1,120
Views
73
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Distribution and Abundance of Saltcedar and Russian Olive in the Western United States

, , &
Pages 508-523 | Published online: 10 Nov 2011

REFERENCES

  • Akasheh , O. Z. , Neale , C. M. U. and Jayanthi , H. 2008 . Detailed mapping of riparian vegetation in the middle Rio Grande River using high resolution multi-spectral airborne remote sensing . J. Arid Envir. , 72 : 1734 – 1744 .
  • Akashi , Y. 1988 . “ Riparian Vegetation Dynamics Along the Bighorn River, Wyoming ” . Laramie, WY : Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wyoming .
  • Anderson , B. 1998 . The case for saltcedar . Restor. Manag. Notes , 16 : 130 – 134 .
  • Barnett , T. P. , Pierce , D. W. , Hidalgo , H. G. , Bonfils , C. , Santer , B. D. , Das , T. , Bala , G. , Wood , A. W. , Nozawa , T. , Mirin , A. A. , Cayan , D. R. and Dettinger , M. D. 2008 . Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the western United States . Science , 319 : 1080 – 1083 .
  • Bay , R. F. and Sher , A. A. 2008 . Success of active revegetation after Tamarix removal in riparian ecosystems of the southwestern United States: A quantitative assessment of past restoration projects . Restor. Ecol. , 16 : 113 – 128 .
  • Bhattacharjee , J. , Taylor , J. P. , Smith , L. M. and Haukos , D. A. 2009 . Seedling competition between native cottonwood and exotic saltcedar: implications for restoration . Biol. Invasions , 11 : 1777 – 1787 .
  • Birkeland , G. H. 1996 . Riparian vegetation and sandbar morphology along the lower Little Colorado River, Arizona . Phys. Geog. , 17 : 534 – 553 .
  • Boudell , J. A. and Stromberg , J. C. 2008 . Propagule banks: potential contribution to restoration of an impounded and dewatered riparian ecosystem . Wetlands , 28 : 656 – 665 .
  • Bradshaw , G. L. 2006 . Fort Collins, CO : Colorado State University . Unpublished compilation of California Tamarix species locations
  • Brand , L. A. , White , G. C. and Noon , B. R. 2008 . Factors influencing species richness and community composition of breeding birds in a desert riparian corridor . Condor , 110 : 199 – 210 .
  • Brotherson , J. D. and Field , D. 1987 . Tamarix: impacts of a successful weed . Rangelands , 9 : 110 – 112 .
  • Busch , D. E. 1995 . Effects of fire on southwestern riparian plant community structure . Southwest. Nat. , 40 : 259 – 267 .
  • Busch , D. E. and Smith , S. D. 1995 . Mechanisms associated with the decline of woody species in riparian ecosystems of the southwestern U.S. . Ecol. Monogr , 65 : 347 – 370 .
  • Campbell , C. J. and Dick-Peddie , W. A. 1964 . Comparison of phreatophyte communities on the Rio Grande in New Mexico . Ecol. , 45 : 492 – 502 .
  • Carman , J. G. and Brotherson , J. D. 1982 . Comparisons of sites infested and not infested with saltcedar (Tamarix pentandra) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) . Weed Sci , 30 : 360 – 364 .
  • Christensen , E. M. 1963 . Naturalization of Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) in Utah . Am. Midl. Nat. , 70 : 133 – 137 .
  • Cleverly , J. R. , Smith , S. D. , Sala , A. and Devitt , D. A. 1997 . Invasive capacity of Tamarix ramosissima in a Mojave Desert floodplain: the role of drought . Oecologia , 111 : 12 – 18 .
  • Colorado Department of Transportation . 2002 . “ Colorado Department of Transportation geographic data ” . Denver, CO : Colorado Department of Transportation . http://www.dot.state.co.us/App_DTD_DataAccess/GeoData/index.cfm?fuseaction=GeoDataMain, accessed June 15, 2009
  • Colorado Natural Heritage Program . 2008 . U.S. Air Force locations weed mapping data , Fort Collins, CO : Colorado Natural Heritage Program .
  • Colorado Weed Mapping . 2003 . 2002 quarter quad survey , Denver, CO : Colorado Department of Agriculture . http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite/Agriculture-Main/CDAG/1167928184069, accessed June 15, 2009
  • Cornell , J. E. , Gutierrez , M. , Wait , D. A. and Rubio-Arbias , H. O. 2008 . Ecological characterization of a riparian corridor along the Rio Conchos, Chihuahua, Mexico . Southwest. Nat. , 53 : 96 – 100 .
  • Currier , P. J. 1982 . “ The floodplain vegetation of the Platte River: phytosociology, forest development, and seedling establishment ” . Ames, IA : Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State University .
  • Dahm , C. N. , Cleverly , J. R. , Allred Coonrod , J. E. A. , Thibault , J. R. , McDonnell , D. E. and Gilroy , D. J. 2002 . Evapotranspiration at the land/water interface in a semi-arid drainage basin . Freshw. Biol. , 47 : 831 – 843 .
  • Davern , T. 2006 . “ A predictive model: Tamarisk habitat in California and Colorado ” . Fort Collins, CO : M.S. thesis, Colorado State University .
  • Di Tomaso , J. M. 1998 . Impact, biology and ecology of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the southwestern United States . Weed Technol. , 12 : 326 – 336 .
  • Ellis , L. M. 2001 . Short term responses of woody plants to fire in a Rio Grande riparian forest, Central New Mexico, U.S.A . Biol. Conserv. , 97 : 159 – 170 .
  • Ellis , L. M. , Crawford , C. S. and Molles , M. C. 1998 . Comparison of litter dynamics in native and exotic riparian vegetation along the Middle Rio Grande of central New Mexico, U.S.A . J. Arid Environ. , 38 : 283 – 296 .
  • Evangelista , P. , Kumar , S. , Stohlgren , T. J. , Crall , A. W. and Newman , G. J. 2007 . Modeling aboveground biomass of Tamarix ramosissima in the Arkansas River basin of southeastern Colorado, U.S.A. . West. N. Am. Nat , 67 : 503 – 509 .
  • Evangelista , P. H. , Kumar , S. , Stohlgren , T. J. , Jarnevich , C. S. , Crall , A. W. , Norman , J. B. and Barnett , D. T. 2008 . Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species . Divers. Distrib. , 14 : 808 – 817 .
  • Friedman , J. M. , Auble , G. T. , Shafroth , P. B. , Scott , M. L. , Merigliano , M. F. , Preehling , M. D. and Griffin , E. K. 2005 . Dominance of non-native riparian trees in western USA . Biol. Invasions , 7 : 747 – 751 .
  • Friedman , J. M. , Roelle , J. E. , Gaskin , J. F. , Pepper , A. E. and Manhart , J. R. 2008 . Latitudinal variation in cold hardiness in introduced Tamarix and native Populus . Evol. Appl. , 1 : 598 – 607 .
  • Gaskin , J. F. and Kazmer , D. J. 2006 . Molecular phylogenetic investigation of U.S. invasive Tamarix . Syst. Bot , 28 : 86 – 95 .
  • Gaskin , J. F. and Schaal , B. A. 2002 . Hybrid Tamarix widespread in U.S. invasion and undetected in native Asian range . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 99 : 11256 – 11259 .
  • Gaskin , J. F. and Shafroth , P. B. 2005 . Hybridization of Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (saltcedars) with T. aphylla (athel) (family Tamaricaceae) in the southwestern U.S.A. determined from DNA sequence data . Madroño , 52 : 1 – 10 .
  • Ge , S. K. , Carruthers , R. , Gong , P. and Herrera , H. 2006 . Texture analysis for mapping Tamarix parviflora using aerial photographs along the Cache Creek, California . Envir. Mont. Assess , 114 : 65 – 83 .
  • Glenn , E. P. and Nagler , P. L. 2005 . Comparative ecophysiology of Tamarix ramosissima and native trees in western U.S. riparian zones . J. Arid Environ , 61 : 419 – 446 .
  • Glenn , E. , Tanner , R. , Mendez , S. , Kehret , T. , Moore , D. , Garcia , J. and Valdes , C. 1998 . Growth rates, salt tolerance, and water use characteristics of native and invasive riparian plants from the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico . J. Arid Environ. , 40 : 281 – 294 .
  • Graff , W. L. 1978 . Fluvial adjustments to the spread of tamarisk in the Colorado Plateau region . Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. , 89 : 1491 – 1501 .
  • Groeneveld , D. P. and Watson , R. P. 2008 . Near-infrared discrimination of leafless saltcedar in wintertime with Landsat TM . Int. J. Rem. Sens. , 29 : 3577 – 3588 .
  • Haber , E. 1999 . Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 14: Russian-olive , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada : National Botanical Services .
  • Hansen , N. E. 1901 . Ornamentals for South Dakota Bulletin 72, U.S. Experiment Stations, Brookings, SD
  • Harrison , J. and Matson , P. 2003 . Patterns and controls of nitrous oxide emissions from waters draining a subtropical agricultural valley . Global Biogeochem. Cycles , 17 article no. 1080
  • Hart , C. R. , White , L. D. , McDonald , A. and Sheng , Z. P. 2005 . Saltcedar control and water salvage on the Pecos River, Texas, 1999–2003 . J. Environ. Manage , 75 : 399 – 409 .
  • Horton , J. L. , Kolb , T. E. and Hart , S. C. 2001 . Physiological response to groundwater depth varies among species and with river flow regulation . Ecol. Appl. , 11 : 1046 – 1059 .
  • Hudgeons , J. L. , Knutson , A. E. , DeLoach , C. J. , Heinz , K. M. , McGinty , W. A. and Tracy , J. L. 2007 . Establishment and success of Diorhabda elongata on invasive Tamarix in Texas . Southwest. Entomol , 32 : 157 – 168 .
  • Hughes , F. M. R. 1997 . Floodplain biogeomorphology . Prog. Phys. Geog. , 21 : 510 – 529 .
  • Hughes , F. M. R. , Adams , W. M. , Muller , E. , Nilsson , C. , Richards , K. S. , Barsoum , N. , Decamps , H. , Foussadier , R. , Girel , J. , Guilloy , H. , Hayes , A. , Johansson , M. , Lambs , L. , Pautau , G. , Peiry , J. L. , Perrow , M. , Vautier , F. and Winfield , M. 2001 . The importance of different scale processes for the restoration of floodplain woodlands . Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. , 17 : 325 – 345 .
  • Hultine , K. R. , Belnap , J. , van Riper , C. , Ehleringer , J. R. , Dennison , P. E. , Lee , M. E. , Nagler , P. L. , Snyder , K. A. , Uselman , S. M. and West , J. B. 2010 . Tamarisk biocontrol in the western United States: Ecological and societal implications . Front. Ecol. Environ. , 9 464–467
  • Jarnevich , C. S. and Reynolds , L. V. 2010 . Challenges of predicting the potential distribution of a slow-spreading invader: a habitat suitability map for Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in the western United States . Biological Invasions , 13 : 153 – 163 .
  • Jarnevich , C. S. , Evangelista , P. , Stohglren , T. J. and Morisette , J. 2011 . An update to the national tamarisk map . West. N. Am. Naturalist , 71 : 164 – 175 .
  • Jolly , I. D. , Walker , G. R. and Thorburn , P. J. 1993 . Salt accumulation in semi-arid floodplain soils with implications for forest health . Journal of Hydrology , 150 : 589 – 614 .
  • Katz , G. L. , Friedman , J. M. and Beatty , S. W. 2001 . Effects of physical disturbance and granivory on establishment native and alien riparian trees in Colorado, U.S.A. . Divers. Distrib. , 7 : 1 – 14 .
  • Katz , G. L. , Friedman , J. M. and Beatty , S. W. 2005 . Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest . Ecol. Appl. , 15 : 1019 – 1035 .
  • Katz , G. L. and Shafroth , P. B. 2003 . Biology, ecology and management of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) in western North America . Wetlands , 23 : 763 – 777 .
  • Kefu , Z. and Harris , P. J. C. 1992 . Effect of salt stress on nodulation and nitrogenase activity in Elaeagnus angustifoli . Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports , 10 : 165 – 166 .
  • Kelley , L. 2003 . Otero County GIS weed mapping data , Otero County, CO : Otero County Weed District .
  • Knopf , F. L. and Olson , T. E. 1984 . Naturalization of Russian olive—Implications to Rocky Mountain wildlife . Wildl. Soc. Bull. , 12 : 289 – 298 .
  • Lesica , P. and Miles , S. 1999 . Russian olive invasion into cottonwood forests along a regulated river in north-central Montana . Can. J. Bot. , 77 : 1077 – 1083 .
  • Lesica , P. and Miles , S. 2001 . Natural history and invasion of Russian olive along eastern Montana rivers . West. N. Am. Nat. , 61 : 1 – 10 .
  • Lite , S. J. and Stromberg , J. C. 2005 . Surface water and ground-water thresholds for maintaining Populus-Salix forests, San Pedro River, Arizona . Biol. Conserv , 125 : 153 – 167 .
  • Lozon , J. D. and MacIsaac , H. J. 1997 . Biological invasions: are they dependent on disturbance? . Environ. Rev. , 5 : 131 – 144 .
  • Mahoney , J. M. and Rood , S. B. 1998 . Streamflow requirements for cottonwood seedling recruitment: an interactive model . Wetlands , 18 : 634 – 645 .
  • Meinzer , O. E. 1927 . “ Plants as indicators of ground water, U.S ” . In Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 577. U.S , Washington, DC : Geological Survey .
  • Merritt , D. M. and Poff , N. L. 2010 . Dominance of a non-native riparian shrub along a gradient of flow alteration in rivers of the western U.S . Ecol. Appl , 20 : 135 – 153 .
  • Monk , R. W. and Wiebe , H. H. 1961 . Salt tolerance and protoplasmic salt hardiness of various woody and herbaceous ornamental plants . Plant Physiol , 36 : 478 – 482 .
  • Morisette , J. T. , Jarnevich , C. S. , Ultah , A. , Cai , W. J. , Pedelty , J. A. , Gentle , J. E. , Stohlgren , T. J. and Schnase , J. L. 2006 . A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental United States . Front. Ecol. Environ. , 4 : 11 – 17 .
  • Mortenson , S. G. , Weisberg , P. J. and Ralston , B. E. 2008 . Do beavers promote the invasion of non-native Tamarix in the Grand Canyon riparian zone? . Wetlands , 28 : 666 – 675 .
  • Nagler , P. L. , Glenn , E. P. , Hinojosa-Huerta , O. , Zamora-Arroyo , F. and Howard , K. 2007 . Riparian vegetation dynamics and evapotranspiration for the riparian corridor in the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico: implications for conservation and management . J. Environ. Manage. , 88 : 864 – 874 .
  • Nagler , P. L. , Hinojosa-Huerta , O. , Glenn , E. P. , Garcia-Hernandez , J. , Romo , R. , Curtis , C. , Huete , A. R. and Nelson , S. G. 2005 . Regeneration of native trees in the presence of invasive saltcedar in the Colorado River delta, Mexico . Conserv. Biol , 19 : 1842 – 1852 .
  • Nagler , P. L. , Morino , K. , Didan , K. , Erker , J. , Osterberg , J. , Hultine , K. R. and Glenn , E. P. 2009 . Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the Lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods . Ecohydrol. , 2 : 18 – 33 .
  • National Park Service . 2003 . Data and information: Data Clearinghouse, National Park Service . http://www.nps.gov/gis/, assessed June 15, 2009
  • Natural Resources Conservation Service . 2008 . PLANTS profile, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., saltcedar, U.S. Department of Agriculture . http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TARA, assessed June 15, 2009
  • Neil , W. M. 1985 . Tamarisk . Fremontia , 12 : 22 – 23 .
  • Nelson , S. M. and Wydoski , R. 2008 . Riparian butterfly (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) assemblages associated with Tamarix-dominated, native vegetation-dominated, and Tamarix removal sites along the Arkansas River, Colorado, U.S.A . Restor. Ecol , 16 : 168 – 179 .
  • North Dakota Department of Agriculture . 2003 . Tamarix mapping, North Dakota , Bismark, ND : North Dakota Department of Agriculture .
  • Olson , T. E. and Knopf , F. L. 1986 . Agency subsidization of a rapidly spreading exotic . Wildl. Soc. Bull. , 4 : 492 – 493 .
  • O’Meara , S. , Larsen , D. and Owens , C. 2010 . “ Methods to control saltcedar and Russian olive ” . In Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment , Edited by: Shafroth , P. B. , Brown , C. A. and Merritt , D. M. 65 – 102 . Washington, D.C. : USGS . U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5247
  • Parmesan , C. 2006 . Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change . Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 37 : 637 – 669 .
  • Patten , D. T. 1998 . Riparian ecosystems of semi-arid North America: diversity and human impacts . Wetlands , 18 : 498 – 512 .
  • Pearce , C. M. and Smith , D. G. 2001 . Plains cottonwood's last stand: can it survive invasion of Russian olive onto the Milk River, Montana floodplain? . Environ. Manage. , 28 : 623 – 637 .
  • Pearce , C. M. and Smith , D. G. 2003 . Saltcedar: distribution, abundance, and dispersal mechanisms, northern Montana, U.S.A. . Wetlands , 23 : 215 – 228 .
  • Pearce , C. M. and Smith , D. G. 2007 . Invasive saltcedar (Tamarix): its spread from the American Southwest to the northern Great Plains . Phys. Geog , 28 : 507 – 530 .
  • Phillips , S. J. , Anderson , R. P. and Schapire , R. E. 2006 . Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions . Ecol. Model. , 190 : 231 – 259 .
  • Poff , N. L. , Allan , J. D. , Bain , M. B. , Karr , J. R. , Presegaard , K. L. , Richter , B. D. and Stromberg , J. C. 1997 . The natural flow regime: a paradigm for river conservation and restoration . BioScience , 47 : 769 – 784 .
  • Read , R. A. 1958 . Lincoln, NE : Great Plains Agricultural Council, University of Nebraska Experiment Station . The Great Plains shelterbelt in 1954, Publication No. 16
  • Reynolds , L. V. and Cooper , D. J. 2010 . Environmental tolerance of an invasive riparian tree and its potential for continued spread in the southwestern US . J. Veg. Sci. , 21 : 733 – 743 .
  • Ringold , P. L. , Magee , T. K. and Peck , D. V. 2008 . Twelve invasive plant taxa in U.S. western riparian ecosystems . J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. , 27 : 949 – 966 .
  • Robinson , T. 1965 . Introduction, spread and areal extent of saltcedar (Tamarix) in the western United States , Reston, VA : U.S. Geological Survey . U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 491-A
  • Scott , M. L. , Friedman , J. M. and Auble , G. T. 1996 . Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees . Geomorph , 14 : 327 – 339 .
  • Scott , M. L. , Lines , G. C. and Auble , G. T. 2000 . Channel incision and patterns of cottonwood stress and mortality along the Mojave River, California . J. Arid Environ. , 44 : 399 – 414 .
  • Scott , M. L. , Nagler , P. L. , Glenn , E. P. , Valdes-Casillas , C. , Erker , J. A. , Reynolds , E. W. , Shafroth , P. B. , Gomez-Limon , E. and Jones , C. L. 2009 . Assessing the extent and diversity of riparian ecosystems in Sonora, Mexico . Biodivers. Conserv. , 18 : 247 – 269 .
  • Scott , M. L. , Shafroth , P. B. and Auble , G. T. 1999 . Responses of riparian cottonwoods to alluvial water table declines . Environ. Manage. , 23 : 347 – 358 .
  • Sengupta , D. , Skiles , J. W. and Schmidt , C. L. 2005 . Tamarisk invasion in Northwest Nevada , Fort Collins, CO : Invasive Species Forecasting System Science Team Meeting, U.S. Geological Survey . 6–8 June 2005
  • Sexton , J. P. , Sala , A. and Murray , K. 2006 . Occurrence, persistence, and expansion of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) populations in the Great Plains of Montana . West. N. Am. Nat , 66 : 1 – 11 .
  • Shafroth , P. B. , Auble , G. T. and Scott , M. L. 1995 . Germination and establishment of the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. monilifera) and the exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) . Conserv. Biol , 9 : 1169 – 1175 .
  • Shafroth , P. B. , Auble , G. T. , Stromberg , J. C. and Patten , D. T. 1998 . Establishment of woody riparian vegetation in relation to annual patterns of streamflow, Bill Williams River, Arizona . Wetlands , 18 : 577 – 590 .
  • Shafroth , P. B. , Beauchamp , V. B. , Briggs , M. K. , Lair , K. , Scott , M. L. and Sher , A. A. 2008 . Planning riparian restoration in the context of Tamarix control in western North America . Restor. Ecol , 16 : 97 – 112 .
  • Shafroth , P. B. , Stromberg , J. C. and Patten , D. T. 2000 . Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes . West. N. Am. Nat. , 60 : 66 – 76 .
  • Shafroth , P. B. , Stromberg , J. C. and Patten , D. T. 2002 . Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes . Ecol. Appl. , 12 : 107 – 123 .
  • Sher , A. A. and Marshall , D. L. 2003 . Seedling competition between native Populus deltoides (Salicaceae) and exotic Tamarix ramosissima (Tamariceae) across water regimes and substrate types . Am J. Bot , 90 : 413 – 432 .
  • Sher , A. A. , Marshall , D. L. and Taylor , J. P. 2002 . Establishment patterns of native Populus and Salix in the presence of invasive nonnative . Tamarix. Ecol. Appl , 12 : 760 – 772 .
  • South Dakota Department of Agriculture . 2006 . Tamarisk weed mapping data, South Dakota , Pierre, SD : South Dakota Department of Agriculture .
  • Stoeckeler , J. H. 1946 . Alkali tolerance of drought-hardy trees and shrubs in the seed and seedling stage . Minnesota Acad. Sci. , 14 : 79 – 83 .
  • Stromberg , J. C. 1997 . Growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood, Goodding willow, and salt cedar seedlings after large floods in central Arizona . Great Basin Nat. , 57 : 198 – 208 .
  • Stromberg , J. C. , Beauchamp , V. B. , Dixon , M. D. , Lite , S. J. and Paradzick , C. 2007a . Importance of low-flow and high-flow characteristics to restoration of riparian vegetation along rivers in arid south-western United States . Freshw. Biol. , 52 : 651 – 679 .
  • Stromberg , J. C. , Chew , M. K. , Nagler , P. L. and Glenn , E. P. 2009 . Changing perceptions of change: the role of scientists in Tamarix and river management . Restor. Ecol , 17 : 177 – 186 .
  • Stromberg , J. C. , Lite , S. J. , Marler , R. , Paradzick , C. , Shafroth , P. B. , Shorrock , D. , White , J. M. and White , M. S. 2007b . Altered stream-flow regimes and invasive plant species: the Tamarix case . Global Ecol. Biogeogr , 16 : 381 – 393 .
  • Stromberg , J. C. , Tiller , R. and Richter , B. 1996 . Effects of groundwater decline on riparian vegetation of semiarid regions: the San Pedro, Arizona . Ecol. Appl. , 6 : 113 – 131 .
  • Swets , J. A. 1988 . Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems . Science , 240 : 1285 – 1293 .
  • Tamarisk Coalition . 2008 . Tamarisk Coalition Mapping Project , Grand Junction, CO : Tamarisk Coalition .
  • Tellman , B. 1997 . Exotic pest plant introduction in the American southwest . Desert Plants , 13 : 3 – 10 .
  • Thomas , K. and Guertin , P. 2007 . Flagstaff, AZ : Southwest Biological Science Center . Southwest non-native invasive plant database (SWEMP07): U.S. Geological Survey
  • Uowolo , A. , Binkley , D. and Adair , E. C. 2005 . Plant diversity in riparian forests in northwest Colorado: effects of time and river regulation . For. Ecol. Manage. , 218 : 107 – 114 .
  • U.S. Bureau of Land Management . 2006 . Salt Lake City, UT : Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office . Utah noxious weeds: Salt Lake City, Utah
  • van Riper , C. , Paxton , K. , O'Brien , C. , Shafroth , P. B. and McGrath , L. J. 2008 . Rethinking avian response to Tamarix on the lower Colorado River: a threshold hypothesis . Restor. Ecol. , 16 : 155 – 167 .
  • Vieira , J. 2003 . Royal Gorge area weed mapping data. U.S , Cañon City, CO : Bureau of Land Management, Cañon City Field Office .
  • Walker , H. A. 2008 . Floristics and phyiognomy determine migrant landbird response to tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) invasion in riparian areas . Auk , 125 : 520 – 531 .
  • Walker , L. R. , Barnes , P. L. and Powell , E. A. 2006 . Tamarix aphylla: a newly invasive tree in southern Nevada . West. N. Am. Nat , 66 : 191 – 201 .
  • Whitcraft , C. R. , Talley , D. M. , Crooks , J. A. , Boland , J. and Gaskin , J. 2007 . Invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in a southern California salt marsh . Biol. Invasions , 9 : 875 – 879 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.