X. , Xie , K. B. and Xiong , L. Z. 2009 . Genome-wide identification of BURP domain-containing genes in rice reveals a gene family with diverse structures and responses to abiotic stresses . Planta , 230 : 149 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinneny , J. R. , Long , T. A. , Wang , J. Y. , Jung , J. W. , Mace , D. , Pointer , S. , Barron , C. , Brady , S. M. , Schiefelbein , J. and Benfey , P. N. 2008 . Cell identity mediates the response of Arabidopsis roots to abiotic stress . Science , 320 : 942 – 945 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionisio-Sese , M. L. and Tobita , S. 1998 . Antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to salinity stress . Plant Sci. , 135 : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionisio-Sese , M. L. and Tobita , S. 2000 . Effects of salinity on sodium content and photosynthetic responses of rice seedlings differing in salt tolerance . J. Plant Physiol. , 157 : 54 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubouzet , J. G. , Sakuma , Y. , Ito , Y. , Kasuga , M. , Dubouzet , E. G. , Miura , S. , Seki , M. , Shinozaki , K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki , K. 2003 . OsDREB genes in rice, Oryza sativa L., encode transcription activators that function in drought-, high-salt- and cold-responsive gene expression . Plant J. , 33 : 751 – 763 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dure , L. , Crouch , M. , Harada , J. , Ho , T. H.D. , Mundy , J. , Quatrano , R. , Thomas , T. and Sung , Z. R. 1989 . Common Amino-Acid Sequence Domains among the Lea Proteins of Higher-Plants . Plant Mol. Biol. , 12 : 475 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , Y. , Xie , K. , Hou , X. , Hu , H. and Xiong , L. 2010 . Systematic analysis of GT factor family of rice reveals a novel subfamily involved in stress responses . Mol. Genet. Genomics , 283 : 157 – 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , Y. , You , J. , Xie , K. , Xie , W. and Xiong , L. 2008 . Systematic sequence analysis and identification of tissue-specific or stress-responsive genes of NAC transcription factor family in rice . Mol. Genet. Genomics , 280 : 547 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers , T. J. 2004 . Improving crop salt tolerance . J. Exp. Bot. , 55 : 307 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers , T. J. and Colmer , T. D. 2008 . Salinity tolerance in halophytes . New Phytol. , 197 : 945 – 963 .
   Google Scholar
• Flowers , T. J. , Duque , E. , Hajibagheri , M. A. , McGonigle , T. P. and Yeo , A. R. 1985 . The effect of salinity on leaf ultrastructure and net photosynthesis of 2 varieties of rice - further evidence for a cellular-component of salt-resistance . New Phytol. , 100 : 37 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers , T. J. , Flowers , S. A. , Hajibagheri , M. A. and Yeo , A. R. 1990 . Salt tolerance in the halophytic wild rice, Porteresia coarctata Tateoka . New Phytol , 114 : 675 – 684 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers , T. J. , Galal , H. K. and Bromham , L. 2010 . Evolution of halophytes: multiple origins of salt tolerance in land plants . Funct. Plant Biol , 37 : 604 – 612 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers , T. J. , Koyama , M. L. , Flowers , S. A. , Sudhakar , C. , Singh , K. P. and Yeo , A. R. 2000 . QTL: their place in engineering tolerance of rice to salinity . J. Exp. Bot. , 51 : 99 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers , T. J. and Yeo , A. R. 1995 . Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants: Where next? . Aust. J. Plant Physiol , 22 : 875 – 884 .
   Google Scholar
• Frandsen , G. , MullerUri , F. , Nielsen , M. , Mundy , J. and Skriver , K. 1996 . Novel plant Ca2+-binding protein expressed in response to abscisic acid and osmotic stress . J. Biol. Chem , 271 : 343 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frensch , J. and Hsiao , T. C. 1994 . Transient responses of cell turgor and growth of maize roots as affected by changes in water potential . Plant Physiol. , 104 : 247 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu , W. , Wu , K. and Duan , J. 2007 . Sequence and expression analysis of histone deacetylases in rice . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 356 : 843 – 850 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs , I. , Stolzle , S. , Ivashikina , N. and Hedrich , R. 2005 . Rice K+ uptake channel OsAKT1 is sensitive to salt stress . Planta , 221 : 212 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda , A. , Nakamura , A. , Hara , N. , Toki , S. and Tanaka , Y. 2010 . Molecular and functional analyses of rice NHX-type Na+/H+ antiporter genes . Planta , DOI 10.1007/s00425-010-1289-4 (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda , A. , Nakamura , A. , Tagiri , A. , Tanaka , H. , Miyao , A. , Hirochika , H. and Tanaka , Y. 2004 . Function, intracellular localization and the importance in salt tolerance of a vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) antiporter from rice . Plant Cell Physiol. , 45 : 146 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda , A. , Nakamura , A. and Tanaka , Y. 1999 . Molecular cloning and expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene in Oryza sativa . Bioch. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Exp. , 1446 : 149 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukushima , E. , Arata , Y. , Endo , T. , Sonnewald , U. and Sato , F. 2001 . Improved salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco expressing apoplastic yeast-derived invertase . Plant Cell Physiol. , 42 : 245 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao , J. P. , Chao , D. Y. and Lin , H. X. 2007 . Understanding abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms: Recent studies on stress response in rice . J. Integ. Plant Biol. , 49 : 742 – 750 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao , J. P. , Chao , D. Y. and Lin , H. X. 2008 . Toward understanding molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress responses in rice . Rice , 1 : 36 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbarino , J. and Dupont , F. M. 1988 . NaCl Induces a Na/H Antiport in Tonoplast Vesicles from Barley Roots . Plant Physiol. , 86 : 231 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia , A. B. , Engler , J. D. , Claes , B. , Villarroel , R. , Van Montagu , M. , Gerats , T. and Caplan , A. 1998 . The expression of the salt-responsive gene salT from rice is regulated by hormonal and developmental cues . Planta , 207 : 172 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia , A. B. , Engler , J. D. , Iyer , S. , Gerats , T. , VanMontagu , M. and Caplan , A. B. 1997 . Effects of osmoprotectants upon NaCl stress in rice . Plant Physiol , 115 : 159 – 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garciadeblas , B. , Senn , M. E. , Banuelos , M. A. and Rodriguez-Navarro , A. 2003 . Sodium transport and HKT transporters: the rice model . Plant J , 34 : 788 – 801 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg , A. , Kim , J. , Owens , T. , Ranwala , A. , Choi , Y. , Kochian , L. and Wu , R. 2002 . Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses . PNAS , 99 : 15898 – 15903 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garris , A. J. , Tai , T. H. , Coburn , J. , Kresovich , S. and McCouch , S. 2005 . Genetic structure and diversity in Oryza sativa L . Genetics , 169 : 1631 – 1638 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaxiola , R. A. , Rao , R. , Sherman , A. , Grisafi , P. , Alper , S. L. and Fink , G. R. 1999 . The Arabidopsis thaliana proton transporters, AtNhx1 and Avp1, can function in cation detoxification in yeast . PNAS , 96 : 1480 – 1485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gay , F. , Maraval , B. , Roques , S. , Gunata , Z. , Boulanger , R. , Audeber , A. and Mestres , C. 2009 . Effect of salinity on yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in the grains of three fragrant rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in Camargue (France). . Field Crops Res. , 117 : 154 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Glaszmann , J. C. 1987 . Isozymes and classification of Asian rice varieties . Theor. App. Gen. , 74 : 21 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenn , E. , Brown , J. J. and Blumwald , E. 1999 . Salt-tolerant mechanism and crop potential of halophytes . Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. , 18 : 227 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golldack , D. , Quigley , F. , Michalowski , C. B. , Kamasani , U. R. and Bohnert , H. J. 2003 . Salinity stress-tolerant and -sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) regulate AKT1-type potassium channel transcripts differently . Plant Mol. Biol. , 51 : 71 – 81 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gong , D. , Guo , Y. , Schumaker , K. S. and Zhu , J. K. 2004 . The SOS3 family of calcium sensors and SOS2 family of protein kinases in Arabidopsis. . Plant Physiol. , 134 : 919 – 926 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodijn , O. J. M. and van-Dun , K. 1999 . Trehalose metabolism in plants . Trends Plant Sci , 4 : 315 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Grattan , R. , Zeng , L. , Shannon , M. and Roberts , S. 2002 . Rice is more sensitive to salinity than previously thought . Calif. Agric. , 56 : 189 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Gregorio , G. B. , Senadhira , D. and Mendoza , R. D. 1997 . Screening rice for salinity tolerance . IRRI Disc. Paper Series , 22 : 1 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Gregorio , G. B. , Senadhira , D. , Mendoza , R. D. , Manigbas , N. L. , Roxas , J. P. and Guerta , C. Q. 2002 . Progress in breeding for salinity tolerance and associated abiotic stresses in rice . Field Crops Res. , 76 : 91 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu , Z. , Ma , B. , Jiang , Y. , Chen , Z. , Su , X. and Zhang , H. 2008 . Expression analysis of the calcineurin B-like gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under environmental stresses . Gene , 415 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haliwell , B. 1986 . Oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: some problems and concepts . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 246 : 501 – 514 .
   Google Scholar
• Hamada , A. , Shono , M. , Xia , T. , Ohta , M. , Hayashi , Y. , Tanaka , A. and Hayakawa , T. 2001 . Isolation and characterization of a Na+/H+ antiporter gene from the halophyte Atriplex gmelini . Plant Mol. Biol. , 46 : 35 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haq , T. U. , Gorham , J. , Akhtar , J. , Akhtar , N. and Steele , K. A. 2010 . Dynamic quantitative trait loci for salt stress components on chromosome 1 of rice . Funct. Plant Biol , 37 : 634 – 645 .
   Google Scholar
• Hara , M. , Fujinaga , M. and Kuboi , T. 2004 . Radical scavenging activity and oxidative modification of citrus dehydrin . Plant Physiol. Biochem , 42 : 657 – 662 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasegawa , P. M. , Bressan , R. A. and Pardo , J. M. 2000 . The putative plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 controls long-distance Na+ transport in plants . Trends Plant Sci. , 5 : 317 – 319 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hashimoto , M. , Kisseleva , L. , Sawa , S. , Furukawa , T. , Komatsu , S. and Koshiba , T. 2004 . A novel rice PR10 protein, RSOsPR10, specifically induced in roots by biotic and abiotic stresses, possibly via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway . Plant Cell Physiol. , 45 : 550 – 559 .
   Google Scholar
• Hattori , J. , Boutilier , K. A. , van Lookeren Campagne , M. M. and Miki , B. L. 1998 . A conserved BURP domain defines a novel group of plant proteins with unusual primary structures . Mol. Gen. Genet. , 259 : 424 – 428 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heffner , E. L. , Sorrells , M. E. and Jannink , J. L. 2009 . Genomic selection for crop improvement . Crop Sci. , 49 : 1 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horie , T. , Costa , A. , Kim , T. H. , Han , M. J. , Horie , R. , Leung , H. Y. , Miyao , A. , Hirochika , H. , An , G. and Schroeder , J. I. 2007 . Rice OsHKT2;1 transporter mediates large Na+ influx component into K+-starved roots for growth . Embo J. , 26 : 3003 – 3014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horie , T. , Hauser , F. and Schroeder , J. I. 2009 . HKT transporter-mediated salinity resistance mechanisms in Arabidopsis and monocot crop plants . Trends Plant Sci , 14 : 660 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horie , T. , Horie , R. , Chan , W. Y. , Leung , H. Y. and Schroeder , J. I. 2006 . Calcium regulation of sodium hypersensitivities of sos3 and athkt1 mutants . Plant Cell Physiol. , 47 : 622 – 633 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horie , T. , Yoshida , K. , Nakayama , H. , Yamada , K. , Oiki , S. and Shinmyo , A. 2001 . Two types of HKT transporters with different properties of Na+ and K+ transport in Oryza sativa . Plant J. , 27 : 129 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain , M. A. , Lee , Y. , Cho , J. I. , Ahn , C. H. , Lee , S. K. , Jeon , J. S. , Kang , H. , Lee , C. H. , An , G. and Park , P. B. 2010 . The bZIP transcription factor OsABF1 is an ABA responsive element binding factor that enhances abiotic stress signaling in rice . Plant Mol. Biol. , 72 : 557 – 566 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao , T. C. and Xu , L. K. 2000 . Sensitivity of growth of roots versus leaves to water stress: biophysical analysis and relation to water transport . J. Exp. Bot. , 51 : 1595 – 1616 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , Y. T. and Kao , C. H. 2003 . Cadmium toxicity is reduced by nitric oxide in rice leaves . Plant Growth Reg. , 42 : 227 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Hu , H. , Dai , M. , Yao , J. , Xiao , B. , Li , X. , Zhang , Q. and Xiong , L. 2006 . Overexpressing a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice . PNAS , 103 : 12987 – 12992 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , H. , You , J. , Fang , Y. , Zhu , X. , Qi , Z. and Xiong , L. 2008 . Characterization of transcription factor gene SNAC2 conferring cold and salt tolerance in rice . Plant Mol. Biol. , 67 : 169 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , T. Z. 2008 . OsLEA3, a late embryogenesis abundant protein gene from rice, confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress to transgenic rice . Russian J. Plant Physiol. , 55 : 530 – 537 .
   Google Scholar
• Huang , J. , Wang , M. M. , Jiang , Y. , Wang , Q. H. , Huang , X. and Zhang , H. S. 2008 . Stress repressive expression of rice SRZ1 and characterization of plant SRZ gene family . Plant Sci , 174 : 227 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Huang , J. , Yang , X. , Wang , M. M. , Tang , H. J. , Ding , L. Y. , Shen , Y. and Zhang , H. S. 2007 . A novel rice C2H2-type zinc finger protein lacking DLN-box/EAR-motif plays a role in salt tolerance . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 1769 : 220 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , X. , Wei , X. , Sang , T. , Zhao , Q. , Feng , Q. , Zhao , Y. , Li , C. , Zhu , C. , Lu , T. , Zhang , Z. , Li , M. , Fan , D. , Guo , Y. , Wang , A. , Wang , L. , Deng , L. , Li , W. , Lu , Y. , Weng , Q. , Liu , K. , Huang , T. , Zhou , T. , Jing , Y. , Li , W. , Lin , Z. , Buckler , E. S. , Qian , Q. , Zhang , Q. F. , Li , J. and Han , B. 2010 . Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces . Nat. Genet. , 42 : 961 – 967 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishitani , M. , Liu , J. , Halfter , U. , Kim , C. S. , Shi , W. and Zhu , J. K. 2000 . SOS3 function in plant salt tolerance requires N-myristoylation and calcium binding . Plant Cell , 12 : 1667 – 1678 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishitani , M. , Xiong , L. , Lee , H. , Stevenson , B. and Zhu , J. K. 1998 . HOS1, a genetic locus involved in cold-responsive gene expression in arabidopsis . Plant Cell , 10 : 1151 – 1161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail , A. M. , Heuer , S. , Thomson , M. J. and Wissuwa , M. 2007 . Genetic and genomic approaches to develop rice germplasm for problem soils . Plant Mol. Biol. , 65 : 547 – 570 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwata , H. , Uga , Y. , Yoshioka , Y. , Ebana , K. and Hayashi , T. 2007 . Bayesian association mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci and its application to the analysis of genetic variation among Oryza sativa L. germplasms . Theor. App. Gen , 114 : 1437 – 1449 .
   Google Scholar
• Jabnoune , M. , Espeout , S. , Mieulet , D. , Fizames , C. , Verdeil , J. L. , Conejero , G. , Rodriguez-Navarro , A. , Sentenac , H. , Guiderdoni , E. , Abdelly , C. and Very , A. A. 2009 . Diversity in expression patterns and functional properties in the rice HKT transporter family . Plant Physiol. , 150 : 1955 – 1971 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jena , K. K. and Mackill , D. J. 2008 . Molecular markers and their use in marker-assisted selection in rice . Crop Sci. , 48 : 1266 – 1276 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong , J. S. , Kim , Y. S. , Baek , K. H. , Jung , H. , Ha , S. H. , Do Choi , Y. , Kim , M. , Reuzeau , C. and Kim , J. K. 2010 . Root-specific expression of OsNAC10 improves drought tolerance and grain yield in rice under field drought conditions . Plant Physiol. , 153 : 185 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong , M.-J. , Lee , S.-K. , Kim , B.-G. , Kwon , T.-R. , Cho , W.-S. , Park , Y.-T. , Lee , J.-O. , Kwon , H.-B. , Byun , M.-O. and Park , S.-C. 2006 . A rice (Oryza sativa L.) MAP kinase gene, OsMAPK44, is involved in response to abiotic stresses . Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Cult. , 85 : 151 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Kacperska , A. 2004 . Sensor types in signal transduction pathways in plant cells responding to abiotic stressors: do they depend on stress intensity? . Physiol. Plantarum , 122 : 159 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , M. , Takasaki , H. and Komatsu , S. 2005 . Comprehensive phosphoproteome analysis in rice and identification of phosphoproteins responsive to different hormones/stresses . J. Proteome Res. , 4 : 1592 – 1599 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , M. S.A. , Hamid , A. and Karim , M. A. 1997 . Effect of sodium chloride on germination and seedling characters of different types of rice (Oryza sativa L.) . J. Agronomy Crop Sci. , 179 : 163 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khatun , S. and Flowers , T. J. 1995 . Effects of Salinity on Seed Set in Rice . Plant Cell Environ. , 18 : 61 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , B. G. , Waadt , R. , Cheong , Y. H. , Pandey , G. K. , Dominguez-Solis , J. R. , Schultke , S. , Lee , S. C. , Kudla , J. and Luan , S. 2007 . The calcium sensor CBL10 mediates salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis . Plant J , 52 : 473 – 484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , D. M. , Ju , H. G. , Kwon , T. R. , Oh , C. S. and Ahn , S. N. 2009 . Mapping QTLs for salt tolerance in an introgression line population between japonica cultivars in rice . J. Crop Sci. Biotech. , 12 : 121 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , K. N. , Lee , J. S. , Han , H. , Choi , S. A. , Go , S. J. and Yoon , I. S. 2003 . Isolation and characterization of a novel rice Ca2+-regulated protein kinase gene involved in responses to diverse signals including cold, light, cytokinins, sugars and salts . Plant Mol. Biol. , 52 : 1191 – 1202 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , S. G. , Lee , S. , Seo , P. J. , Kim , S. K. , Kim , J. K. and Park , C. M. 2010 . Genome-scale screening and molecular characterization of membrane-bound transcription factors in Arabidopsis and rice . Genomics , 95 : 56 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , S. T. , Kim , S. G. , Hwang , D. H. , Kang , S. Y. , Koo , S. C. , Cho , M. J. and Kang , K. Y. 2004 . Expression of a salt-induced protein (SALT) in suspension-cultured cells and leaves of rice following exposure to fungal elicitor and phytohormones . Plant Cell Rep. , 23 : 256 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Klimecka , M. and Muszynska , G. 2007 . Structure and functions of plant calcium-dependent protein kinases . Acta Biochim. Pol. , 54 : 219 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , Y. , Yamamoto , S. , Minami , H. , Kagaya , Y. and Hattori , T. 2004 . Differential activation of the rice sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase2 family by hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid . Plant Cell , 16 : 1163 – 1177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh , S. , Lee , S. C. , Kim , M. K. , Koh , J. H. , Lee , S. , An , G. , Choe , S. and Kim , S. R. 2007 . T-DNA tagged knockout mutation of rice OsGSK1, an orthologue of Arabidopsis BIN2, with enhanced tolerance to various abiotic stresses . Plant Mol. Biol. , 65 : 453 – 466 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohorn , B. D. 2001 . WAKs: cell wall associated kinases . Curr. Opinion Cell Biol. , 13: : 529 – 533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama , M. L. , Levesley , A. , Koebner , R. M.D. , Flowers , T. J. and Yeo , A. R. 2001 . Quantitative trait loci for component physiological traits determining salt tolerance in rice . Plant Physiol. , 125 : 406 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , K. , Rao , K. P. , Sharma , P. and Sinha , A. K. 2008 . Differential regulation of rice mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) by abiotic stress . Plant Physiol. Biochem. , 46 : 891 – 897 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumari , S. , Panjabi , V. , Kushwaha , H. , Sopory , S. , Singla-Pareek , S. and Pareek , A. 2009 . Transcriptome map for seedling stage specific salinity stress response indicates a specific set of genes as candidate for saline tolerance in Oryza sativa L . Funct. Integ. Genomics , 9 : 109 – 123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurepa , J. , Walker , J. M. , Smalle , J. , Gosink , M. M. , Davis , S. J. , Durham , T. L. , Sung , D. Y. and Vierstra , R. D. 2003 . The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein modification system in Arabidopsis - Accumulation of SUMO1 and -2 conjugates is increased by stress . J. Biol. Chem. , 278 : 6862 – 6872 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang , N. T. , Buu , B. C. and Ismail , A. 2008 . Molecular mapping and marker-assisted selection for salt tolerance in rice . Omonrice , 16 : 50 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Laüchli , A. 1990 . “ Calcium, salinity and the plasma membrane ” . In Calcium in Plant Growth and Development , Edited by: Leonard , R. T. and Hepler , P. K. 26 – 35 . Rockville, MD : American Society Plant Physiology .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , H. , Xiong , L. , Gong , Z. , Ishitani , M. , Stevenson , B. and Zhu , J. K. 2001 . The Arabidopsis HOS1 gene negatively regulates cold signal transduction and encodes a RING finger protein that displays cold-regulated nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning . Genes Dev. , 15 : 912 – 924 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , K. S. , Choi , W. Y. , Ko , J. C , Kim , T. S. and Gregorio , G. B. 2003 . Salinity tolerance of japonica and indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the seedling stage . Planta , 216 : 1043 – 1046 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M. O. , Cho , K. , Kim , S. H. , Jeong , S. H. , Kim , J. A. , Jung , Y. H. , Shim , J. , Shibato , J. , Rakwal , R. , Tamogami , S. , Kubo , A. , Agrawal , G. K. and Jwa , N. S. 2008 . Novel rice OsSIPK is a multiple stress responsive MAPK family member showing rhythmic expression at mRNA level . Planta , 227 : 981 – 990 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S. C. , Lan , W. Z. , Kim , B. G. , Li , L. G. , Cheong , Y. H. , Pandey , G. K. , Lu , G. H , Buchanan , B. B. and Luan , S. 2007a . A protein phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation network regulates a plant potassium channel . PNAS , 104 : 15959 – 15964 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S. Y. , Ahn , J. H. , Cha , Y. S. , Yun , D. W. , Lee , M. C. , Ko , J. C. , Lee , K. S. and Eun , M. Y. 2007b . Mapping QTLs related to salinity tolerance of rice at the young seedling stage . Plant Breed , 126 : 43 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , L. G. , Kim , B. G. , Cheong , Y. H. , Pandey , G. K. and Luan , S. 2006 . A Ca2+ signaling pathway regulates a K+ channel for low-K response in Arabidopsis . PNAS , 103 : 12625 – 12630 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Y. F. , Zheng , Y. , Addo-Quaye , C. , Zhang , L. , Saini , A. , Jagadeeswaran , G. , Axtell , M. J. , Zhang , W. and Sunkar , R. 2010 . Transcriptome-wide identification of microRNA targets in rice . Plant J. , 62 : 742 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , H. X. , Zhu , M. Z. , Yano , M. , Gao , J. P. , Liang , Z. W. , Su , W. A. , Hu , X. H. , Ren , Z. H. and Chao , D. Y. 2004 . QTLs for Na+ and K+ uptake of the shoots and roots controlling rice salt tolerance . Theor. App. Gen , 108 : 253 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linares , O. F. 2002 . African rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and future potential . PNAS , 99 : 16360 – 16365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , A. L. , Zou , J. , Zhang , X. W. , Zhou , X. Y. , Wang , W. F. , Xiong , X. Y. , Chen , L. Y. and Chen , X. B. 2010 . Expression profiles of class A rice heat shock transcription factor genes under abiotic stresses . J. Plant Biol. , 53 : 142 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , J. G. , Zhang , Z. , Qin , Q. L. , Peng , R. H , Xiong , A. S. , Chen , J. M. , Xu , F. , Zhu , H. and Yao , Q. H. 2007 . Isolated and characterization of a cDNA encoding ethylene-responsive element binding protein (EREBP)/AP2-type protein, RCBF2, in Oryza sativa L . Biotechnol. Lett. , 29 : 165 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , W. Y. , Wang , M. M. , Huang , J. , Tang , H. J. , Lan , H. X. and Zhang , H. S. 2009 . The OsDHODH1 Gene is involved in salt and drought tolerance in rice . J. Integ. Plant Biol. , 51 : 825 – 833 .
   Google Scholar
• Luan , S. 2009 . The CBL-CIPK network in plant calcium signaling . Trends Plant Sci. , 14 : 37 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo , H. , Song , F. , Goodman , R. M. and Zheng , Z. 2005a . Up-regulation of OsBIHD1, a rice gene encoding BELL homeo-domain transcriptional factor, in disease resistance responses . Plant Biol. , 7 : 459 – 468 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo , H. L. , Song , F. M. and Zheng , Z. 2005b . Overexpression in transgenic tobacco reveals different roles for the rice homeodomain gene OsBIHD1 in biotic and abiotic stress responses . J. Exp. Bot. , 56 : 2673 – 2682 .
   Google Scholar
• Luo , J. , Shen , G. , Yan , J. , He , C. and Zhang , H. 2006 . AtCHIP functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of protein phosphatase 2A subunits and alters plant response to abscisic acid treatment . Plant J. , 46 : 649 – 657 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutts , S. , Kinet , J. M. and Bouharmont , J. 1995 . Changes in plant response to NaCl during development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties differing in salinity resistance . J. Exp. Bot. , 46 : 1843 – 1852 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas , E. V. 1990 . “ Agricultural salinity assessment and management ” . In ASCE Manuals and reports on Engineering , Edited by: Tanji , K. K. 262 – 304 . New York : American Society of Civil Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Maas , E. V. and Hoffman , G. J. 1977 . Crop salt tolerance- Current assessment . J. Irrig. Drain. Div. ASCE , 103 ( IR2 ) : 115 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Maathuis , F. J.M. and Amtmann , A. 1999 . K+ nutrition and Na+ toxicity: The basis of cellular K+/Na+ ratios . Annals Bot. , 84 : 123 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maathuis , F. J.M. , Verlin , D. , Smith , F. A. , Sanders , D. , Fernandez , J. A. and Walker , N. A. 1996 . The physiological relevance of Na+-coupled K+-transport . Plant Physiol. , 112 : 1609 – 1616 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mackill , D. J. 2007 . “ Molecular markers and marker-assisted selection in rice ” . In Genomics assisted crop improvement. Vol 2. Genomics applications in crops. , Edited by: Varshney , R. K. and Tuberosa , R. 147 – 168 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Mahajan , S. , Pandey , G. K. and Tuteja , N. 2008 . Calcium- and salt-stress signaling in plants: Shedding light on SOS pathway . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 471 : 146 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahajan , S. and Tuteja , N. 2005 . Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 444 : 139 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malakshah , S. , Rezaei , M. , Heidari , M. and Salekdeh , G. 2007 . Proteomics reveals new salt responsive proteins associated with rice plasma membrane . Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. , 71 : 2144 – 2154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin , K. , Suzuki , I. , Yamaguchi , K. , Ribbeck , K. , Yamamoto , H. , Kanesaki , Y. , Hagemann , M. and Murata , N. 2003 . Identification of histidine kinases that act as sensors in the perception of salt stress in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 . PNAS , 100 : 9061 – 9066 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martinez-Atienza , J. , Jiang , X. Y. , Garciadeblas , B. , Mendoza , I. , Zhu , J. K. , Pardo , J. M. and Quintero , F. J. 2007 . Conservation of the salt overly sensitive pathway in rice . Plant Physiol. , 143 : 1001 – 1012 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather , K. A. , Caicedo , A. L. , Polato , N. R. , Olsen , K. M. , McCouch , S. and Purugganan , M. D. 2007 . The extent of linkage disequilibrium in rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Genetics , 177 : 2223 – 2232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsukura , S. , Mizoi , J. , Yoshida , T. , Todaka , D. , Ito , Y. , Maruyama , K. , Shinozaki , K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki , K. 2010 . Comprehensive analysis of rice DREB2-type genes that encode transcription factors involved in the expression of abiotic stress-responsive genes . Mol. Genet. Genomics , 283 : 185 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCord , J. M. 2000 . The evolution of free radicals and oxidative stress . Am J Med , 108 : 652 – 659 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally , K. L. , Childs , K. L. , Bohnert , R. , Davidson , R. M. , Zhao , K. , Ulat , V. J. , Zeller , G. , Clark , R. M. , Hoen , D. R. , Bureau , T. E. , Stokowski , R. , Ballinger , D. G. , Frazer , K. A. , Cox , D. R. , Padhukasahasram , B. , Bustamante , C. D. , Weigel , D. , Mackill , D. J. , Bruskiewich , R. M. , Ratsch , G. , Buell , C. R. , Leung , H. and Leach , J. E. 2009 . Genomewide SNP variation reveals relationships among landraces and modern varieties of rice . PNAS , 106 : 12273 – 12278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meinnel , T. and Giglione , C. 2008 . Protein lipidation meets proteomics . Front. Biosci. , 13 : 6326 – 6340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meuwissen , T. H.E. , Hayes , B. J. and Goddard , M. E. 2001 . Prediction of total genetic value using genome-wide dense marker maps . Genetics , 157 : 1819 – 1829 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura , K. and Hasegawa , P. M. 2010 . Sumoylation and other ubiquitin-like post-translational modifications in plants . Trends Cell Biol. , 20 : 223 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura , K. , Jin , J. B. , Lee , J. , Yoo , C. Y. , Stirm , V. , Miura , T. , Ashworth , E. N. , Bressan , R. A. , Yun , D. J. and Hasegawa , P. M. 2007 . SIZ1-mediated sumoylation of ICE1 controls CBF3/DREB1A expression and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis . Plant Cell , 19 : 1403 – 1414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura , K. , Lee , J. , Jin , J. B. , Yoo , C. Y. , Miura , T. and Hasegawa , P. M. 2009 . Sumoylation of ABI5 by the Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 negatively regulates abscisic acid signaling . PNAS , 106 : 5418 – 5423 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadi-Nejad , G. , Singh , R. K. , Arzani , A. , Rezaie , A. M. , Sabouri , H. and Gregorio , G. B. 2010 . Evaluation of salinity tolerance in rice genotypes . Int. J. Plant Prod. , 4 : 199 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty , A. , Kathutia , H. , Ferjani , A. , Sakamoto , A. , Mohanty , P. , Murat , N. and Tyagi , A. A. 2002 . Transgenics of elite indica rice Pusa Basmati 1 harbouring the codA gene are highly tolerant to salt stress . Theor. App. Genet. , 106 : 51 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moons , A. , Bauw , G. , Prinsen , E. , Van-Montagu , M. and Van-der-Rhodes-Straeten , D. 1995 . Molecular and physiological responses to abscisic acid and salts in roots of salt-sensitive and salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant indica rice varieties . Plant Physiol. , 107 : 177 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moons , A. , Prinsen , E. , Bauw , G. and Van Montagu , M. 1997 . Antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and jasmonates on salt stress-inducible transcripts in rice roots . Plant Cell , 9 : 2243 – 2259 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi , F. and Ismail , A. M. 2007 . Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ROS scavenging system to salt stressduring seedling and reproductive stages in rice . Ann. Bot. , 99 : 1161 – 1173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi , F. , Ismail , A. M. , Gregorio , G. B. and Egdane , J. A. 2003 . Salinity tolerance of rice during reproductive development and association with tolerance at the seedling stage . Ind. J. Plant Physiol. , 8 : 105 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Munns , R. 2005 . Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together . New Phytol. , 167 : 645 – 663 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munns , R. , James , R. A. and Laüchli , A. 2006 . Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals . J. Exp. Bot. , 57 : 1025 – 1043 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munns , R. and Tester , M. 2008 . Mechanisms of salinity tolerance . Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. , 59 : 651 – 681 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa , H. , Ohmiya , K. and Hattori , T. 1996 . A rice bZIP protein, designated OSBZ8, is rapidly induced by abscisic acid . Plant J. , 9 : 217 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura , A. , Fukuda , A. , Sakai , S. and Tanaka , Y. 2006 . Molecular cloning, functional expression and subcellular localization of two putative vacuolar voltage-gated chloride channels in rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Plant Cell Physiol. , 47 : 32 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima , K. , Tran , L. S. , Van Nguyen , D. , Fujita , M. , Maruyama , K. , Todaka , D. , Ito , Y. , Hayashi , N. , Shinozaki , K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki , K. 2007 . Functional analysis of a NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC6 involved in abiotic and biotic stress-responsive gene expression in rice . Plant J. , 51 : 617 – 630 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuman , P. M. 1993 . Rapid and reversible modifrications of extension capacity of cell wallq in elongating maize leaf tisses reponding to root addition and removal of NaCl . Plant Cell Environ. , 16 : 1107 – 1114 .
   Google Scholar
• Nigam , N. , Singh , A. , Sahi , C. , Chandramouli , A. and Grover , A. 2008 . SUMO-conjugating enzyme (Sce) and FK506-binding protein (FKBP) encoding rice (Oryza sativa L.) genes: genome-wide analysis, expression studies and evidence for their involvement in abiotic stress response . Mol. Genet. Genomics , 279 : 371 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning , J. , Li , X. H. , Hicks , L. M. and Xiong , L. Z. 2010 . A Raf-Like MAPKKK Gene DSM1 mediates drought resistance through Reactive Oxygen Species scavenging in rice . Plant Physiol. , 152 : 876 – 890 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning , J. , Liu , S. Y. , Hu , H. H. and Xiong , L. Z. 2008 . Systematic analysis of NPK1-like genes in rice reveals a stress-inducible gene cluster co-localized with a quantitative trait locus of drought resistance . Mol. Gen. Genomics , 280 : 535 – 546 .
   Google Scholar
• Obata , T. , Kitamoto , H. K. , Nakamura , A. , Fukuda , A. and Tanaka , Y. 2007 . Rice Shaker potassium channel OsKAT1 confers tolerance to salinity stress on yeast and rice cells . Plant Physiol. , 144 : 1978 – 1985 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh , S. J. , Kim , Y. S. , Kwon , C. W. , Park , H. K. , Jeong , J. S. and Kim , J. K. 2009 . Overexpression of the transcription factor AP37 in rice improves grain yield under drought conditions . Plant Physiol. , 150 : 1368 – 1379 .
   Google Scholar
• Okada , T. , Nakayama , H. , Shinmyo , A. and Yoshida , K. 2008 . Expression of OsHAK genes encoding potassium ion transporters in rice . Plant Biotech , 25 : 241 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Ouyang , S. Q. , Liu , Y. F. , Liu , P. , Lei , G. , He , S. J. , Ma , B. , Zhang , W. K. , Zhang , J. S. and Chen , S. Y. 2010 . Receptor-like kinase OsSIK1 improves drought and salt stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) plants . Plant J. , 62 : 316 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , H. C. , Kim , H. , Koo , S. C. , Park , H. J. , Cheong , M. S. , Hong , H. , Baek , D. , Chung , W. S. , Kim , D. H. , Bressan , R. A. , Lee , S. Y. , Bohnert , H. J and Yun , D. J. 2010 . Functional characterization of the SIZ/PIAS-type SUMO E3 ligases, OsSIZ1 and OsSIZ2 in rice . Plant Cell Environ , 33 : 1923 – 1934 .
   Google Scholar
• Passioura , J. B. and Munns , R. 2000 . Rapid environmental changes that affect leaf water status induce transient surges or pauses in leaf expansion rate . Aust. J. Plant Physiol. , 27 : 941 – 948 .
   Google Scholar
• Phean , O. P.S. , Punteeranurak , P. and Buaboocha , T. 2005 . Calcium signaling-mediated and differential induction of calmodulin gene expression by stress in Oryza sativa L . J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. , 38 : 432 – 439 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piao , H. L. , Xuan , Y. H. , Park , S. H. , Je , B. I. , Park , S. J. , Park , S. H. , Kim , C. M. , Huang , J. , Wang , G. K. , Kim , M. J. , Kang , S. M. , Lee , I. J. , Kwon , T. R. , Kim , Y. H. , Yeo , U. S. , Yi , G , Son , D. and Han , C. D. 2010 . OsCIPK31, a CBL-interacting protein kinase is involved in germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress conditions in rice plants . Mol. Cells , 30 : 19 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierre , M. , Traverso , J. A. , Boisson , B. , Domenichini , S. , Bouchez , D. , Giglione , C. and Meinnel , T. 2007 . N-myristoylation regulates the SnRK1 pathway in Arabidopsis . Plant Cell , 19 : 2804 – 2821 .
   Google Scholar
• Prasad , S. R. , Bagali , P. G. , Hittalmani , S. and Shashidhar , S. E. 1999 . Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with seedling tolerance of salt stress in rice . Curr. Sci. , 78 : 162 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Qiu , Q. S. , Guo , Y. , Dietrich , M. A. , Schumaker , K. S. and Zhu , J. K. 2002 . Regulation of SOS1, a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger in Arabidopsis thaliana, by SOS2 and SOS3 . PNAS , 99 : 8436 – 8441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quan , R. , Lin , H. , Mendoza , I. , Zhang , Y. , Cao , W. , Yang , Y. , Shang , M. , Chen , S. , Pardo , J. M. and Guo , Y. 2007 . SCABP8/CBL10, a putative calcium sensor, interacts with the protein kinase SOS2 to protect Arabidopsis shoots from salt stress . Plant Cell , 19 : 1415 – 1431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintero , F. J. , Ohta , M. , Shi , H. , Zhu , J. K. and Pardo , J. M. 2002 . Reconstitution in yeast of the Arabidopsis SOS signaling pathway for Na+ homeostasis . PNAS , 99 : 9061 – 9066 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabbani , M. A. , Maruyama , K. , Abe , H. , Khan , M. A. , Katsura , K. , Ito , Y. , Yoshiwara , K. , Seki , M. , Shinozaki , K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki , K. 2003 . Monitoring expression profiles of rice genes under cold, drought, and high-salinity stresses and abscisic acid application using cDNA microarray and RNA get-blot analyses . Plant Physiol. , 133 : 1755 – 1767 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rains , D. W. and Epstein , E. 1967 . Sodium absorption by barley roots: its mediation by mechanism 2 of alkali cation transport . Plant Physiol. , 42 : 319 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendran , K. , Tester , M. and Roy , S. J. 2009 . Quantifying the three main components of salinity tolerance in cereals . Plant Cell Environ. , 32 : 237 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranathunge , K. , Kotula , L. , Steudle , E. and Lafitte , R. 2004 . Water permeability and reflection coefficient of the outer part of young rice roots are differently affected by closure of water channels (aquaporins) or blockage of apoplastic pores . J. Exp. Bot. , 55 : 433 – 447 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven , J. A. 1985 . Regulation of pH and generation of osmolarity in vascular plants: a cost-benefit analysis in relation to efficiency of use of energy, nitrogen and water . New Phytol. , 101 : 25 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray , S. , Agarwal , P. , Arora , R. , Kapoor , S. and Tyagi , A. K. 2007 . Expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family during reproductive development and abiotic stress conditions in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) . Mol. Gen. Genomics , 278 : 493 – 505 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebouillat , J. , Dievart , A. , Verdeil , J. , Escoute , J. , Giese , G. , Breitler , J. , Gantet , P. , Espeout , S. , Guiderdoni , E. and Périn , C. 2009 . Molecular genetics of rice root development . Rice , 2 : 15 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren , Z. H. , Gao , J. P. , Li , L. G. , Cai , X. L. , Huang , W. , Chao , D. Y. , Zhu , M. Z , Wang , Z. Y. , Luan , S. and Lin , H. X. 2005 . A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter . Nat. Genetics , 37 : 1141 – 1146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riechmann , J. L. , Heard , J. , Martin , G. , Reuber , L. , Jiang , C. , Keddie , J. , Adam , L. , Pineda , O. , Ratcliffe , O. J. , Samaha , R. R. , Creelman , R. , Pilgrim , M. , Broun , P. , Zhang , J. Z. , Ghandehari , D. , Sherman , B. K. and Yu , G. 2000 . Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes . Science , 290 : 2105 – 2110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Navarro , A. and Rubio , F. 2006 . High-affinity potassium and sodium transport systems in plants . J. Exp. Bot. , 57 : 1149 – 1160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , H. G. , Roberts , J. K.M. , Jordan , W. R. and Drew , M. C. 1997 . Growth, water relations and accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes in roots of aize seedlings during salt stress . Plant Physiol. , 113 : 881 – 893 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , M. C. , Petersen , M. and Mundy , J. 2010 . Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in plants . Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. , 61 : 621 – 649 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rus , A. , Lee , B. H. , Munoz-Mayor , A. , Sharkhuu , A. , Miura , K. , Zhu , J. K. , Bressan , R. A. and Hasegawa , P. M. 2004 . AtHKT1 facilitates Na+ homeostasis and K+ nutrition in planta . Plant Physiol. , 136 : 2500 – 2511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rus , A. M. , Bressan , R. A. and Hasegawa , P. M. 2005 . Unraveling salt tolerance in crops . Nat. Genetics , 37 : 1029 – 1030 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sabouri , H. , Rezai , A. M. , Moumeni , A. , Kavousi , A. , Katouzi , M. and Sabouri , A. 2009 . QTLs mapping of physiological traits related to salt tolerance in young rice seedlings . Biol. Plantarum , 53 : 657 – 662 .
   Google Scholar
• Sahi , C. , Singh , A. , Kumar , K. , Blumwald , E. and Grover , A. 2006 . Salt stress response in rice: genetics, molecular biology, and comparative genomics . Funct. Integr. Genomics , 6 : 263 – 284 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saibo , N. J. , Lourenço , T. and Oliveira , M. M. 2009 . Transcription factors and regulation of photosynthetic and related metabolism under environmental stresses . Ann. Bot. , 103 : 609 – 623 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saijo , Y. , Hata , S. , Kyozuka , J. , Shimamoto , K. and Izui , K. 2000 . Over-expression of a single Ca2+-dependent protein kinase confers both cold and salt/drought tolerance on rice plants . Plant J. , 23 : 319 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Barrena , M. J. , Fujii , H. , Angulo , I. , Martinez-Ripoll , M. , Zhu , J. K. and Albert , A. 2007 . The structure of the C-terminal domain of the protein kinase AtSOS2 bound to the calcium sensor AtSOS3 . Mol. Cell , 26 : 427 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos , A. P. , Ferreira , L. , Maroco , J. and Oliveira , M. M. 2010 . Abiotic stresses and induced DNA hypometylation causes interphase chromatin structural changes in the rice rDNA loci . Cytogenet Genome Res , DOI: 10.1159/000 (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Sawads , K. , Ono , H. , Khunajakr , N. , Tao , T. , Yamamoto , M. , Hiramoto , M. , Shinmyo , A. , Takano , M. and Murooka , Y. 1999 . Characterization of biosynthetic enzymes for ectoine as a compatible solute in a moderately halophilic eubacterium, Halomonas elongata . J. Bacteriol. , 181 : 91 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Schachtman , D. P. 2000 . Molecular insights into the structure and function of plant K+ transport mechanisms Biochim . Biophys. Acta , 1465 : 127 – 139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senadheera , P. and Maathuis , F. J.M. 2009 . Differentially regulated kinases and phosphatases in roots may contribute to inter-cultivar difference in rice salinity tolerance . Plant Signal Behav. , 4 : 1163 – 1165 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Senadheera , P. , Singh , R. K. and Maathuis , F. J. M. 2009 . Differentially expressed membrane transporters in rice roots may contribute to cultivar dependent salt tolerance . J. Exp. Bot. , 60 : 2553 – 2563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senadhira , D. 1994 . Rice and problem soils in South and Southeast Asia . IRRI Disc. Paper Series , 4 : 1 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Shabala , L. , Cuin , T. A. , Newman , I. A. and Shabala , S. 2005 . Salinity-induced ion flux patterns from the excised roots of Arabidopsis sos mutants . Planta , 222 : 1041 – 1050 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon , M. C. , Rhoades , J. D. , Draper , J. H. , Scardaci , S. C. and Spyres , M. D. 1998 . Assessment of salt tolerance in rice cultivars in response to salinity problems in California . Crop Sci. , 38 : 394 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi , H. , Ishitani , M. , Kim , C. and Zhu , J-K. 2000 . The Arabidopsis thaliana salt tolerance gene SOS1 encodes a putative Na+/H+ antiporter . PNAS , 97 : 6896 – 6901 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi , H. , Kim , Y , Guo , Y. , Stevenson , B. and Zhu , J-K. 2003 . The Arabidopsis SOS5 locus encodes a putative cell surface adhesion protein and is required for normal cell expansion . Plant Cell , 15 : 19 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi , H. , Quintero , F and Pardo , J., and Zhu, J. K. 2002 . The putative plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 controls long-distance Na+ transport in plants . Plant Cell , 14 : 465 – 477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , R. K. , Gregorio , G. B. and Jain , R. K. 2007 . QTL mapping for salinity tolerance in rice . Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants , 13 : 87 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , S. , Cornilescu , C. C. , Tyler , R. C. , Cornilescu , G. , Tonelli , M. , Lee , M. S. and Markley , J. L. 2005 . Solution structure of a late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA14) from Arabidopsis thaliana, a cellular stress-related protein . Protein Sci. , 14 : 2601 – 2609 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperotto , R. A. , Ricachenevsky , F. K. , Duarte , G. L. , Boff , T. , Lopes , K. L. , Sperb , E. R. , Grusak , M. A. and Fett , J. P. 2009 . Identification of up-regulated genes in flag leaves during rice grain filling and characterization of OsNAC5, a new ABA-dependent transcription factor . Planta , 230 : 985 – 1002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subbarao , G. V. , Ito , O. , Berry , W. L. and Wheeler , R. M. 2003 . Sodium - A functional plant nutrient . Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. , 22 : 391 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , S. J. , Guo , S. Q. , Yang , X. , Bao , Y. M. , Tang , H. J. , Sun , H. , Huang , J. and Zhang , H. S. 2010 . Functional analysis of a novel Cys2/His2-type zinc finger protein involved in salt tolerance in rice . J. Exp. Bot. , 61 : 2807 – 2818 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunarpi, Horie , T , Motoda , J. , Kubo , M. , Yang , H. , Yoda , K. , Horie , R. , Chan , W. Y. , Leung , H. Y. , Hattori , K. , Konomi , M. , Osumi , M. , Yamagami , M. , Schroeder , J. I. and and Uozumi , N. 2005 . Enhanced salt tolerance mediated by AtHKT1 transporter-induced Na+ unloading from xylem vessels to xylem parenchyma cells . Plant J. , 44 : 928 – 938 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunkar , R. , Girke , T. , Jain , P. K. and Zhu , J. K. 2005 . Cloning and characterization of MicroRNAs from rice . Plant Cell , 17 : 1397 – 1411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunkar , R. and Jagadeeswaran , G. 2008 . In silico identification of conserved microRNAs in large number of diverse plant species . BMC Plant Biology , 8 : 37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczerba , M. W. , Britto , D. T. and Kronzucker , H. J. 2009 . K+ transport in plants: Physiology and molecular biology . J. Plant Physiol. , 166 : 447 – 466 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takasaki , H. , Maruyama , K. , Kidokoro , S. , Ito , Y. , Fujita , Y. , Shinozaki , K. , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki , K. and Nakashima , K. 2010a . The abiotic stress-responsive NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC5 regulates stress-inducible genes and stress tolerance in rice . Mol. Genet. Genomics , 284 : 173 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takasaki , H. , Maruyama , K. , Kidokoro , S. , Ito , Y. , Fujita , Y. , Shinozaki , K. , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki , K. and Nakashima , K. 2010b . The abiotic stress-responsive NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC5 regulates stress-inducible genes and stress tolerance in rice . Mol. Genet. Genomics , 284 : 173 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takehisa , H. , Shimodate , T. , Fukuta , Y. , Ueda , T. , Yano , M. , Yamaya , T. , Kameya , T. and Sato , T. 2004 . Identification of quantitative trait loci for plant growth of rice in paddy field flooded with salt water . Field Crops Res. , 89 : 85 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavakkoli , E. , Rengasamy , P. and McDonald , G. K. 2010 . The response of barley to salinity stress differs between hydroponic and soil systems . Funct. Plant Biol. , 37 : 621 – 633 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teige , M. , Scheikl , E. , Eulgem , T. , Doczi , R. , Ichimura , K. , Shinozaki , K. , Dangl , J. L. and Hirt , H. 2004 . The MKK2 pathway mediates cold and salt stress signaling in Arabidopsis . Mol. Cell , 15 : 141 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thein , S. Z.M. , Sajise , A. G. , Vispo , N. A. , Refuerzo , L. , Marydee , A. , Mamiit , A. , Borromeo , T. H. , Hernandez , J. E. , Thomson , M. J. , Gregorio , G. B. , Mackill , D. J. and Singh , R. K. Pyramiding salinity and submergence tolerance in rice through marker-assisted selection . Proceedings of BioAsia. 6th Asian Crop science Association Conference and 2nd International Conference on Rice. Bangkok, Thailand.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , M. , de Ocampo , M. , Egdane , J. , Rahman , M. , Sajise , A. , Adorada , D. , Tumimbang-Raiz , E. , Blumwald , E. , Seraj , Z. , Singh , R. , Gregorio , G. and Ismail , A. 2010 . Characterizing the Saltol Quantitative Trait Locus for salinity tolerance in rice. . Rice , 3 : 148 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traverso , J. A. , Meinnel , T. and Giglione , C. 2008 . Expanded impact of protein N-myristoylation in plants . Plant Signal Behav. , 3 : 501 – 502 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turkan , I. and Demiral , T. 2009 . Recent developments in understanding salinity tolerance . Environ. Exp. Bot. , 67 : 2 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urao , T. , Yakubov , B. , Satoh , R. , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki , K. , Seki , B. , Hirayama , T. and Shinozaki , K. 1999 . A transmembrane hybrid-type histidine kinase in Arabidopsis functions as an osmosensor . Plant Cell , 11 : 1743 – 1754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidyanathan , R. , Kuruvilla , S. and Thomas , G. 1999 . Characterization and expression pattern of an abscisic acid and osmotic stress responsive gene from rice . Plant Sci. , 140 : 21 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Walia , H. , Wilson , C. , Condamine , P. , Liu , X. , Ismail , A. M. , Zeng , L. H. , Wanamaker , S. I. , Mandal , J. , Xu , J. , Cui , X. P. and Close , T. J. 2005 . Comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting rice genotypes under salinity stress during the vegetative growth stage . Plant Physiol , 139 : 822 – 835 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walia , H. , Wilson , C. , Zeng , L. H. , Ismail , A. M. , Condamine , P. and Close , T. J. 2007 . Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of salinity stressed japonica and indica rice genotypes during panicle initiation stage . Plant Mol. Biol , 63 : 609 – 623 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan , B. , Lin , Y. and Mou , T. 2007 . Expression of rice Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) genes under different environmental stresses . FEBS Lett. , 581 : 1179 – 1189 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , X. S. , Zhu , H. B. , Jin , G. L. , Liu , H. L. , Wu , W. R. and Zhu , J. 2007 . Genome-scale identification and analysis of LEA genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Plant Sci. , 172 : 414 – 420 .
   Google Scholar
• Weinl , S. and Kudla , J. 2009 . The CBL-CIPK Ca(2+)-decoding signaling network: function and perspectives . New Phytol , 184 : 517 – 528 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu , Y. S. , Hu , Y. B. and Xu , G. H. 2009 . Interactive effects of potassium and sodium on root growth and expression of K/Na transporter genes in rice . Plant Growth Reg. , 57 : 271 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang , Y. , Huang , Y. and Xiong , L. 2007 . Characterization of stress-responsive CIPK genes in rice for stress tolerance improvement . Plant Physiol. , 144 : 1416 – 1428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang , Y. , Tang , N. , Du , H. , Ye , H. and Xiong , L. 2008 . Characterization of OsbZIP23 as a key player of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family for conferring abscisic acid sensitivity and salinity and drought tolerance in rice . Plant Physiol. , 148 : 1938 – 1952 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong , L. and Yang , Y. 2003 . Disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are inversely modulated by an abscisic acid-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase . Plant Cell , 15 : 745 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong , L. M. , Schumaker , K. S. and Zhu , J. K. 2002 . Cell signaling during cold, drought, and salt stress . Plant Cell , 14 : S165 – S183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , Y. B. and Crouch , J. H. 2008 . Marker-assisted selection in plant breeding: From publications to practice . Crop Sci. , 48 : 391 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue , T. T. , Wang , D. , Zhang , S. Z. , Ehlting , J. , Ni , F. , Jakab , S. , Zheng , C. C. and Zhong , Y. 2008 . Genome-wide and expression analysis of protein phosphatase 2C in rice and Arabidopsis . BMC Genomics , 9 : 550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav , R. , Flowers , T. J. and Yeo , A. R. 1996 . The involvement of the transpirational bypass fow in sodium uptake by high- and lowsodium-transporting lines of rice developed through intravarietal selection . Plant Cell Environ. , 19 : 329 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi-Shinozaki , K. and Shinozaki , K. 2006 . Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stress . Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. , 57 : 781 – 803 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , J. , Wang , J. , Li , Q. , Hwang , J. R. , Patterson , C. and Zhang , H. 2003 . AtCHIP, a U-box-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a critical role in temperature stress tolerance in Arabidopsis . Plant Physiol. , 132 : 861 – 869 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yancey , P. H. , Clark , M. E. , Hand , S. C. , Bowlus , R. D. and Somero , G. N. 1982 . Living with water stress: evolution of osmolyte systems . Science , 217 : 1214 – 1222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano , M. , Katayose , Y. , Ashikari , M. , Yamanouchi , U. , Monna , L. , Fuse , T. , Baba , T. , Yamamoto , K. , Umehara , Y. , Nagamura , Y. and Sasaki , T. 2000 . Hd1, a major photoperiod sensitivity quantitative trait locus in rice, is closely related to the Arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS . Plant Cell , 12 : 2473 – 2484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao , X. , Horie , T. , Xue , S. W. , Leung , H. Y. , Katsuhara , M. , Brodsky , D. E. , Wu , Y. and Schroeder , J. I. 2010 . Differential sodium and potassium transport selectivities of the rice OsHKT2;1 and OsHKT2;2 transporters in plant cells . Plant Physiol , 152 : 341 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo , A. R. 1983 . Salinity resistance: Physiologies and prices . Physiologia Plantarum , 58 : 214 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo , A. R. and Flowers , T. J. 1983 . Varietal differences in the toxicity of sodium-ions in rice leaves . Physiol. Plantarum , 59 : 189 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo , A. R. and Flowers , T. J. 1986 . Salinity resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and a pyramiding approach to breeding varieties for saline soils . Aust. J. Plant Physiol. , 13 : 161 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Yeo , A. R. , Lee , K-S. , Izard , P. , Boursier , P. J. and Flowers , T. J. 1991 . Short and long-term effects of salinity on leaf growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.) . J. Exp. Bot. , 42 : 881 – 889 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo , A. R. , Yeo , M. E. , Flowers , S. A. and Flowers , T. J. 1990 . Screening of rice (Oryza sativa L) genotypes for physiological characters contributing to salinity resistance, and their relationship to overall performance . Theor. App. Gen. , 79 : 377 – 384 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo , A. R. , Yeo , M. E. and Flowers , T. J. 1987 . The contribution of an apoplastic pathway to sodium uptake by rice roots in saline conditions . J. Exp. Bot. , 38 : 1141 – 1153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo , A. T. , Kwon , H. B. , Han , S. E. , Lee , J. T. , Ryu , J. C. and Byu , M. O. 2000 . Genetic engineering of drought resistant potato plants by introduction of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Mol. Cell , 10 : 263 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Yokotani , N. , Ichikawa , T. , Kondou , Y. , Matsui , M. , Hirochika , H. , Iwabuchi , M. and Oda , K. 2009 . Tolerance to various environmental stresses conferred by the salt-responsive rice gene ONAC063 in transgenic Arabidopsis . Planta , 229 : 1065 – 1075 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng , L. , Shannon , M. C. and Grieve , C. M. 2002 . Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by multiple agronomic parameters . Euphytica , 127 : 235 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng , L. H. and Shannon , M. C. 2000 . Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components of rice . Crop Sci. , 40 : 996 – 1003 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , H. X. and Blumwald , E. 2001 . Transgenic salt-tolerant tomato plants accumulate salt in foliage but not in fruit . Nat. Biotech. , 19 : 765 – 768 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. , Jia , W. , Yang , J. and Ismail , A. M. 2006 . Role of ABA in integrating plant responses to drought and salt stresses . Field Crops Res. , 97 : 111 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , W. , Peumans , W. J. , Barre , A. , Astoul , C. H. , Rovira , P. , Rouge , P. , Proost , P. , Truffa-Bachi , P. , Jalali , A. A. and Van Damme , E. J. 2000 . Isolation and characterization of a jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin from salt-stressed rice (Oryza sativa) plants . Planta , 210 : 970 – 978 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , Y. , Wang , L. , Liu , Y. , Zhang , Q. , Wei , Q. and Zhang , W. 2004 . Nitric oxide enhances salt tolerance in maize seedlings through increasing activities of proton-pump and Na+/H+ antiport in the tonoplast . Planta , 224: : 545 – 555 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , Y. , Yang , C. , Li , Y. , Zheng , N. , Chen , H. , Zhao , Q. , Gao , T. , Guo , H. and Xie , Q. 2007 . SDIR1 is a RING finger E3 ligase that positively regulates stress-responsive abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis . Plant Cell , 19 : 1912 – 1929 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , Y. Y. , Li , Y. , Gao , T. , Zhu , H. , Wang , D. J. , Zhang , H. W. , Ning , Y. S. , Liu , L. J. , Wu , Y. R. , Chu , C. C. , Guo , H. S. and Xie , Q. 2008 . Arabidopsis SDIR1 enhances drought tolerance in crop plants . Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. , 72 : 2251 – 2254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao , B. , Ge , L. , Liang , R. , Li , W. , Ruan , K. , Lin , H. and Jin , Y. 2009 . Members of miR-169 family are induced by high salinity and transiently inhibit the NF-YA transcription factor . BMC Mol. Biol. , 10: : 29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng , L. , Shannon , M. C. and Lesch , S. M. 2001 . Timing of salinity stress affects rice growth and yield components . Agric. Water Manag. , 48 : 191 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , G. A. , Chang , R. Z. and Qiu , L. J. 2010 . Overexpression of soybean ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene GmUBC2 confers enhanced drought and salt tolerance through modulating abiotic stress-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis . Plant Mol. Biol. , 72 : 357 – 367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , G. A. , Jiang , Y. , Yang , Q. , Wang , J. F. , Huang , J. and Zhang , H. S. 2006 . Isolation and characterization of a new Na+/H+ antiporter gene OsNHA1 from rice (Oryza sativa L.). . DNA Seq. , 17 : 24 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , C. , Gore , M. , Buckler , E. S. and Yu , J. 2008 . Status and prospects of association mapping in plants . Plant Genome , 1 : 5 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , G. Y. , Kinet , J-M. and Lutts , S. 2004 . Characterisation of rice (Oryza sativa) F3 populations selected for salt resitance. 2. Relationship between yield-related parameters and physiological properties. . Aust. J. Exp. Agric. , 44 : 333 – 342 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , J-K. 2002a . Regulation of expression of the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene AtNHX1 by salt stress and abscisic acid . Plant Mol. Biol. , 50 : 543 – 550 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , J. K. 2001 . Plant salt tolerance . Trends Plant Sci. , 6 : 66 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , J. K. 2002b . Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants . Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. , 53 : 247 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , J. K. 2003 . Regulation of ion homeostasis under salt stress . Curr. Op. Plant Biol. , 6 : 441 – 445 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou , M. , Guan , Y , Ren , H. , Zhang , F. and Chen , F. 2008 . A bZIP transcription factor, OsABI5, is involved in rice fertility and stress tolerance . Plant Mol. Biol , 66 : 675 – 683 .
   Google Scholar