244
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A PRELIMINARY AND PARTIAL TEST OF SPECIFIC DEFIANCE

&
Pages 1-21 | Published online: 10 Jan 2012

REFERENCES

  • Braithwaite , J. 1989 . Crime, Shame, and Reintegration. , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Brandl , S. G. , Frank , J. , Worden , R. E. and Bynum , T. S. 1994 . “Global and Specific Attitudes Toward the Police: Disentangling the Relationship.” . Justice Quarterly , 11 : 119 – 134 .
  • Caldwell , E. 1978 . “Patrol Observations: The Patrol Encounter, Patrol Narrative, and General Shift Information Forms.” . In Police Services Study Methods Report MR-02. , Bloomington , IN : Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis .
  • Cullen , F. T. 1994 . “Social Support as an Organizing Concept for Criminology.” Presidential address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences . Justice Quarterly , 11 : 527 – 559 .
  • Engel , R. S. , Sobol , J. J. and Worden , R. E. 2000 . “Further Exploration of the Demeanor Hypothesis: The Interaction Effects of Suspects’ Characteristics and Demeanor on Police Behavior.” . Justice Quarterly , 17 : 235 – 258 .
  • Farrington , D. P. 1977 . “The Effects of Public Labeling.” . British Journal of Criminology , 17 : 112 – 125 .
  • Garner , J. , Fagan , J. and Maxwell , C. 1995 . “Published Findings from the Spouse Assault Replication Program: A Critical Review.” . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 11 : 3 – 28 .
  • Gibbs , J. 1975 . Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence. , New York : Elsevier .
  • Klinger , D. A. 1994 . “Demeanor or Crime? Why Hostile Citizens Are More Likely to Be Arrested.” . Criminology , 32 : 475 – 493 .
  • Lemert , E. M. 1967 . Human Deviance, Social Problems, and Social Control. , Englewood Cliff , NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Levin , J. and Thomas , A. R. 1997 . “Experimentally Manipulating Race: Perceptions of Police Brutality in an Arrest: A Research Note.” . Justice Quarterly , 14 : 577 – 586 .
  • Link , B. G. , Cullen , F. T. , Frank , J. and Wozniak , J. F. 1987 . “The Social Rejection of Former Mental Patients: Understanding Why Labels Matter.” . American Journal of Sociology , 92 : 1461 – 1500 .
  • Lundman , R. J. 1994 . “Demeanor or Crime? The Midwest City Police-Citizen Encounters Study.” . Criminology , 32 : 631 – 656 .
  • Lundman , R. J. 1996 . “Demeanor and Arrest: Additional Evidence from Previously Unpublished Data.” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 33 : 306 – 323 .
  • Mastrofski , S. D. , Snipes , J. B. and Supina , A. E. 1996 . “Compliance on Demand: The Public's Response to Specific Police Requests.” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 33 : 269 – 305 .
  • McCluskey , J. D. , Mastrofski , S. D. and Parks , R. B. 1999 . “To Acquiesce or Rebel: Predicting Citizen Compliance with Police Requests.” . Police Quarterly , 2 : 389 – 416 .
  • Miethe , T. D. and McCorkle , R. C. 1997 . “Gang Membership and Criminal Processing: A Test of the “Master Status” Concept.” . Justice Quarterly , 14 : 407 – 427 .
  • Ostrom , E. , Parks , R. B. and Whitaker , G. P. 1977 . Police Services Study, Phase II, 1977: Rochester, St. Louis, and St. Petersburg. , Am Arbor , MI : ICPSR .
  • Pate , A. and Hamilton , E. E. 1992 . “Formal and Informal Deterrents to Domestic Violence: The Dade County Spouse Assault Experiment.” . American Sociological Review , 57 : 691 – 697 .
  • Paternoster , R. 1987 . “The Deterrent Effect of the Perceived Certainty and Severity of Punishment: A Review of the Evidence and Issues.” . Justice Quarterly , 4 : 173 – 217 .
  • Paternoster , R. and Iovanni , L. 1989 . “The Labeling Perspective and Delinquency: An Elaboration of the Theory and an Assessment of the Evidence.” . Justice Quarterly , 6 : 359 – 394 .
  • Paternoster , R. and Piquero , A. 1995 . “Reconceptualizing Deterrence: An Empirical Test of Personal and Vicarious Experiences.” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 32 : 251 – 286 .
  • Paternoster , R. and Simpson , S. S. 1996 . “Sanction Threats and Appeals to Morality: Testing a Rational Choice Model of Corporate Crime.” . Law and Society Review , 30 : 549 – 583 .
  • Paternoster , R. , Brame , R. , Bachan , R. and Sherman , L. W. 1997 . “Do Fair Procedures Matter? The Effects of Procedural Justice on Spouse Assault.” . Law and Society Review , 31 : 163 – 204 .
  • Piquero , A. and Paternoster , R. 1998 . “An Application of Stafford and Warr's Reconceptualization of Deterrence to Drinking and Driving.” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 35 : 3 – 39 .
  • Sampson , R. J. and Laub , J. H. 1993 . Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life. , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Scheff , T. J. and Retzinger , S. M. 1991 . Emotions and Violence: Shame and Rage in Destructive Conflicts. , Lexington , MA : Lexington Books .
  • Sherman , L. W. 1980 . “Causes of Police Behavior: The Current State of Quantitative Research.” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 17 : 69 – 100 .
  • Sherman , L. W. 1992 . Policing Domestic Violence. , New York : Free Press .
  • Sherman , L. W. 1993 . “Defiance, Deterrence, and Irrelevance: A Theory of the Criminal Sanction.” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 30 : 445 – 473 .
  • Sherman , L. W. and Smith , D. A. 1992 . “Crime, Punishment, and Stake in Conformity: Legal and Informal Control of Domestic Violence.” . American Sociological Review , 57 : 680 – 690 .
  • Smith , D. A. 1986 . “The Neighborhood Context of Police Behavior.” . In Communities and Crime , Edited by: Reiss , A. and Tonry , M. 313 – 341 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Smith , D. A. and Paternoster , R. 1990 . “Formal Processing and Future Delinquency: Deviance Amplification as Selection Artifact.” . Law and Society Review , 24 : 1109 – 1131 .
  • Smith , D. A. and Visher , C. A. 1980 . “Street-Level Justice: Situational Determinants of Police Arrest Decisions.” . Social Problems , 29 : 167 – 178 .
  • Tibbetts , S. G. and Herz , D. C. 1996 . “Gender Differences in Factors of Social Control and Rational Choice.” . Deviant Behavior , 17 : 183 – 208 .
  • Tyler , T. R. 1990 . Why People Obey the Law. , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
  • Williams , K. R. and Hawkins , R. 1986 . “Perceptual Research on General Deterrence: A Critical Review.” . Law and Society Review , 20 : 545 – 572 .
  • Worden , R. and Shepard , R. 1996 . “Demeanor, Crime, and Police Behavior: A Reexamination of the Police Services Study Data.” . Criminology , 34 : 83 – 105 .
  • Zimring , F. and Hawkins , G. 1973 . Deterrence. , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.